xt74f47grw6m https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt74f47grw6m/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1934 journals 005 English Lexington. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Regulatory series, bulletin. n.5 text Regulatory series, bulletin. n.5 1934 2014 true xt74f47grw6m section xt74f47grw6m I , I
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» Regulatory Series, N0. 5. June, 1934.    
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j Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station I I
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  UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY I
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I COMMERCIAL FEEDS AND THEIR USE IN I    
I By J. D. TURNER, H. D. SPEAIRS, W. G. TERRELL   I
I  and L. V. AMBURGEY  
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I coureurs , I I
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SOU1‘c€s of materials ............,.....   3 Protein .............,......rr.......r....... _ ........... 22   I
g $n and nntritive value 16 stuffs ....rr.......,. I ....rr.......r. . ....rr..r..rr . 54 I
  Necessity of microscopical Average digestible nutrients of . I
ri IIIIIIIYSIS rrr.....r............... _ _.....,.........,.. 10 feedstuffs ...........r.... . ..r......r..r....rr.... 56 I
— I NIIU‘iIi\‘e ratio r.....,,,,_,____,,,.___,,,__,,.,,_ 20 Summary of results of inspc¤·—
·. BIIIIIIWMI ration .r.......____._,.___....,__,__,, 20 tion and analysis, IEIIISI .............rr 58 ` I
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I  Laws have as their basic principles right and justice, pro- * »
 . tection and service, and if properly administered are great edu- I
I cators. Successful administration depends largely upon the I
I CIIOl)01'?ltl011 of those whose interests they aiiect. The active I
interest and degree of cooperation of those so atlccted depend I
I also on adequate knowledge of the provisions of the law and the I '
 I ends to be attained in its proper operation. The operation of a I I
Q l*I“°» Ih€‘1‘0f01‘e, should not only properly regulate or control, lmii  
I slionld be educative as well. In the administration of the feed- , I
_I stnits control in Kentucky this two—fold purpose has always been J I
_;  k€lYE 111 view, ' I
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i 2 Ifenlacky Agriealtzwxzl Emperinzent Station
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if · The manufacture and distribution of commercial feeds have feed
I reached large proportions. Inasmueh as the feeders of Ken-  Z tion
E tucky alone pay annually several million dollars for stock feed, V i
t exclusive of wh0le_grains and roughages, it is very important that I
  the feeder, as well as the mainifaeturer and distributor, under- .= 
i i ll stand the significance of the feedstuffs law and its operation, .
i   and the various terms relative to the manufacture and distribu- · SW]
g tion of feedstutfs.   (Wl
  The State feedstuffs law requires eaeh brand of eommereial     t
i feed to be registered with the Feed Control Department of the A  HE;
_ = Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and each bag of  1 rw
· feed to he labeled with a Kcntueky official tag giving the manu- _· Hm
y facturer`s guaranty, before it can be lawfully sold or offered for wm
x sale in the State. Before an application for registration is _ isc
ll accepted, it is examined carefully to see if the requirements of i the
' the law have been met;   to ehemieal standards and information   mt
given as to the nature of the materials used in making the feed, ‘ the
J y the amount of essential organic ingredients, and the liniitatiml by
t of fillers or materials of little or no feeding value as concentrates ` `
y Because of this close examination of registrations, many irregu-  
k larities are eliminated before the feed appears on the market. 4.
  After registrations are accepted and the feed appears cu the  
i , market, inspections are made and samples taken and analyxedi   my
to compare them with their registrations and guaranties. lf 2* ~ gm
, feed is found to be misbranded or adnlterated, proper ll<*i\l'lll¥i as
is given the manufacturer aud ii? the case merits, court aetie11%* _ SH,
’ entered against the offender and the 1·egistration is subject te . me
—   cancellation. _ lm
i To aid the manufacturer, dealer and feeder better to unde1‘· ° tht
i stand the terms and methods used in the feed eoutrol anzl he“'  _ Wi:
, the law affords protection to both buyer and mamifaeturer, sem'?  ‘ ‘*1‘
of the important things relating to the manufacture and use el i mi
feeds HP0 ])1'CSC1lJ[C(l in this bulletin, The sources and 1‘<‘l21fl"'~’ Y  OF
values of nutrients, and eonditions whieh may cause tlt·li~:l·**>·'Z* ¤ “'<‘
  i or excess of a nutrient in a feed are treated lu-jetty-_ For t`ull~‘l`  B Us
f   study and information, see standard textbooks on feeds Wl  ' "‘l
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Coimnereial Feeds and Their Use, in 1933 3 ,
Wt , feeding, or consult the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Sta- . [ l
2n-  I tion and other experiment stations.    
