xt75736m0q6m https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt75736m0q6m/data/mets.xml Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 1905 Title from cover.
Imprint varies. journals English Frankfort, Ky. : Capital Office, E. Polk Johnson, 1890-1948. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Annual report. 1905 text Annual report. 1905 1905 2011 true xt75736m0q6m section xt75736m0q6m   p EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT l
         
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V · LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL _ j 
To His Excellency, V 1
Hou. J. C. W. BECKHAM, . ~' i  
Governor of Kentucky. S  
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Under the authority of the Board of Control, and in accordance A A r 
with an act of Congress, approved March 2, 1887, and entitled “An {
Act to establish Agricultural Experiment Stations in connection 1 I
with the Agricultural Colleges established in the several States,  
under the provisions of an act approved July 2, 1862, and under
the acts supplementary thereto," and of the act of the Legislature
of the State of Kentucky, approved February 20, 1888, and entitled A
MAH Act to accept the provisions of an Act passed by the Congress U {
of the United States, approved March 2, 1887, for the establish-
ment and maintenance of Agricultural Experiment Stations in
’ connection with the Agricultural Colleges established by the several · i
. States and Territories under an Act of Congress, approved July 2,  
1862," I herewith submit the Eighteenth Annual Report of the 1
A Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.  
I Very respectfully,
M. A. Soovnni., Director.
I
A A E
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  Agncultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky
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  BOARD OF TBUSTEES -
  His Excellenc Gov. J. C. W. BECKHAM, ex-Officio Chairman.
LEE   · yj _
  JAMES K. PATTERSON, President of the College, ex-OfHcio. .
  A JUDGE HLENRY S. BARKER, Louisville, Jefferson County.
  HON. TIBBIS CARPENTER, Scottsville, Allen County.
  HON. MODOUGAL FERGUSON, Paducah, McCracken County.
  HON..JOIIN F. HAGER, Ashland, Boyd County.
  l HON. ROBERT Y\l.·NELSON, Newport, Campbell County.
  SJUDGE YVILLIAM C. BELL, Harrodsburg, Mercer County.
  HON. CASSIUS M. CLAY, Paris, Bourbon County.
  JUDGE GEORGE B. I{INKEAD, Lexington, Fayette County.
 _    JUDGE JOHN MCCHORD, Lebanon, Marion County.
  HON. WILLIAM B. BAMSEY, London, Laurel County. ,
  BASIL M. BROOKS, ESQ., Slaughtersville, Webster County.
  Di&\'ID F. FIKIXZEE, ESQ., Lexington, Fayette County.
  HON; FRANK A. HOPKINS, Prestonsburg, Floyd County.
  CHARLES B. NICIPIOLS, ESQ., Lexington, Fayette County.
S ~;   ‘ _
; ;f  JUDGE ROBERT L., STOUT, Versailles, Woodford County.
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‘ y ' LIST OF OFFICERS _ tl
I Board of Control _'  
GEORGE B. KINKEAD, Chairman, Lexington, .Ky.  
D. F. FRAZEE,vLexington, Ky. _ _ .
C. B. NICHOLS, Lexington, Ky. A _r I I
J. K. PATTERSON, President of the College. n A I  
. M. A. SCOVELL, Director, Secretary.  
Station Staff A ’  
J M. A. SCOVELL, Director and Chemistf _ . i  
A. M. PETER, Chemist. I
H. E_ CURTIS, Chemist, Fertilizers. _ · ‘  
H. GARMAN, Entomologist and Botanist.  
J_ N. HARPER, Agriculturist. `
YV. H. SCI—IERFFIUS,' Chemist. .
