xt74mw28bc0g https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt74mw28bc0g/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1923 journals kaes_circulars_001_1_070_02 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 070 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 070 1923 2014 true xt74mw28bc0g section xt74mw28bc0g » F
5  COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
 P Extension Division
i— THOMAS P. COOPER, Dean and Director
 I
 
I CIRCULAR NO. 70
A (Revised)
 }
 » ALFALFA
 · February. 1923
 · Lexington, Kentucky.
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 · the agriculture of the \\`¤·~t<·rn States. The ease with which
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  yields of exet·ll•·ut I`¤»i‘ug<· uuulc it the oulstaiuliiig f`<»rnge crop
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SOIIIC Cill'l`1l‘l` 11f 111l11S111l11l'll$. ,\1·i1l 11l111s11l111111. s11·11111···1‘ ’ 
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1m;111\-   Q  f<1l‘ 2l1f`2111`:1 :1 1`11111ll1` 111111 1111·1·1· 111` 11111|1 1111 11111 1`;11·111 (11; 11111 1.111-
l1l1\.;1.1,,1f1;  QZ <‘01I1 1ll$111Il1(‘ 111 g1l1‘11l_\' (`1111111_\· 11_v Q'l'<1\\`11lQ' ll 1ill'Q`t‘ 1·I'1111 111
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{11111 s1-1-11s 1111 ;;*1*:1ss1-s; |'ll1lN(`(|l1\`111l)- 11 1s 11111 :111v1s:1l1l.· 111.1-  
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111-11 :1s 111-111;* 1lC111*l1‘ll1. 111 11l111s11l1111·11s.  
Z.1`1111*s/111111 111 g·(`ll1\l'1l1 11 1s 11s1-l1-ss 111 1111111-1*1:1111- 11  **  1
:111:111:1 1111 s1111s 111:11 1111 11111 1·11111:1i11 (‘ill1‘llllll 1·:11·l11111:11e 11;:-   4
$111111* ~. A\lf:1l1`:1 1*1-111111*1-s 1:11*2*1- :11111111111s 111' 1°1111'11ll1l. :111   ‘   1
1`1111111l 111 1-:1l1·111111 1»:11‘l11111:111-_ :11111 111*11l1:1l11_v l`l"lllll`l‘$ 11 111   *  .1
1101111111 {(11.111. 11111- 11111 111. :111`:1l1`:1 11:1}* 1·11111:1111s :11111111 11.11"j»~‘  I- 1
111111111ls 111 <*2lll‘1lllll. :1g:1i11s1 :11111111 1w1-11*0 111 1l1'11*1'11 11111111-1*11.  ii
1-11111 1-1*1111 111` 1i1'1_1*l111sl11-ls. l1l1‘ll11llllQ‘ 1111- S11*\`<‘l`. .\11 :1l1`:1lt`1¤*‘ 1
1 01 1`11111* 1-1111111gs 111-1· s1-:1s1111 111:1)* 1*1-111111·1- 11*11111 11v1- 111 1-*11 T ·  1 Y
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1`1·:1u*1111-111s 111' l1Ill1‘S1111I(‘ 111 111· 111-:11· 1111- S1ll'1.i1¤‘l‘ $1111. #-·f1<‘Z"   a
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j Alfalfa 9
" """i'   i uttttn they may he tl&ttt*. Uttv ts the littttlls—{t1t]><*t‘ test, Wltiwlt is made
l IUI- \ I`i`   2 as fittlltttvs; -\ utoist elw} ot` soil is ht‘okt·u opett. a foltletl strip
l st·ttt·-.. t i ot` hhte littuus-pap··t· t’whit·h ina_t· he ohtaittetl trotu tlruggistslt
.  _· is ins»·t·tt··l att·i the ttt¢·t·¢·s ot` soil art- pt‘t·sst.·<·r·ot· the soil at the plat·e of insertion.
