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U Regulatory Bulletin lél
Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station
University of Kentucky
Lexington

 FEED AND FERTILIZER DEPARTMENT
KENTUCKY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
Bruce Poundstone, Head of Department
Robert Mathews, Asst. Adm. Sz Chief Inspector J
Guy P. Zickefoose, Auditor -Inspector x
*David M. Daugherty, Registration Inspector V
W. J. Huffman, Acting Relgistration Inspector
FIELD INSPECTION
Otis R. Wheeler Neville Hulette Noel J. Howard
M. M. Davis W. M. Routt
LABORATORY
Harry R. Allen J. A. Shrader Lela Gault
Valva Midkiff **Gary R. Leslie Norma Holbrook
J. T. Adair Dewey H. Newman, Jr. Robert N. Price
Jo Ann Dawson
CONTENTS Page
Introduction ............. . ............ 3
Microscopic Examination of Feeds ................ 3
Urea ............................. 4
Recommendations for Registration and Preparation of Labels
for Medicated Feeds .,.................. 5
Estimated Tonnage of Sales by Class of Feed, Kentucky, 1959 .... ll
Average Composition of the More Common Feedstuffs ....... 12
Miscellaneous Samples Analyzed in 1947-1959 ..... . ..... 14
Table 1 - Report of Official Feed Samples Analyzed 1959 ...... 15
Table Z - Samples Classified as "Not Passed" ........... 24
*David M. Daugherty on leave of absence since May 1, 1959
**Resigned in 1959
This report compiled and prepared by Robert Mathews and Bruce Poundstone.
Analytical data by the laboratory staff.

 Commercial Feeds in Kentucky, 1959 3
INTRODUCTION
` This bulletin contains the results of inspection and analyses of samples of
commercial feeds sold in Kentucky during the calendar year 1959 and other infor-
mation helpful to those interested in this field.
During this period, 578, 148 tons of commercial feed were reported as dis-
tributed in the state of Kentucky. Of this tonnage, approximately 3/4 was mixed
V · feed or formula feed and l/4 straight products, such as, soybean products, wheat
products, etc.
In the mixed feed category, poultry mashes accounted for over 40% of the total
with dairy feed and swine feed tying for second place each accounting for approxi-
` mately 20%. In straight products, wheat products lead in importance, followed
i by corn products, molasses and soybean products. These figures are given in
the table on page 11 of this publication.
Since 1920, the tonnage of all feeds sold in Kentucky has increased from
around 200, 000 tons to over 600,000 tons. lt has fluctuated around 600,000 tons
during and since the period of World War II. A table showing the tonnages of
feeds by types by years for most of the years since 1920 is available by writing
to the Department of Feed and Fertilizer.
During the year 1959, 4, 347 samples of feed were secured by inspectors.
This is the largest number of samples taken in any one year. With this large
number of samples and the larger number of analyses involved, detailed pub-
lished quarterly reports on all samples was discontinued. Instead, the number
of samples for each company found to be satisfactory is indicated by total only
. (Table 1). Those samples that were unsatisfactory are listed in Table 2, begin-
ning on page 24.
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF FEEDS
(See Cover)
It is important that the guarantee placed on a bag of feed be a true picture
of the contents of that bag. -
The use of the microscope as a means of identifying the ingredient content
of a feed was in the minds of those interested in the Kentucky Feed Law as it
was first considered in 1906. After the law had passed the legislature and while
it was awaiting signature on the Govern0r‘s desk, Dr. M. A. Scovel, Director
of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, wrote a letter to Mr. Benjamin
Hart, of St. Louis, Missouri, in which he said: "ln all probability we will need
_ an assistant chemist * * *1 have you in mind. * * * There is a question on
·. whether the chemist for this work should not be a microscopist also. *'* * Have
you had any microscopic work to do and could you take up that work in case you
came with us ?"
Mr. Hart subsequently accepted the position offered by Dr. Scovel and he
became the first person employed having this specific responsibility. The work
of feed microscopy in Kentucky from 1906 through 1917 was carried on by one or
more chemists or botanists here at the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station
as a part of other work. In 1918 the first full-time microscopist was employed
and since that date Kentucky has had seven full-time feed microscopists.
Kentucky, therefore, was one of the pioneers in this method of analysis.
Nearly all states now use some form of microscopic analysis along with the
chemical analysis. It has proven to be as valuable to the farmer and honest
manufacturers as any other form of analysis. The farmer is assured the feed
he is buying is as represented. To the manufacturer, it offers protection against
unfair and unscrupulous competition,