R. M. ALLEN, Secretary, Food Division, - · F i
J. D. TURNER, Secretary. '
J. O.‘LA BACH, Chemist, Food Division.
MISS MARY L. DIDLAKE, Ass’t Entomologist and Botanist. I
S, D. AVERITT, Assistant Chemist. `
O. M. SHEDD, Assistant chemist. · 
G. N. KELLER, Ass’t Entomologist and Botanist. 1
H. VVOOSLEY, Supt. Farm Experiments. » I
MISS LILLVIE LISTON, Lihrarian. _  
H. XV. TAYLOR, Ass’t Entomologist and Botanist. E
J. W. NUTTER, Dairyman. i
A V Address of the Station, I
LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY.
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    The Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station
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  In Account with the United States Appropriation.
  To receipts from the Treasurer of the United States as per
  appropriation for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1905, as per Act
  of Congress, approved March 2, 188*7. plvr $15,000.00
  Expenditures : y 1
  By Salaries ......... _ ...... . .   .·. .$11,650.00
  if Labor ............ . ........... 242.16
  Publications ......... . .... . . . V. . 1,224.84
  . Postage and stationery ....... .. . . 216.*70 .
  Freight and express ............. 49.71 -
  Heat, light, water and power ...... 400.13
  1 Chemical supplies ........ A ...... 184.52
    A Seeds, plants and sundry supplies. . 127 .46
      Library .......... . .... . ....... 370.20
·      Tools, implements and machinery. . 24.60
  Furniture and fixtures ........... 85.50 I
 i  Scientific apparatus ............. 25.60
    Traveling expenses ...... . ....... *75.*73
  ` Contingent expenses ............ 116.35 ‘
  Building and repairs ........ . .... 206.50
—    -——-—$15,000.00
  _ We, the undersigned, duly appointed Auditors of the corpora-
  tion, do hereby certify· that we have examined the books and ac-
  counts of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station for the ‘
  fiscal year ending June 30, 1905; that we found the same well kept
    and classified as above, and that the receipts for the year from the
  Treasurer of the United States are shown to have been $15,000.00
  and the corresponding disbursements $15,000.00, for all of which
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Kentucky Agrtculturql Experiment Station vii t -
proper vouchers are on file and have been by us examined and Z
i found correct. l,tet '
And we further certify. that the expenditures have been solely e ._
‘ · for the purposes set forth in the Act of Congress, approved Merch ‘ I
2, 1887. ‘ p » ..
. (Signed) '  
. Gnonon B. Krnxmn, ·. { 
(SEAL) D. F. FRAZEE, _` ~ 
Y Auditors. =
Attest: » y A _ · 1
D. C. Fmznn. _ ` . i é
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  ·A.» . ANNUAL REPORT OF THE V
    O·“‘ i   * . .
  Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Stauon
 ‘ Foa THE YEAR 1905
  {
  v - REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR
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  The Station is divided into the following divisions: _
  _ Division of Chemistry. g _
 ·· Division of Entomology and Botany.
  Division of Agriculture.
  Division of Horticulture.
  Division of Animal Husbandry.
  Division of Fertilizer Control Work.
  ` Division of Food Control Work.
  Station Sta#kThere have been a number of changes in the V
    Station Staff during the year. On July 1, Mr. J. N. Harper, Agri-
  culturist, resigned to accept the position of Director of the Agri-
  cultural Department in Clemson College and Director of the South
LQ  Carolina Ex eriment Station. His osition has been filled b `
.  $3., P P Y
T    the selection of Mr. W. H. Scheriiius as Agronomist of the Station
 _.  . and head of the Agricultural Division. Mr. G. N. Keller resigned
  . as Assistant Entomologist and Botanist September 1, to accept the
  position of Tobacco Expert of the Irish Government. Mr. H. W.
  _ Taylor has been selected to iill the vacancy made by the resignation '
  of Mr. Keller.