I  , lt is ·l<·uhtt"ul 1t` this test is of tuueh value uuless made by 21
__ _  _` pt·t·s<>n of expet·ieut·e.
  illili  J A test that will show the pt‘esett<·e ot` r·al<·itutt earhottate iu
___M\_\. A t the soil is <·at·t·ietl out itt tlte t`ollowitt;;· mauuer; lu a hall of
` ` A moist soil. make a shallow tlepressiou aud pour iuto it some
kv T4    ` strottgl1_x·tlt·o··ltlt»t·it· at·itl. lt` t·alt·ium t·at·ltouate is preseut. there
Imc lt.} _'  will he au t·tl`et·x·est·euee. lt will not he viuorotts uuless there is
ml   . ‘ it large atuouut ot` <·alt·iutu t·at·l»ottate iu the soil.
hl .t___ . i lly usiuu these two tests itt a t·at·ef`ul mauuer. oue may gain
H iE»t....___»  V Some itlea as to the ue essity t`<»t· applying lime.
_l_uN|p;;__  E Gtwttttttl limestone is l't‘l‘ll) ot 1\zll[\lk1\§.

 1
10 11'011!111·/ry Cl·I`('1ll(l}` N0. 70 y
111 0110 l111111\{2,' t0st 011 1110 EX[1("1`1l11(‘111, Slilllllll 1`111·111 :11 1, ;.   1111
ington, 1110 soil of w11i1·11 is ()1ll}' v1·1·ysl1;11111y i1l'1(1, 1111* 1'111l..~_1_j1; 1 {ll'
yi0l1ls w01·0 1111121111Ull 1'l'l)1ll 111110 1‘1l11111{§S 111 llllillll }'(‘&11`S;   1·11
U111i1n011 soil ....,....1..,.....,,.....,.1.....1......1.. 1.11 tons l11\)' 111~1· 111-1-.1 1 mi
2 t0ns g1·011n11 11Ill(‘S10!l0 11(‘I`1l(‘l`L *... . ...... S.·1 tons 1111y 111·1· 1111-.1 · Us
4 t0ns ground l11ll(‘S1()I1C 111-1· l1.('l`\‘ .........1 9.7 tons l1il)' ]11*l' 111-1..  1 1111
6 tons ground l1lll<‘S10Il0 p01· :11-110 .......... 9.-1 tons 11115* ]1¢‘I` l11‘l‘·; _;  H1,
Th0 11ay 011 1111- nnl1n101l Z1l`l‘i1S always 1·11111ai111·11 21 1,;;   lvm
’ p1‘Op0l'11011 of \\'1·011s 111111 grass 111111 111 1111* l`11(1 111. 1111- 1111···1·1:- 1; V Trix;
p01‘i01l 1110 a11`al1`a 111111 ]11`211'111'21l1}' 11isa11111~:11‘1-11. '1`110 1111`;11;`_1 - ; Shi
*1110 11111011 Q'1'0111111 was l[11llC flllilx 1'1`111ll w1—1—11s. 11111* 111 1110 11~ ..·. 5  ,
gr0wtl1 0f alfalfa w11i1·l1 110111 1110111 ('11(l1{(`(1 1111w11. T
 1 111
Seeding Practices   1111
It is n0t 1111`111·nlt 111 001 Z1 s1an1l (ll- 1111`z111`z1. '1`110 *l`¢`|l\ g»; ·,__1  1 UH
112110 11ni1·1\\' :11111 11as1111·0 g1·11~~~—~1   lh"
just as 0asily 111_1111`(‘1l 11y w01-11s as 1111`a11`a. 11111 1110 1`ll1`llll'l` 11~·1    . O? 
211*0 $0011011 with small grains w1111·l1 1111111 1110 w1·1·1ls in 1-* a   11111
until 1110 0l0y01· 01· grass is 0stal11isl1011. 'l`11is l11t‘1l1111l 111` s ·~—· ii:   Ml
alfalfa has 1101 p1`O\'(‘(1 v1·1·y S211lN1`211‘101‘}', 1111w0x·01·, 1l*l1*"iU  1 [llc
s0011ing_>· in tl10 spring 0n filll-S11\\'1l grains. S1‘1‘1ll11L[' 11111:.»-   Sm
21 sp00ia11y pl`(‘]1l1l'C11 s0011 11011 is YICl1CI`211l}' 1·01·111111n1·111l1·11. 11*1* .i   mh
1 thus $0011011 in tl10 spring w0011s 1nay 111·0v1· \'1’1'}' l1'<111l1l*‘*    gw
1 Cral1g1·ass 211111 fnxtail a1·0 (‘S[)(‘l'11l1l}' 11·0n1110s0n10 in l{1·11t‘1  1 hm
and in s01n0 s0as0ns will pl‘2l<'111‘21ll}' 11<‘S11`(\}' 1111- $1211111. _ O?  