ed, V .    
ml   souncias OF MATERIALS ‘ i
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0,,, _ Human and stock foods are closely 11iterdependent—the , _ , t , l
t,u_ - souree of the one being the source, in the main, of the other,    
, each being vitally affected by the manufacture a11d distribution   {
lil`,  { of the other. Without the conservation and utilization in stock   g
,,10 .  leeds of the various. by-products and the unsuitable and rejected A  
U,   materials obtained in the manufacture of human foods, and the t
L reconversion of these materials into human foods by feeding ,  
  ‘ them to the animal and soil, the supply for human consuinption     i
B would not be adequate and the price would be prohibitive. It ,   E
O, ·_ is equally true that if we did not have by-products obtained in Q 3
`_ , the manufacture of human food, to form the basis of animal t  
   Q rations, the supply of stock feed would be greatly reduced and ,  
im; the value materially lowered and the large class of high-protein , ,
wl _ b)’—products practically eliminated.    
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[Awe ii SCREENINGS  
the Y , . . . .
/0,,,   l~nder·the name of screenings one 1nay expect to find a mix-
‘,_ H —  inte containing- every form of waste and refuse from cleaning
, N tlrain, seed and plants. They are composed of such materials ,
Imj HS weed seeds, hulls, chaff, sweepings, elevator dust, jointS, ‘
il  ·   stems, trash and dirt. `\\’hen grains are found they HFC  
L ‘ llltt‘l`10l`, immature and defective. Screenings are obtained in the t
A I>1‘t>eess of cleaning grain or by eombining varying amounts of I
.le1'· i the tlitferent eleanings of grain, seed or plants. They \’&l1'Y  
hoW  _ ll`l.......................,.... I ..i.,,.... I .......... I 18.00 teh
I II Alfalfa Meal ........... . .........,..................... I 13.00 I 1.50 I 32.00 me
· Barley, Ground   ........__....__,..,.. . ..__.___ I _______.__ I ______,_,_ I 6.00
Buttermilk, Dried ....... . ......................... I ..,....... I 5.00 I   ...... ·
I Corn, Chopped, Cracked (Screened) I 8.00 I 3.50 I 3.00 the
I Corn, Chopped, Cracked, Ground .... I 9.00 I 3.75 I 2.50 »
. Corn Feed Meal ....   .......................... I 3.00 I 3.75 I 4.00 I._
’ Hominy Meal, Hominy Feed ............ I 10.00 I 7.00 I 6.00 Us
Oats, Ground ....,.................. . ........   11.00 I 4.50 I 12.00 I COT
Rye Middlings or Shorts .................... I 15.50 I 3.50 I 6.00 I I0
Wheat Bran ._.......................................... I 14.50 I 3.75 I 10.00 _i
I Wheat Brown Nliddlings or Shorts .... I 16.00 I 4.00 I 7.50   4,
Wheat Flour Middiings ...................... I 16.00 I 3.50 I 3.50  .
I VVheat Gray Middlings or Shorts .... I 16.00 I 4.00 I 6.00
Wheat Mixed Feed ............._................ I 15.50 I 4.00 I 3.50 _‘ gal
I VI/heat White Middlings or Shorts .... I 16.00 I 3.50 I 3.50 I sta
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2.SpeciaI-Purpose Mixed Feeds: I ·' M
Dairy Feed ............. . ............................... 16.00 I 3.50 I 15.00 ' 5_
Hog Feed (FatteningI ........................ I 13.00 I 3.50 I 7.00 ~
I Hog Feed (Growing) ..,..._......_.r............ I 16.00 I 3.50 I 7.00  =
Horse and Mule Feed ,..____._..__,......,..... I 9.00 I 2.50 I 15.00 ‘ tial
` Poultry: I I I _1  pm
All—Masl1 Growing Ration ...........,.. I 15.00 I 4.00 I 6.00  
AlI—Masl1 Laying 1{aiion ...,.............. I 15.00 I 4.00 I 7.00  ` 6_
. All-Mash Poultry Raltion ................ I 15.00 I 4.00 I 6.00 .