  The loss of men who have become acquainted with the work
 §‘  of the Station is not conducive to the best work of the Station and
F  it brings up the question whether more decided action is not [

 y T Kentucky Agricultural Ecvperiment Station · ix  
necessary in order to keep our men with us. There is new a  
great demand for 1nen of abilitiy by the various Experiment Sta- ·‘
· tions. i · i » 7 _.
i Theiwork of the several divisions during the year may be sum- ‘·'
marized as follows: [ _ » y _,
Chemical Division. The Chemical Division has made 230 com-  
plete analyses, mostly of soils and waters. Also a large number of ~
samples of minerals. rocks and other materials have been examined `  
and reported. . A V , 7
Fertiiizcr Division. During the year 574 samples of fertilizer ‘  
were analyzed in this division. The number. of brands registered ‘  
was 358, representing ei-0 firms. There were printed during the ‘ 
year 745,968 tags, which were sent tothe various iirms doing busi- i  
ness in the State. _ A ' A l  
_ Division of Entomoiogy and Botany. Experiments with nodule l
_ bacteria have been continued. Work in the vivarium on seed in- ‘ {
sects has also been continued and a large amount of interesting » Q
material is being gathered on their life histories and methods of {
destroying them. The Divisionof Entomology and liiotany-is en-
gaged upon the following subjects: Nursery inspection; seed in- _ l
speetion;I the microscopic exainination of foods for the Food Di- 1
vision; a study of seed insects and remedies therefor: nodule bac- T I
teria experiments; forage tests and studies; rotation experiments; {
* a study of clover diseases; a study of the weeds of Kentucky; a y
· study of methods of handling bees and rearing queens; experi- · 
· ments withlartiiicial shades; a study of the distribution and life I
i history of the Hessian fly in Kentucky; and a. study of the pests  
' i ofyoung trees. V 4 · ` t ‘ ‘ V 
L Ender the seed law, 297 samples of seeds im-et been examined.  
l ‘ Of this number, 13 were found to be adulterated.
* Under the Nursery Inspection law. the nurseries of the State
- have been iiismzgteyl during the year. y
l V Food Diisision. iEight hundred and twelve samples of food have
.\ been analyzed. Number on hand not analyzed, 86. Number of
; i unoliicial samples analyzed, BL Total number of samples re- y
[ i eeived, 929. l I
[; { Five hundred and seventy samples were taken from the market E
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. - v   x Eighteenth Annual Report of the j§
t _V »   X I _ for analysis during the year of 1905; 207 of these were found to be  
V _. T . L adulterated. 199 adulterations were reported to the State’s At- .
j I ; x . torneys. 104 cases have been terminated in the courts by verdicts _
  .. . l   "confessed." 51 cases are still pending. In one case only has ·
r · _i’·     there been a verdict of "not guilty.” Seven cases have been dis- —
    -     I missed by reason of defective indictments, but in- these instances
  ·   { the grand jury has reindicted. .
l o - ig     ._ The division is conductin an investi ation of the milk su l ‘
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t pj ._:_.1,   Z V V of Kentucky and this work covers the location and condition of all .
  _.`e E ‘-_*   dairies and depots and quality of milk produced. In Louisville
  V jy,TL    we have found 100 dairies in or near the city limits. These dairies
   Qi 4 feed distillery slop and stable the cows throughout the year in
    · dark and unclean barns. V
t Z   .e... Q:/at   ; The ure food work is showinv results in the Statel Durin
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      the ear man circulars have been sent to the trade. A bllllétill
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    ___.   E . , on labels has been published and below is given my report to the _
        Governor for 1904 and 19053
  i it ,
is   .;y,   HVON, J. O. W. BECKHAM,
  " ° .‘_._A l     l Governor of Kentucky,
lea ··.’ Y  Frankfort, Ky.
  DEAR $111;-Under section 6 of chapter 13 of the Acts of the
  General Assembly of 1900, I submit a report of the Pure Food
  Work of the Station for the year 1904 and for the year 1905 to
  December 1. The report also contains a summary of the work of ·
  1903 which was not included in my former report. ~
  Former reports have called attention to adulterations and
gre  roseeutions. This re ort will show in addition some ood results
F     wr,. P P sg
yjifijjr  of the work of former years. .
