xt72jm23ct00 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt72jm23ct00/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1944 journals kaes_circulars_004_403 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 403 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 403 1944 2014 true xt72jm23ct00 section xt72jm23ct00  
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Fig. `|.—·A 20'x40' Kentucky shed-roof house for 200 hens PIO]
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CONTENTS vim
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Page pal`?
~ Choosing the Place to Build .................... 3 '
Size of House to Build ......................... 4 K8']
Plenty er sudughe Needed ........4............ 4 g°°'
Good Ventilation Necessary .................... 4 1
Durability of Building, at Low Cost ............ 5 1
Specifications for the Shed-Roof House- 4
Plan Ky. 11.727-2 ........................... 6  
Concrete Foundation ........................... 6
Concrete Floors ............................... 7
Posts and Wooden Floor ....................... 7
Walls ......................................... 8 mln
Roof .......................................... 8 {{0Cj
Ventilating and Lighting Equipment ........... 11 rear
Interior Equipment ............................ 15 HOC
Electric Lights ................................ 17 T"?]
1
Bill of Materials for Poultry House Plans tl;
No. Ky. 11.727-2 ............................ 22 mv
List of Plans for Poultry Houses and Equipment. 24 · l
 

 i Shed-Roof Poultry House for the
Laying Flock
By j. B. KELLEY and W. M. INsi .ts.  
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rtw (   » »‘  197 Xl   - , Z ~ e   ——».,    
the Fig. 2.- Kentucky shed-roof house for 400 birds, with o 2-story feed-storage
200 born at center.
mu Fresh cir is necessary to the health of the birds. ln order to get
msc the oxygen needed, it is necessary for air to enter and leave the house
at. a rate of 35 cu. ft. per hour, per hen.
um Dryness is the most important requirement of a good poultry house.
flu" Because chickens have no sweat glands, they depend upon respiration
"l“i for the elimination of a great deal of moisture. If the air in the
im` house is damp, it cannot absorb the moisture given off by the hens.
iS"" and the litter and walls will be wet. ln a damp house the flock is
more susceptible to disease. and in winter there is greater danger of
the combs freezing. In building a new house the essential factors to
consider in order to provide dry quarters are: (l) drainage of the (
tint building site, (2) access to sunshine, (3) construction of floors, (4) con—
ion, struction of walls and windows to keep out snow and rain and provide
twls ventilation.
the Freedom from draft.- .--\ hen rotrsting in a draft may develop
Ugg roup; to avoid such trouble. the house, should be so constructed as (
gw to allow adequate ventilation without drafts. It is advisable to make  
[OSC the house 20 feet front the front to the batk and to place the roosts in  
the rear. as this lessens the chances of draft on the birds at night. All  
cracks should be stripped. V
{UC Durability of Building, ot Low Cost
The durability of the building depends upon a proper selection
and use of materials. The cost depends upon the local cost of ma»
`ade terials and labor and the amount contributed from the farm. _
i.

 6 Exrcnsron Qmcucmz 403
Specifications for the Shed Roof House— quire
Plan Ky. ll.727-2 Tac]
t mz
These specifications are for the standard 20* x 20’, 100-bird unit, make
Kentucky shed-roof house constructed of wood. A plan for building mmm
it of cement blocks or clay tile (Ky. 11.727-2A) can be furnished. comb
The drawings on pages 12 and 13 and bill of materials are for mass
_ frame construction. By studying the drawings, the bill of materials .
and specifications, any carpenter should be able to build one of
' these houses. C4
A As the foundation and floors may be constructed of either concrete Sh0ul
or wood, specifications and bill of materials are given for both. 8Hd C
[21111})
· 1
Concrete Foundation gi?
e
A concrete foundation, properly made, is very durable. A solid Put i
concrete foundation for frame construction should be 8 inches wide If me
at the bottom and 6 inches at the top. It should extend into the not b
ground below the frost line (about 24 inches) and 8 inches above the C,
ground. Half-inch bolts, 12 inches long should be embedded in thc shoul
concrete six feet apart, with which creosoted sills should be bolted to {wwe
the foundation. The concrete should be mixed in the proportion rnixtl
1:2%:4. This means one sack of Portland cement to 2% cubic feet Water
A of clean sand, and 4 cu. ft. of well-graded pebbles or broken stone ture
ranging in size from %" to 1%". Add 6 gallons of clean water per immg
sack of cement if the sand is dry. If the sand is damp, use 5% gallons, this (
and if dripping wet, only 4% gallons of additional water will be re· grade
inch,
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g>|¤
the front. The chief advantages of the shed roof are its ease of c0tt
struction and economy of material.