A111·1111{11g0.c of S'11n11111·1· S'001l1`ny. T%1~1·1111s0 111` 1110111111:»t‘ J   gm
11*0011 injury w110n alfalfa is SU\\`ll in 1110 S[1l`111§!`, S1|1111111‘1'* »0~· Wi   sw
i is usually 2l11\'f'11‘211l‘1‘ 1111111111 l`<‘!i`1(11lS, i\l11111S1 111·1·1'1·1·*   i  .— thm
0011*11*01 may 110 S(‘Cll1`C(-1 by su1nn101‘ s0011ing‘. {11111 11 is l111<1*llll‘i' 1-1  fl mu
1110 Szlfcst practis. Sunnnor SOC(1111Q` has (ll1\'111l121}.K`l‘S 11111111   1 {md
Wced COI111‘0l 10 I`OCOHlIl1C11(1 it. Spring s0wn 111-111121 11111*111* V1  ml
1  Q1

 1 F
’ A/fa//:1 11
M L '',,_ tltttms little llil_\’ lll¤‘ tl1'St }`¢'2ll‘ 1ill(l the returns from the land
`,]l(_,.,\i`Ar · m·1·5]||illl. lll Slll1l1ll¢‘l' Stflblllllg; the léllltl <‘2lll he used during the
, _ ` l.;H·l_t·p;11·t ot` the SVIIWPXI tor s111:1ll ;:1*:1i11s or for growing an early
I i lllilllll`ll|K 1·11ltiv:1t1·1l t'l'Ul) sueh as potatoes or lUl)2llJl!0. There is
"""` [|§l|{|ll-\' ntore ti111<· to [ll'1‘}lZll't‘ the lllllll ll1U1'l'lllLi' ll<‘¤'il|lNl‘ ll'l‘|`$ the hest f1]l]lUl`llllIll_\' to ohtain thoro
n llltlvlllilllllll of lll1‘]ll2l||lS. The l‘;X]N‘l`ll|lt'|lt Station ]'Ut‘U]llIIlC]l(lS
tl TV-- §lll[ll[l<'l` seetllllgj lll l{•‘llll|l‘l<_\', <*N]t¢‘¤‘lilll}' t.1>1‘ the i11Cxpe1‘lel)eed
ll` *‘’‘· [-~? s gt-.,tt·,·t·_ ot- \\`llt‘l'l'\'l‘l` the £l$\lIl'£|lll'(' ol` :1 Sll(’l'(T>$l.lll stand is the
tt‘tl.·* l _, 1·hh·t` t'ltll>l¢ll‘l'illlllll,
tim" T 1 .~'1»1/171;; ll'{/It :1 .\`111*.w ('mp. It is the l‘0IlllllU]1 experience
  ot Q`l`ll\\`l'l‘S that :1ll'z1ll`:1 plutttetl on lillltl that has [ll`t'\`l<)llSl)' been
 , i11 11lt`11lt`:1 thrives llt'll\‘l` than the lirst seeding. T11is is unllouht-
l`   p   olly due to the llt'I'l·<‘<‘l llltwllliillllll ot` the sol. A erop of sweet
`  v_''' p` t·lovt~1- will also zive ]lt‘l'l-l‘l‘l ll1¢ll‘lllilllt>l1. It seeins quite prohahle
ml    that the lllll'_\` I'l‘$llllN l.l`lllll seeding: :1lt`:1lt`11 with a
M    _ l1llI‘~t* t'l'llll Ill2I_\' he due to :1 large extent to poor ll1t‘lllillt‘ll. At the lixperiinent Station a very
IMM-   gowl st:111·l ot` 11lt':1ll`:1 has heen tllltillll(‘tl hy sowing i11 wheat 011
{Um   Q; l:1111*ot1·i:1l on soil known to he well ll10t‘lll£1tO:ll'lt‘_\’ is tleeilletlly the hest nurse crop
hw     flllll wheat the next host. Rye is good it` pastured 1*:1tl1e1* heavily
MN pr  i 111 the spring, lf spring oats are used, they Sl10uld be pl2111t€Cl

 t
12 lfenlue/ry ('ireulur No. 70
at about half the usual 1·ate and eut for hay in the milk stay., · I,
Spring barley is regarded as mueh better than oats, 1)ill`lil‘lll;t[‘,;_ tl
the beardless spring barley. Spring—sown grains do not eouqgul , ,,,