  Total number of samples analyzed in 1903 ............ ; .... 824
  Number found to be adulterated ...................... 276
  Number reported to courts ........................... 206
  I Total number of samples analyzed in 1904 ................. 508 _
  Number found to be adulterated ...................... 145 ·
  Number reported to courts ........................... 96
  Total number of samples analyzed in 1905 to December 1 ..... 570
r.¤¤=i.r—;r¤~¤s sails? ·
  Number found to be adulterated ...................... 207
  i».·   .
_·-ew; __   Number reported to couits ........................... 199
l‘v==¤··:·;s.·..}.<5§:$;;~ 1*-
=·.  Total number now before courts being pushed for prosecution. . 190
 
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_ _ Kentucky Agrtcultumt Experiment Station xi  
The samples taken for inspection, examination and analysis .
have covered a wide field of products, but special attention has  
been given to meats, milk, fruit products, canned goods, vinegars, .
_‘ syrups, flavoring extracts, pickles, pepper and other spices. ` .
More attention has been given to milk than any other product. "l
As it is used extensively as food for invalids and infants, the  
greatest care should be exercised in keeping it pure. When the food  
law first went into effect, we found much of the milk sold in the "
_ markets to beadulterated. Preservatives were used extensively. ,i 
Skim milk was often sold as whole milk, and milk to which an ~
adulterant had been.added to give it the consistency and artificial »
color to give it the appearance of cream was being sold as genuine ·  
cream. A careful inspection of the milks for the past three years ’ , J
has had a marked effect. ‘ {
In our late inspections we have found but one sample of milk 4 
to contain formaldehyde and one to contain boracic acid., Some V 3
cases, however, of adulteration by the addition of skim milk have _ " 
been detected and few samples have been found to be watered. l
So far as preventing the addition of preservatives or other adul- A I
terations of milk, the law has been found effective, but still the  
milks on the markets in our towns and cities are not as pure as i
they should be. Milk is easily contaminated. Milk from cows kept
in filthy stables is not a wholesome food. Carelessly washed _milk
vessels or unclean surroundings in its handling may cause the g
milk in a whole dairy to be nnwholesome and often dangerous to y
health. Washing milk vessels in contaminated spring water was I
the cause of several deaths from typhoid fever in Lexington last I
summer. lnspection, therefore, of milk must go further than to y
ascertain whether it is adulterated by the addition of water or skim l
V milk or preservatives. The dairy itself and its surroundings should [
be inspected as well as the dairy herd. Perhaps of late years too ` l
much stress has been put upon the healthy condit-ion of the dairy l
cow and not enough on the cleanliness in handling the milk. No  
· cow should be in the herd that is not` healthy, but to this end it is l
‘ not essential that cows should be inspected every month or two l
by a veterinarian to ascertain whether they have tuberculosis or i
not. Once or twice a year is quite sufficient for this, but the barn [
and all dairy utensils should be kept thoroughly clean at all times. 1
. The milk supplies of Louisville, Covington, Newport, Lexing-
· ton. Paducah and other large towns are now being looked into with i
the view of mapping out and giving reports on the hygienic condi-
tion of each. The Louisville situation presents quite a problem.
There are some sixty dairies witlrin the city. The continuous sta- »
· bling of cows. fed largely on distillery slop in stables of poor ven-
tilation and poor sewerage, necessarily tends to produce milk that  
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    P , xii Eighteenth Annual Report of the -  
j   . l y might be easily contaminated or made unwholesome. The- Station’s
;   `first work in taking _up this _problem is in co-operation with the
1   . dairymen. They. have agreed to co-operate in the work ·and the
      . attorney of the Dairymen’s Protective Association states: "I.have ·
Q.;  just had a conference with the president of the Dairymen’s Pro- '
  tective Association, who says that his association is more than .