I All-Mash Starting Ration ....._...__,..., I 14.00 I 3.50 I 5.00 -
1 Chick Grains ..... . ....   ...................... I 9.00 I 2.50 I 3.50 I SIIC
- Scratch Grains   ..... . ..................... I 9.00 I 3.00 I 5.00  
Fattening Mash .....................,.......... I 13.00 I 4.00 I 6.00 . 7-
Growing Mash   _........___....__..........,. I 17.00 I 3.50 I 6.00
. Laying Mash ..... . ............................... I 18.00 I 3.50 I $.00  I wh
Starting Mash ..., . ....,......................... I 16.00 I 3.50 I 5.00 _
Turkey Growing Mash .................... I 17.00 I 3.50 I 7.00 ’
Turkey Laying Mash ______................ I 18.00 I 3.50 I $.00 `_  UIQ
— Turkey Starting Mash ..,................. I 18.00 I 3.50 I 6-00  _ am
I   , ing
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IREGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS  
3. General Requirements: ` (III,
(a) In making registrations, care should be exercised to mulit ·  the
the chemical guaranties reasonably close to the actual content OI II  II-aI
~ the feed. In other words, arbitrary guaranties will not be acC€DI¢’II· {
(b) If a material change is made in the guaranty of a feed. in  ' 8·
_ effect lowering the value ot the feed, the name of the feed must 00 I I
  I changed also.  _ Bm
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 Commercial Feeds and Their Use, in 1.93.9 7 i
(c) For oil-mill by—pr0ducts and digester tankages, the percent- I I
— . age of protein must form part of the name. For example, 41% Cot-   j
i tonseed Meal, 34% Old Process Linseed Oil Meal, 60% Digester T`ank— Q I
` age, etc. I I
- { (d) Oil-mill by·pr0ducts containing hulls, screenings and simi— Q
J.  lar materials, thus materially lowering the percentage of crude pro- 1 ,
tein, cannot be called meals, but may be called meal and hulls, or . , I I
- meal and screenings, or feed, or by some proprietary name.   1
A (e) Any feed containing less than 9% protein must be called by     `
the name of its ingredients. . _
— (fl ln naming feeds, the terms "feed" and "ration" should be I I
` distinguished. A feed may or may not be a ration. A ration is a ,  
‘ complete feed and does not require other feed to be fed in addition i
to it. L f
l 4. Essential Organic Ingredients:   I
A feedstuff must not contain less than 3% of any essential or- , `  
ganic food ingredient stated in the guaranty. If an ingredient so   Q
` stated is found to be less than 3%, the feed will be classed as mis- I I
· branded. 3
` 5. Mineral Ingredients: W !
» Mineral ingredients. generally regarded as dietary factors essen- I I
tial for the normal nutrition of animals, when added to a feed, must I I
I not exceed 3%. I
6. san; I
  The amount of salt in a11y stock feed, including poultry feeds,
should not exceed 1%.
I 7. Screenings:
` (al Percentage of screenings in wheat feeds and statement .