weeds 11early as well as winter grains, however, and this is ,,;_ ,,,
important point, as already explained. I,
lt is probably true also that the inability of all`alt`a    . ,,,
alone in the spring to eompete with weeds is due to iinp.·ry`.».~ _j 
inoeulation. When well iuoeulated and on favorable soil _vi.·,;_; Z  1,,
alfalfa plants grow very rapidly and a thiek stand holds t·. .·.t Q.  , I,]
, in cheek quite sueeessfully. At the Experiment Station   [  ,.,,
trials of seeding alone in the spring were not very Slll'4't·ssfi,; A tp
These were made on land that had never been in alfalfa b··:`~:·   nt
In 1921 a tield that had been in alfalfa a few years previo·;;_  ‘i ,1,
was sown in this way. A perfeet stand was seeured and    A th
plants grew so fast that a fair eutting ot` hay was obtaEn»-ti_   pt
early July. \Veeds gave praetieally no trouble, and a  tj he
eutting of hay was obtained in August.   or
Preparation of the Seed Bed "  li,
iqannner Seeding. Sueeess in sunnner seeding neee~~[t.y—  ‘
a very earefully prepared seed bed. lt should be well pnlv··rQ{  l W]
and tirni and should eo11tain sutlieient moisture to insure prerrj ,],,
germination of the seed and rapid growth of the young plan ’ ],,,,
ln order to obtain these eouditions the seed bed should be gr-  I SH,
pared as far in advanee of the time of seeding as possible. A im
Small grain stubble should be broken in early July    A gl-,
soon as the grain erop eau be removed. lt` early tln·eshir.: —   f.,,~
not possible, the grain should be removed so that ]¥I`t‘]¤ill`It`i`.  
of the land will not be delayed. The ground should be plv. *t‘· {  Z out
if at all possible, even if hard and dry, beeause it is theri Ei.   pr;
condition to absorb and hold all rainfall. llisking Il\<~i’~iQ` if lan
before plowing is advisable when the ground is dr_v. 'l`he .i`—}:  I the
and drag should follow the plow elosely to break up the ··l·~Y~ ;_  th-;]
_ before they beeonie dry and hard. lf possible the preparttf;  i ine
of the seed bed should be eoinpleted at onee by further tlisliiili  f pre
and rolling. l"I‘Cf[\lCllll}' small elods eannot. be pulverixed arr]  - is (
IllOiSi0ll(‘(l by a shower, but thoro working after pIowing\\`iii  : Wet
i  L
I

 F
.·I/fttffttl ifi
lc stil:-. ' ll1·ii1:‘tl1t-st- ttl tl1t- s1i1·l`:1t-t- wht-1·t- t-vt-it :1 liuht SllU\\`{‘l' will stlftt-11
lt‘[]l;t[‘l;_ {Mm ul, stl illlll tht·_\‘ t-:111 llt- t‘2l\ll_\' ]tlll\'t*l‘i%t‘tl. A\lI[(‘I' tht; st-t-tl
t't*lliZ'tL t.,.(t it tl1·t-tlttrt-tl. t|1t- Nl||'l·Ht't‘ Nlltlllltl llt- sti1·1·t-tl lightly with ll
li l~ gl; ]t;ll·t·tlw \\‘l1t*l!¤‘\`t‘l' ll l¤t‘t‘*·lll-‘S <'I`llNlt‘tl tll‘ \\‘llt*ll >tltlii ns tht- ll2i_\' t·i‘tl]l