g     willing to comply with your request; that they want todo every- ‘
    thing they can to assure pure milk to their consumers, and to let V
    - the public know that their milk is pure, and if you can aid them
  f in any way, they will be glad to accept your suggestions? _
V y — Seine dairy cows are kept on a pasture near Georgetown through
  which runs a stream and into this stream at least apart of the
  ” ‘ sewerage of Georgetown is emptied. This stream is the source of
  water supply for the cows andin the hot weather they stand in
  this stream and switch the water over their udders and other parts
  of their bodies. A typhoid fever epidemic might result from the
    using of the milk from this herd if the contaminated water should
  . contain any typhoid fever germs. Not probably by the typhoid
    4-·— 5 feycr germs getting into the system of the cows and then into the
  milk, but rather by the cows getting the germs on their udders,
§`   y tails and other parts of their bodies by standing in the water and
l.,g.ig.._ these germs falling in. the milk during milking. Such conditions
  should not exist- Thislillustrates the necessity of a thorough and
  careful inspection, not only of the milk, but of the herd and its
  surroundings. ' ·
  During the year we have made a thorough examination of meat
jg;  ·— products, including fresh meats, sausages and lards. In many cases
  we found boracic acid used as a preservative and artificial color ,
  _ used, especially in sausages. Since being notified of our results,}
  the packers have agreed to put up meat products for .Kcntucky
  withoutboracic acid, and to this end one firm has `installed a sepa-
  _ rate department in its Chicago plant for Kentucky meats, while
  . several other firms are packing their meats for sale in Kentucky
i   in Louisville. Our late inspections show that the packers are now ‘ -
  complying with the law. ‘ i _
  _ ` 'l`he reason for using color and boracic acid in meats is thus
 M ;  stated in ra letter from one of the packing-house firms to the Sta-
  - _ tions: "Color andboracic acid have been so universally used and _
  advertised so openly that it seemed as though they were used by the
  manufacturer as a matter of course. ln fact, he was compelled to ‘
  I use them in order to make goods of the same keeping qualities ·
  and color as his competitor. Goods containing a little boracic .,
  ‘ acid will keep fresh somewhat longer and colored goods have a.
  little brighter appearance than uncolored.”
 S  With the elimination of preservatives and color from meat pro- ·
 
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Kemfucfsy Agricultuml Experiment Station xiii  
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lg ducts, competition becomes a matter of quality and purity, which  
[6 is the basis on which all products should be sold. Color is often ,
re used in foodproduets to cover inferiority and to make a product _ T
)_ . appear superior m. quality. By the use of artificial colors and pre- -i
servatives, inferior goods and partly decomposed products may be `“
H k used to make up various articles for sale, as tomato catsup, pre- _,
Q serves, etc., and it is wise that our law prohibits either color or "
“ antiseptics without the. label so stating it. The eEect of the en- f
H forcement of the law has nearly driven out coal tar dye and anti- y Z 
h septics from food products in this State, and what this means is ‘ 
best told by the manufacturers in the1rQ own words. Says one: e
[G "We formerly used coal tar dye in. our tomato soup, but during the ·  
tf season of 1905 and henceforward, the use of coal tar dye and ben- y y
gl zoate of soda will be entirely discontinued in this product, for we 4 
S have arranged to make it entirely from, fresh tomatoes in the height  
le of the packing season which enables us to produce a palatable look- · ]
d ing article without the color and relieves usf of the necessity of put- `T 
d ting away stock and preserving with benzoate of soda to prevent L
[G fermentation." , A 1
S> Says another: "The injudicious, unintelligent and also unscru-  
d pulous manner in which such agents are employed is, without doubt ¤
is a menace to the health and welfare of the general public, not only l
d because of the presence of the antiseptic in excessive quantities,
fs but also on account of the quality of the stuff it is made possible to i
purvey eonsumers." {
lt y One important result in the inspection of meat products is the
5S labeling of lard substitutes to distinguish them from pure lard.