~ whether ground or unground, must be given. I
  (Ill When screenings are used in mixed or special—purpose feeds, *
` the l)€l`<‘€1ltage must be stated, and the minimum amounts of protein  
_ aud {Ht and the maximum amounts of fiber and ash for such sCI`€9!l-
—— ~ mgs must be stated in the registration, Samples of such scroeHi¤$4S  
g HWY IW 1‘€qlli1‘ed to be furnished on request by the Departmcllt.   `
, ICI lf all or part of the immature, broken and light grains and  
kp J ?l§hGI` S€€ds of commercial value have been removed from screenings. V
' _ ; Q m8l€1`1al must be called "screenings refuse" or "SCl‘€€·Hi¤$-{S
Ot - Waste? ,
ed.   ry ’
in  n 8- M¤f8l"laIs of Little or No Feeding VBIUGZ ' . `
be ‘ ghtgg) Pgmeiltagé of material of little or no feeding value must be , J V  
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i 8 Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station
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l` (b) \Vhen organic materials of little or no feeding value as
l concentrates are used in mixed or special-purpose feeds, the open oft
  formula must be given in the registration. The open formula will that
, not be printed on the tag unless there is a good reason why it should. V _ com
{ The Department reserves the r1ght. _
I . (c) In mixed feeds, the amount of a material or materials of ,,_ cfm
I   little or no feeding value as a concentrate, must not exceed 25% of n 1‘1&l
, the mixture.
, 9. False Registration and Cancellation: . Hill]
  Improper registration, adulteration or misbranding of a feed not · mo;
, only renders the offender liable to prosecution, but the registration ` oju
may be cancelled by the Department. ing,
T _ THE STATE TAG . Cm
, The official tag or label not only informs the buyer that sale  i do
, of the feed in question is authorized under the State law, but 1 ml
l also gives information as to the character of the feed, which thc — ma,
T purchaser should know, that he may buy intelligently. There- I. US,
fore the purchaser should read carefully that part of the printed IOW
T matter which tells what materials are contained in the feed, and gm
, the chemical analysis. The information given is sufficient to ._
enable a feeder to select the feed that best suits his purpose, iii .
quality and cost. The tragedy is that a feeder too often neglects “; 
i to consider the statements on the tag, and buys a low-priced feed. »
T _ with the inevitable result that he gets a trashy feed, of low feed- _ unl
ing value. Such practice is false economy. ln reality, he pa}‘S   Val
, more for the nutritious part than if he bought a good, clean an
feed at a somewhat higher price. The Department is striving to its
impress upon feeders the importance of reading and studying pai
— the information given on the oiiicial tags, when selecting feeds- af
j 'l`o mark more conspicuously certain important dil`fvl’· V ing
Y ences in the character of feeds, thereby making easier ill?  
i selection by the purchaser, the Department issues tags acG0l`of, ~ starches occur in certain feedstuffs in predominating amounts.   ·
ost __  The amounts vary in different feedstuffs. The carbohydrate of a I
ely   feedstuff may be digestible or only partly digestible. In order I j   f l
ed- » to distinguish the digestible and the more or less indigestible   ,   1
me- "  carbohydrate, the chemical process for determination of fiber ; I l
ice.  i was devised. Carbohydrate, therefore, is divided into two pa1·ts, I f   .
we i one called fiber, and the other, nitrogren-free extract which is l  
ieir   the difference between the fiber and the total carbohydrate. : 1
>€F· Q Fiber, the indigestible carbohydrate, is the woody portion   s
ent   or structural part of plants and the outer coatings of grain.     °
5 as  ’ When present in large quantity it exerts a retarding infiuence i    
ible i  on the digestibility of nutrients in feedstuffs, and is itself only '    
—.  Slightly digested by animals. Especially is this so with poultry i f
om-   and swine. For animals having small stomachs much fibrous I f
and  , material in a. feed is undesirable. A high percentage of fiber is l f
are  _ a general indication that the percentages of essential nutrients [ f
nall s are low and that digestibility is impaired. High fiber is not '  
>, as  ¥ always objectionable. In fact, for ruminants, roughages, that  
con- i  is, materials that contain a large percentage of fiber, are essen- T l
ites,  e tial. Its chief value appears to lie in its mechancal effect in the ,
imeS  a intestinal tract. But the price of a feed that contains a filler, i {
vent I such as hulls, sweepings, dust, refuse and screenings, is likely to ,
ithe   be about the same as fer a material of good quality. As the I · i
in 3  , feeder usually has an abundance of such materials as hay, fodder {
X in ;  and grasses on his farm, he suffers at financial loss if he buys  
lard- ‘i illJYOuS materials, for his livestock is likely to suffer for lack of i
and » Iiourishment. So a feedstuff having a high content of fiber is f y
Too  L classed as a l