1815.

INDIAN COUNCIL AT PORTAGE DES SIOUX.

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Sacs of Rock river, and give them no aid, until peace shall be concluded between them and the United States.

The United States on their part promise to allow the Sacs of the Missouri river, all the rights and privileges secured to them by the treaty at St. Louis.

The next day, September 14th, a treaty was made with the Fox tribe of Indians. The conditions place these Indians on the same footing they were before the war, and they also re-establish and confirm the treaty of St. Louis, of 1804. On the 12th of September, treaties were made with the Great and Little Osage nations, in which every act of hostility by either of the contracting parties against the other, was to be mutually forgiven and forgot. The treaty of 1808, made at "Fort Clark," on the Missouri, was re-confirmed.

On the 16th of September, a treaty was made with the Ioway Indians, on the same conditions as with the other hostile tribes.

On the 28th day of October, a treaty was made with the Kansas nation, on the same terms.

The Sacs of Rock river, led by the noted brave, Black Hawk, even now and subsequently refused to attend the treaty, proclaimed themselves to be British subjects, and went to Canada to receive presents.

A careful examination of these, and all other Indian treaties, Bince the great council of Greenville, in 1795, with full and correct knowledge of the historical events, will enable every unprejudiced person to perceive that the course of procedure on the part of the government of the United States, with the aborigines of the northern portion of our country, has been highly paternal, beneficent and liberal. The conduct of Great Britain cannot be brought in comparison. In justice and equity, the United States might have made and enforced remuneration in lands as a penalty for the hostilities committed, but the language in each treaty is, "that every injury or act of hostility, shall be forgiven and forgot."

The war being over, and the Indian tribes of the North-West being deprived of their distinguished British ally, and having consented to be at peace, confidence was restored to the frontier settlements, and emigration again began to push into the forests and prairies.

The campaigns of the rangers and mounted volunteers, who had traversed the groves and prairies of Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Michigan, served as explorations of new and fertile countries, and 59