skimmilk is a very high quality protein feed, and solubles for dried skimmilk in calf starters. More tests
when price relationships enable it to be used eco- then were made to determine whether the solubles
nomically in calf leeds it certainly deserves a place in starters could be further improved. Crimped oats were-
them. However, as it is the high-priced ingredient of used instead of the ground oats. Crimped oats appeargk
such starters, the Kentucky experiments were under- to be slightly more palatable to calves, and less dusty,
taken to find out whether other lower priced in- than the ground oats. Antibiotics (aureomycin and `
gredients could be used with equally satisfactory re- terramycin) were included. Both Holstein and jersey, A
stilts in the raising of herd replacements. male and female, calves were used in the tests.
ln the tests three products, corn, rye, and milo dried The corn-solubles ration used as the standard of y
clistillers` soluhles, were used to replace dried skirmnilk comparison in these tests was the same (except for
in the starters. 'l`he basal ration, used as a standard of substitution of crimped oats for ground oats) as the;.
comparison, was composed of 50 potmds linseed oil- (`Ul`l1-S()lLll)l€S ration used in the earlier tests. `
meal, 50 pounds wheat bran, 80 pounds ground yellow .·\ddition of the antibiotics definitely improved the
ccrrn, l20 pcruncls grcnirid ()a[s_ 100 pounds dried skim- ('0l‘l1-s0ltllJl€s l`l1fl()1l, as $ll()\\'1l in tlle folluwlllg l`€- ?
milk, 5 pounds bonemeal, 5 pounds iodizecl salt, and suits for the calves up to 12 weeks of age. 'f`h€ l`€Sl11lS
either 0,5 pciuncl cod-liver oil or 600 grains of a are summaries from several experiments, involving 14 is
vitamin .—\ and 1) supplement. ln the experimental calves. P _ Smurf ._
. . . . ou:u.I.s uf (days g
l`2l[1()llS [lll? (ll`1€(l Sklllllllllli W2lS l`€])l2i(fC(l. l)y Llfl equal Atzczruge Auerugczcons·runpli0nuf— feed per per L
amount of either corn, rye, or milo dried distillers' dmlfjaul   Siiliam fig;] poggiuf   i 7
solubles. Water and good-quality alfalfa hay were (éorn-solugyes ..0.98 206.0 130.6 81.7 2.89 133 g
led in addition to the starter. Thelcalves used were ‘§S;;gIgyC‘;; U 1.13 203*2 MSB 856 2.68 0.87
_]ersey nrale calves. Males were used instead of females C0m_S0iub]€S A
because the factors to be measured were growth and terramycin ·.·. 1.10 210.0 144-0 70-3 261 1-00
°""S“ml’[lO“ Of f€€d· and if the Gilles Sheuld um mm ln these tests the antibiotics improved the growth'}
(mf Well UU [hc €Xl’°l`im€mal rations [hell Could be rate, feed consumption, and feed utilization of the Z-
<1iS<(=·¤(<1¤<* ~~(i¤h<»·¤ i¤.i¤1(r [0 the EXP€l`lm€m Station calves, and reduced the occurrence of scours. Reduc- ,
h°"‘l· l"""[Y`fOf“` mlves were fed on the {Our rations- tion of scours is the most important reason for includ- *
'1`he calves otr the four rations m2td€ 1116 fwllvwiflfé ing- these antibiotic- products in calf sta1(t€1(s. By 1`€·
“"“'“¥`“ 8*'l"$“1’*U lf} Weeks Of age? ducing scours the mortality rate in young calves is ‘
  l""“;';;g;;j" reduced, and this in turn means greater economy my
{vqrusc dugy girth. tpiihers producing lrigh-cluality herd replacements. if
i.,am, poun s (inches) (indica) ,
Skimmilk '__________'__’_______I__. 098 11.3 69 ln summary, these various tests show that good
Corn solublcs .................... 1.00 10.7 6.7 healthy calves of normal size can be raised on a feed—L.·
        itrg system ol limited milk-, calf starter, and hay, and
also that the nrost expensive ingredient rn nrost calf
ln making these gains, the calves ate the following starters (dried skimmilk) can be replaced by the less
amounts of feed: Pounds of costly corn or milo dried distillers' solubles. E
Average consumption of- feed ner
("tlh *7,%* as  0* . . . . . F
Culws Ou Skimmilk mmm     2;% U 1954 649 0 60 (.alves in the individual pens are kept comfortable and at gy
(lalvcs on corn solublcs ration .....   220l9 l8lil 78:3   the Hume {mw cmulcly Isolated Hom Cach Other. A
Efiltiiii :1:: ::*:1*1.ii1£t;l11$S..t;at:::(· -»···· $9%*1 122-2 tis at     . - 1     *
( ( · ( ( ( ‘’‘‘‘‘‘’ (( ( ( ‘ (e “( {       (((~   ..((  (  
.·\ll thcsc gains were satisfactory except those made         Y i —l1_ Y0M`°"i   4
bv thc calves on the rye-solubles ration. Performance       ky_. W    .   · __4`   [   (   H  `
of calves receiv ing the corn and milo solubles was prac- (‘      · ..  .,..   ,,  ··  Y          <
ticallv tltc· satnc as that ol those on the Slilllllllllli lillloll.     i'i  l i¢                
though thc calves on the solubles rations made their ’         _’f  •
gains on slightly less feed per pound of gain. 'l`lrose on   f_        , `` ·( A
the ryc·-solublcs ration made the poorest gains and had   `   V       sv l
thc highest ratc· of feed consumption per pound o|` _  **2.   ,     ~_y_ .  
gain. lhc ryc soluhles seemed less palatable than the Y.   _       (P
othcr rations. _.  (S  y (_ r_     L
ir , is ..(—     .·.·  .     ....»    - c· “ Fe —
3·2f (.·‘~%#?4’°=i`F.     . Y";.;4r£>?··  Q   4
Further improvements in starters  — ;;·~`i€f   
llhc foregoing tcsts tletuonstratecl that it would be   _ 1 F   is  
itlactical to substitute corn or rnilo dried clistillers` f‘·y ‘('’_.   {  Y1   ( (if;»*Z·_`Q# 3ijI,i   '·i: `wfi   0
20 Utsuveasrry or Krswrueitv 2
C