’1` i These substitutes are made from cotton seed oil and can be pro- {
Sz duced much cheaper than lard. When the law first went into effect, i
Y samples of lard substitutes were purchased as "pure lard" at llc 1
L‘ and 12c per pound. The same products are now selling for Ge `
le and Tc per pound since they were labeled to show their true char- i
?Y acter. This is but an instance of how honest labeling reduces the  
W ` ` prices of wholesome imitations. `  
The Pure Food law also covers feeding stuffs, that is, food for i
IS domestic animals. During the year we have analyzed Sl samples  
l" of concentrated feeding stuffs. Six of these samples were found to l
fl _ be adulterated. A sample of shorts sold to a dairyman was found 1
l€ to contain 25 per cent. of corn cob meal, which, for feeding pur-
$0 ` poses, is much inferior to shorts. Another sample was found to T
§S · contain nearly half of its bulk of corn cob meal. Three samples of
LC   shorts in Louisville from different firms contained about   per
21 . cent. of adulteration, reducing their feeding value to almost one- i
‘ fourth. A sample of cotton seed meal. was found to contain 50
i- · per cent. of an adulterant. A food being sold under the name of I
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I ‘     _ xiv Eighteenth Annual Report of the   A
—~ ~ A i   · "corn and oat feed" was found to be a very inferior food and not
  ..   UT   . _ as valuable as hay for the amount of protein it contained. The
{   L ’ adulterants used in these feeding stuffs usually are ground corn _
{   _i Q. tg; I _ stalks, rice hulls, oat hulls and other by-products obtained from ·
i V       l breakfast food factories. The law does not prohibit the sale of bran
  * §   mixed with such products, but it compelsithe seller to label the   U
{ i`     . . product either adulterated bran or a mixed food in which the com-
[ f`   y ` position is given. Ground corn cobs, hulls of various grains, as ·
i' .- V §1i‘   _ breakfast food products, have some feeding value as roughage, but
i *   . the feeder generally has plenty of roughage as fodder, straw, and
l     hay. The benefit of such adulteration, therefore, comes to the ’
  _ grinder and dealer in the sale of such mixtures as a pure article,
{g_':§§j~.3I {fr s and not the feeder.
ig ·._rf   In January last, one of the dairymen at Elizabethtown called
  ?jg;;gjQ,~ our attention to suspicious bran being sold at Elizabethtown. Upon
gQT·‘f —‘_.   immediate investigation, we found that the bran was a mixture of_
    .i.. bran and corn cob meal. It was sold to the farmer as bran. It
 l-;".Qj{_·§-$7 _ was kept in the store properly labeled, so that when our inspector
  g- r examined it he found it labeled in accordance with the law. It
  appears, however, that whenever this bran was sold to the farmer ‘
[Q-1{ '’'· ` {   the label was taken off as the sacks were loaded into the wagon,
{*;Q;i;_—i·;l!»;L_t;L?.  and the farmer was ignorant of the fact that he was buying a mix-
gpg _»-‘; Q     ture of this bran and corn cob meal. Our investigation resulted in
*-__   the dairymen being settled with at a fair value for the mixture.
li  The dealer has gone out of business. Careful inspection of feed
  for] domestic animals should save the [farmers thousands of dollars
    eac 1 year.
    During the time of this report, the Station has been called upon
  to co-operate in the establishment of food standards by the United
  States Government, in the work of the International Pure Food
  Congress at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and also in the
    work of the Association of State Food Control Officials to unify
  State Pure Food laws. The standards which have been so
  far adopted by the Secretary of Agriculture in carrying out the
  laws of the United States on imports, I have adopted as food
  standards of Kentucky in accordance with section 4 of the food I
  law and they are included in this report. These standards have
  · been adopted after a careful examination of thousands of analyses
  of food products and the investigations of food experts all over .
