las good as any in the world. Massachusetts has
7,800 square milesof surface-Virginia has t66,-
)00 square miles of horizontal area."
  From this statement of familiar facts, as c in-
cer that if Virginia has not equalled New Eng-
:aud in progress, the fault is in her people and
institutions, and not in her physical condiiion.
  The area of the New England States is thus
Eiven by the best authorities, viz:



Maine,
Newi -am.shire,
Vermont,
Massaclhuselts,
Rhode T1land,
Connecticut,



Square Miles.
    30,000
    9,280
    10,212
    7,500
    l ,206
    4,674



Acres.
19,200,000
6,939,200
6,535,680
4,890,000
  870,400
  2,991,360



Total,              63,026      40,336,640
  The relative condition of New England and
Virginia, at the present time, is shown by the
following statements. They present a compar-
ative view of the substantial elements of pros-
perity, as well as of moral and intellectual im-
provement, in these two sections of the United
States-the one a population of diversified in-
lustrial employments, and improving all their
advantages-the other a population chiefly agri-
,ultural, its manufacturing, mining, and com-
inercial advantages but partially developed, im-
porting from abroad a large portion of the mn an-
ufactures necessary for the supply of its inhabi-
tants, most of whichecould readily and advan-
tageowsly be made within its own borders.
COMPARATIVE VIEW OF TIlE PRESENT CONDITION OF
        NEw ENGLAND AND VIRGINIA.



White population,
Free col'd do
Slaves,



   New England.
1840, 2,212,165
do.     22,633
do.         23



  Total pop. in 1840,  2,234,821
Persons employed In
  Agriculture,          414,138
In Manufactures,         187,258
In Mining,                  811
In Commerce,              17,757
In Navigation,            44,068
In Learned Profes-
  sions,                  11,050
X Whites over 20 years
  of age who cannot
  read and write,         13,041
Students in Colleges,    2,857
  Do in Academies,        43,664
-Scholars in Primary
  Schools,               574,277
Capital employed in
  Manufactures,    86,824,229
In Foreign Commerce, 19,467,793
In Fisheries,         14,691,294
In L-imber Business,  2,096,041
Bankingeapital in '40, 62,134,850



Virginia.
  740,968
  49,872
  448,987

  1,239,827

  318,771
  54,147
    1,995
    6,361
    3,534

    3,866


    58,787
    1,097
    11,083

    35,331

11,360,861
4,299,500
   28,383
   113,210
3,637,400



ESTIMATES OF THE ANNUAL PRObucrs, BY PROF.
    TUCKER, OF VIRGINIA, ON THE BASIS OF
            THE CENSUS OF 1840.



Innual products of
Agriculturc,
)f Manufactures,
Of Commerce,
Xf Mining,



74,749,889
82,784, t85
13,528,740
  3,803,638



59,085,821
8,349,211
5,299,451
3,321,629



POPULATION, ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF
             1830 AN D 1840.



White persons in 1830
Colored do     1830
White   do     1840
Colored do     1840
Increase of whites in
  fifty years,
Increase of colored
  persons in fifty yr's,
Increase of total pop-
  ulation,



1,933,338
  21,378
2,212,165
  22,657

1,219,384



694,300
617,105
740,908
498,829

298,853



5,613     192,636



1,224,997



494,189



  The percentage of increase on the total pop-
ulation in fifty years, in New England, 121 3-10;
in Virginia, 65 6-10.
  We have given above, the estimates of the
comparative products of New Eiigland and Vir-
ginia, made by Prof. Tucker. We subjoin those
of Dr. Ruffner, whois also a Virginian, because
we believe them more correct. He says:
  "By estimating the value of the yearly plo-
ducts of each State, and dividing the same by
the number ofpersons employed in makingthose
products, we find the average value produced by
each person: and by comparing the results of
the calculation for the several States, we discov-
er the comparative productiveness of Agricultur-
al labor in the States. This is what we want
for our argument.
  Professor Tucker, la'e of the University of
Virginia, in his useful book, on the Progress of
Popuilation, c., has given in detail a calcula-
tion of this sorL  He was certainly not partial
to the North in his estimates. We have care-
fully examined them; and think that his valua-
tions of products are in some particulars errone-
ous. We think, also, that he has omitted tome
elements necassary to an accurate result. We
have therefore In our own calculations arrived
at results somewhat different from his; yet so far
as our argument is concerned, the difference is
immaterial. We can therefore assure you, fel-
low-citizens, that no sort of calculation founded
on any thing like truth or reason, can bring out
a result materially different from ours.
  We have not room here for the particulars that
enter into the calculations: we can only give
the results themselves.
  The general results, according to both Mr.
Tucker and ourselves are as follows:
  In New England, agricultural industry yields
an annual value, averaging about one hundred
and eighty dollars to the hand, that is, for each
person employed.
  In the middle States of New York, New Jersey
and Pennsylvania, the average is about two



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