 SHED-Roor Pour.’rm· Housia 9
the The roof is l`ramed of good, sound 2" x —l" x l0’ and 2" x 4" x l2'
the yellow pine or oak rafters, spaced 2 ft. on the centers, supported by
wl" double 2" x 4" wall plates at from and rear, and a 4" x 4" support at
the center. (See Fig. 8.) This support should be braced at each end
l bf and at the center post. If two 2 x 4’s are spiked together to form the
{EH center rafter support, they must be placed over the post edgewise
ml rather than Hat. and must be braced. The rafters should extend one
11* foot over the rear wall to form the rear eaves and the ends must be
Ulf sawed to a chalk line so that when the l" x 6" facing board is nailed
‘l€"l on it will be in a true line and thus will not interfere with the closing
%th*· of the ventilator doors hinged under the eaves.
l“"" A ro`ection or hood is built at the front as shown on lans, Fi ·. 8.
P J P S
The hood, when properly constructed, not only adds to the appear-
lm ance of the house but helps to keep out driving rain. The rafters
Yhell should be sheathed ti ht with six—inch sheathin or boxin dressed
g S g
to uniform thickness.
The slope ol the main roof of tl1e Kentucky shed-roof house is so
. sli ·ht that it is not advisable to use wooden shin les. As halt shin les,
ztam g g P g
A roll roofin , built-u as halt roofin or sheet metal, ma be used.
Sm, g P P S Y
walls
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Fig. 4.— Roost and ventilation detail. '

 10 Exrrsnsiow Cnzcu1.An 403 A _
Shingle roof.- A good quality asphalt shingle known as a [our-
shingle strip 32 or 36 inches long by 12% inches wide, having cut·out»
#1 inches deep and % inch wide, produces the same appearance as
individual shingles, when laid 4 inches to the weather. lt makes a
very durable roof. Special hexagon strips 11%/ x SG", weighing not
less than 165 pounds per square, may also be used. .
_ Roll roofing.-— There are a number of grades of roll roofing on
the market but many of them have not proved to be durable. Use zi
good grade weighing not less than 65 pounds per 100 square feet,
A laying it lengthwise on the roof, over solid sheathing. Nail securely
only the upper edges of the strips, and cement the entire strip to the
roof. The lower edge of each strip should overlap the upper edge ol
the lower sheet at least 3 inches and be cemented to it.
Built-up roof.- A built-up roof made of layers of slater’s felt and
asphalt is very durable, not difficult to lay, and the materials of which
it is constructed cost practically the same as a good grade ol roll rool- l
ing. It is recommended for roofs having a pitch not greater than that
of the Kentucky shed-roof poultry house. During the summer ol` 1927 _·
over 14,000 square feet of this type of roohng were laid on twenty-two
poultry houses on the Experiment Station farm, Lexington. After 17
years of service, only one small leak has developed and not any ofithc
 
. ———- 
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ASPHALT QOLL EOOFING
Fig. 5.— How to Icy u built-up roof.