  , the country and after giving full hearing to the manufacturers in- ·
  terested who have personally come before the United States Stand- ‘
  ards Commission to present their views. _
  The sale of spirit vinegar as apple vinegar has been somewhat
  difficult to control. The manufacturers label the barrels properly,
  and probably sell to the jobbers and retailers as spirit vinegar, but
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{again ,_  
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i Kentucky Agiicultmat Ezvperiment Station xv l i
t when a customer calls for a gallon of apple vinegar of his grocer, ,.2
9 he sometimes gets vinegar drawn from a barrel labeled spirit vin- ·
3 egar, as the results of our analyses of vinegars in the report here , _
1 y show. But the attempt on the part of the retailer to deceive in this 1; I
1 way is growing less each year.
, Jellies, jams, preserved fruits and fiavoring extracts have been ·.
i quite generally inspected and examined. And while we find a large "`
S amount of inferior goods on the markets, they are being quite gen- I
E ' erally labeled to show just what they are, and therefore when ~’ 
1 bought the purchaser has a knowledge of just what they are. There ` 
3 is no doubt, however, but that the sale of these inferior articles is }
" rapidly growing less. _ The consumer prefers a pure article, even ‘ l
’ if it costs more. He does notwish to be knowingly cheated,-and i g
I when the label tells him that an article is adulterated or a mixture,  
I he generally refuses to purchase, but selects the pure. `  
E Our law is effective. The courts have at all times upheld its Q. 
b provisions and we have little complaint on the part of the manu-  
_ facturers as to its fairness. .
L When the retailer purchases goods from out of the State, how- . }
_ ever, he is held responsible if the goods are not labeled according i
` to the law, regardless of any guarantee. This is often a hardship ` ‘
Z on the retailer. The majority of prepared food products are arti-
L cles of interstate commerce, and it is a fair proposition that »such 1
products should be truthfully labeled in every respect and labeled .
j to show the presence of any adulteration before such products are _ I
_ allowed shipment from one State into another. If food products
' were so labeled before they enter our State, the retailers would
know the exact character of the products which they sell, and there
' would then be no hardship in holding the retailer responsible for j
‘ the sale of adulterated products. A national Pure Food Law would _ 1
I be of great assistance in the just enforcement of the provisions of {
[ our own law. l
The analyses herein cover a largenumber of food products and ` 
the results include a large fund of information concerning the I 
l quality, purity and condition of food products on sale in the State.  
This information should be in the hands of the people of the State, I
especia.lly the retail groeers and all health officers and other citi-
zens interested in bringing about the sale of pure food. The report
is not only intended to show what food products are adulterated, y
f but also those that have been found to be pure, and the report is
intended for the manufacturer and dealer as well as the consumer.
In its preparation we have endeavored to make it a handbook of
information for consumers, dealers, and manufacturers. I would ’
· respectfully recommend, therefore, that a large edition of the re-
port be printed for distribution. i
I

     xvi Eighteenth Annual Report of the ~  
    The work is in charge of the Food Division of the Station. Mr. D
I   V R. M. Allen, head of the division, has ehargepof inspection and
Q1   court work. Mr. J. O. La Bach, chief chemist of the division, has 1
    charge of the chemical work. The microscopiéal examinations have
  been made under the direction of Prof. H. Garman
gg jj; ‘ Respectfully submitted,
  _.~·   M/ A. SCOVELL, Director. .
    Agricultural Division. A On the fa m we are continuing our ex- ‘
  periments in breeding tobacco, especia ly the burley types, and corn. V
  ` Variety tests of wheat and hemp are eing continued; also experi- .
  ments in the dairy line. A A ` ` ·_ ' 1
  Publications. We have publishe during the year the follow-
  ing bulletins: ·
  Bulletin NO. 118. J
  · oem. . .
  Bulletin No. 119. ‘
  Labels on Adulterated and I1·7’itation Foods sold in Kentucky.
it   Bulletin No. 120.
  1. Some Tree and Wood llnfesting-Insects. `
  2. Cabbage Snakes. /
  Bulletin No. 121. fi "
  Commercial Fertilizers. /
  Bulletin NO. 122. ·/
F    Corn+ A
  1. A Method of Selecting Seed Corn.
  2. A Chemical Studyof the Composition of a Number
  of Varieties of Kentucky Corn.
  Bulletin No. 123. _
    Commercial Fertilizers.
  The bulletins published during the year are appended herewith
 ~ ;  and then follow the analyses of the general work of the Station _
  that are deemed of most interest. After this the Meteorological X
  data will be found,.
  ’ M. A. Soovumz, Director.
    2 Lnxmeron, KY., Aug. 23, 1906.
  Du. M. A. Soovumi, Director. i
  DEAR S1R:—-The work of the general chemical laboratory in
Q  · ` ~ y .

 l
4 l
l
· . Kenzfuclry Agrzicultuml .E9J[)C}‘tHl.C’}lt Siatioii, xvii F ‘ 
1005 comprised some 230 analyses which 1nay be classified as  
T follows: 1 V '
Soils ........................ . ........................ 57   4
Corn ................. . .............................. 53 V Q
_ Mineral and potable waters ...... I ......................... 65 _ · t. 
. Forage plants . . .. ....................................... 3  
Butter from churn tests ......V . .......................... 6 . 
Limestones and marls ........ ’ ........................ _ ..._ t 4 ~  
Coals ........................... . .................... 13 1
Clays ........... . ._ ...... .. ........................... ., 7 4  
lron, steel, and alloys ................................... 9 I  
Ores and minerals ` .......   .............................. 5 * L
Miscellaneous (tobacco stems, oil, paint, poison, human milk, 4 . 
whisky) ........... ,; ...... . ........ . ..............   s  
.._ 1
Total ....... . ........... . ...................... 230  
I · |
The analyses of corn were made by Mr. W. H. Scherfiius and '  
have been published in Bulletin No. 122. Those of soils have been 4
published in Bulletin No. 126. The analyses of forage plants. 4
butter, mineral waters, and of one sample of leaehed tobacco stems
are herewith submitted for publication in the Eighteenth Annual
Report under the heading "i\Iiscellancous Chemical Analyses,"
page   Besides the analyses enumerated, a large number of
specimens of minerals, rocks and other materials have been ex-
amined and reported upon to the senders without formal entry on ‘
` the records of the laboratory. ·
Most of the analyses were made by Mr. Averitt with his usual
ctiieiency. He was assisted part of the time by Mr. H. L. Amoss.  
a graduate of this college. p  
l Very respectfully, _ l
l Q ;\].l·`l{lil) M. l)l·Z'|‘liI<. 4
l . .
‘ l
l

 iit ‘ e e KENTucKv Q
Agricultural Experiment Station  i 
OF THE ` ' ‘ L I 
State College gf Kentucky. _» l  
` 
»_ •
Bu|.1.ET¤N No. 118. 4 l  
t 1
i CORN. `
new Tests. `  
‘ 5
Laxmcrom, Kzwrucxv.
. i March 1, 1905. [
_ V1 i V
” Q

  if . K `*T
El  
gfli » ·
s g. ;·- i —.
   3 r
T;.   ‘ KENTUCKY
;;.§i§ { Agricultural Experiment Stat1o11.
  § BOARD OF CONTROL.
      GEO. B. KINKEAD, Chairman, Lexington, Ky.
jj  , D. F. FRAZEE, Lexington, Ky. . .
  l 0. B. N1oHOLs, Lexington, Ky. _ ~
  J. K. PATTERSON, President of the College.  
  M. A. SCOVELL, Director, Secretary. ’/ V
  { sTATioN 0FF|cERs. _,/
  ` M. A. SCOVELL, Director and Chemist. ge;
    { A. M. PETER, Chemist.  
    H. E. CURTIS, Chemist, Fertilizers.  
  I H. GARMAN, Entomolog