 SHED-Roor Poutrizy Housr; ll
»ur- roofing has been loosened by the wind. However, during the summer
tuts of 1936 a surface coat of hot asphalt was applied to all the roofs.
as Before laying the built-up rooting, the steeper overhanging roof at
S 21 the front of the poultry house should be covered with pro-slate asphalt
not shingles, which gives the house an attractive appearance. The re-
. mainder of the roof should be covered with built-up roofing laid as
OH illustrated in Fig. 5.
e tt Met¤I.— A good grade of sheet metal may be used as roofing pro-
ect, vided the roof is sheathed tight and an insulating felt is placed be-  
‘elv tween the metal and sheathing. If the under surface of the metal is  
the exposed to the air in the house, moisture will condense on it in winter. T
: of Sheet metal should not be laid over a roofing containing tar, as the
acid in the tar will destroy the metal. The life of galvanized sheet
md metal covered with a light coating of zinc will be increased by paint-
ml ing the exposed surface. The life of galvanized sheet metal depends
mr ‘ upon the weight of the zinc coating. A coating of two ounces per V
hal square foot of surface is recommended as it will last more than 20
927 L_ years without rusting, although not painted.
W Ventilating and Lighting Equipment
lf The ventilating system of the Kentucky shed-roof house consists
Ihf of the following: the front and side windows, two l0" x l()’ hinged i
ventilating doors under the rear eaves, and the two 4’ x 5’ curtained
openings at the front (See Fig. 6). All the windows and the open front,
in addition to admitting light, furnish ameans of regulating the air
supply and the temperature of the house in winter and summer. The
windows should swing inward or may be made to slide up and down
(See Fig. 7). The wooden sash of a sliding window or of one swinging
l inward will not rot out so rapidly as that of one swinging outward.
All the sash should be made of white pine chemically treated to retard
decay and should be thoroughly painted. lt is important that the
i bottom of the windows and the sills be carefully fitted at a 30 degree
u angle to prevent water from entering the house when the windows
are closed.
The hinged ventilators in the rear should be made in two IO" x l()’
sections and well fitted. They should be left open during the summer
l and on cold, stormy days in the early fall when it is necessary to close
. the open front or some of the windows. They should be closed
throughout the winter.
Q The open front, consisting of two 5’ x #l’ openings screened with
one-inch mesh poultry wire or hardware cloth provides direct sunshine
and fresh air. Unbleached muslin cloth curtains are provided for
these openings. Feed sacks of a white muslin material may be used

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_ 12 _ I Fig. 8.- PI¤ns of Ken" , °h°d‘*°¤* Pvulfry house.
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 14 Exrizwsiou Ciizcumiz 403
(see details, Fig. 6). The curtain frames are made in two sections
hinged together so as to permit them to open inward and to {it tight
against the top of the sloping sill when closed. The 2" x S" sills
extend out two inches beyond the boxing and slope downward four
inches at an angle of 30 degrees, so that when the curtains are closed
the rain cannot enter under them. These curtains need never be
A closed except to keep out rain and snow, and on very cold nights.
l When the curtains are closed care must be taken to provide a cir-
culation of air through windows and the rear ventilator, except in
V inidwinter, when the muslin curtain will permit enough change of air.
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Fig. 6.—- Section through open front, Fig. 7.-—Section through window,
showing details of construction and showing details of construction and
operation of muslin curtains. Ropes operation. The sash may be arranged
and pulleys may be used for raising to slide up and down.
and lowering the muslin curtains.
 

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SHED-Roor Pouurnv Housr; 15
On very stormy days when it is necessary to curtain the open front ‘
to keep out wind, rain, and snow, the windows admit enough light. _
It has been found that common glass filters out most of the ultraviolet A
rays of the sun which are beneficial to the health and productivity of ,
the birds; the open front is provided to permit these rays to enter _*
the house. Substitutes for glass which do not filter out such a large I
percentage of the ultraviolet rays may be used in place of glass but V
not over the muslin curtain frames. Glass substitutes are not essential Vg
unless the flock is to be confined to the house most of the time. If the L
birds are allowed free range or even the range of a small yard, they  
will get out into the direct rays of the sun. These rays are more effec- (
tive than those filtered through glass substitutes. Even though there l
may be a slight saving in first cost by use of glass substitutes, they are in
more costly in the long run than glass because they are less durable.
They cannot withstand the severe heat of the sun’s rays in the summer
and must be removed during the summer if they are to be preserved. _
Proper management in opening and closing the windows and the .
small bird entrance door at the front, helps to regulate the circulation
of air over the floor and aids greatly in keeping the floor litter dry in
wet weather. If the birds are not let out the small bird entrance can
be covered with poultry wire to permit a circulation of air over the Z
floor. Stock windows should always be purchased, preferably of the  
_ sizes indicated on the plans, Fig. 8.
Interior Equipment
The nests and feeding equipment in the Kentucky house are ar—  
ranged to permit the floor space to be used. (
R00s|·s.—- The roosts are placed on the same level to prevent the i
birds fighting for the top perches. Ten to twelve inches of roost space
should be provided for each bird of the heavier breeds, but eight
inches is enough for Leghorns. The roosts are divided into two sec-
tions of 4 rails each made of 2" x