 4 Regulatory Bulletin No. 161
UREA
The following information may be of some help to manufacturers and feeders
using urea.
Urea is a white crystalline powder made by combining ammonia and carbon _
dioxide under pressure in equipment that will withstand high temperature.
Urea contains 46. 5% nitrogen, which is equivalent to 291% protein. The com-
mercial product "262" Feed Compound, is urea which has been diluted with other
materials to prevent caking, and contains 42% nitrogen which is equivalent to 262%
protein. The addition of 1 percent of this material to a dairy feed is equivalent to
adding 2. 62% protein. Besides urea‘s protein equivalent value, one must also I
consider its lack of energy value as compared to the common high protein feeds. `
An example of this, if the nitrogen in urea is used as efficiently as the nitrogen in
high protein feeds, it will require approximately 14 pounds of urea, plus 100 pounds
of grain to replace 100 pounds of soybean oilmeal.
Urea, when used as an ingredient in feeds sold in Kentucky is shown in the
guaranteed analysis as follows: Crude Protein %. This includes not
more than % equivalent crude protein from non-protein nitrogen. Crude
Fat %. Crude Fiber %, One percent of "262 Feed Compound"
would be 2. 62% equivalent protein from non-protein nitrogen. Urea should be shown
as an ingredient under "Ingredients".
Cattle, sheep, and goats are able to convert urea to a usable form through the
action of micro-organisms in the rumen. The organisms convert the nitrogen of
urea to protein in their cell bodies which are in turn digested by the animal. q
Horses, swine, dogs, and other single-stomach animals are unable to utilize
urea.
The Association of American Feed Control Officials has a regulation to the
effect that urea be used in such limited quantities as to insure the total amount
present shall not exceed 3 percent of the (grain) ration or 1/3 of the total protein.
lf a feed contains more than 3 percent of urea, the label shall bear a statement
of proper usage and the following in type of such conspicuousness as to render it
likely to be read and understood by ordinary individuals under customary condi-
tions of purchase and use.
WARNING: This feed should be used only in accordance with directions
furnished on the label.

 Commercial Feeds in Kentucky, 1959 5
‘ RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REGISTRATION AND PREPARATION
OF LABELS FOR MEDICATED FEEDS
A Medicated Feed is any feed which contains drug ingredients (a) intended or
A i represented for the cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease or animals
i other than man, or (b) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body
of animals other than man. Excepted are feeds which supply antibiotics to the
animal at a non-therapeutic level since the antibiotic is not then considered to be
a drug.
_ A. Information Required on the Label. In addition to the information re-
quired for non-medicated feeds, medicated feeds are required to carry the follow-
ing information in their labeling: (a) the purpose of the medication; (b) directions
for use of the feed; (c) the names and amounts of all active drug ingredients; (d)
a warning or caution statement for a withdrawal period when required for the parti-
cular drug contained in the feed and (e) warnings against misuse. It is suggested
that the label include this information in the following form:
1. Net weight.
Z. Brand name or trade name.
3. Product name (may include brand name and, for Types l and 2, the
word "medicated").
4. Purpose (statement of the purpose of the medication and reference to
directions for use).
5. Active drug ingredients (list of common names, not trade names, and
percentage present, for each drug. Antibiotics are to be expressed in
grams per pound and may also be in grams per ton).
6. Guaranteed analysis of the feed.
7. Feed ingredients (common name of each).
B. Name and address of manufacturer or registrant.
9. Detailed feeding directions (to be displayed prominently on either
_ front or reverse side ofthe label). A check list follows:
i a. Purpose (if necessary to clarify or amplify the above statement).
b. When to feed (specific period necessary for effective use).
c. How to feed, or mix for feeding (feeding method to be followed,
i. e. , free choice, sole ration, intermittent feeding, etc.; mix-
ing directions for premixes, etc. , should give proper level of
medication for purpose intended).
d. Precautions (statement of precautions where misuse of the product
may be injurious to animals or man).
e. Warning statement (a withdrawal period may be required for safety. I
With a mixture of drugs, use the longest period). See example be-
low.
f. Other feeds (reference may be made to other feeds which have a
part in a feeding program for the animal).
Suggested Warning and Caution Statements
_ l. Acetylaminonitrothiazole for Poultry.
Warning -- Discontinue use at least I week before slaughtering birds for food
to permit elimination of the drug from food.
Z. Aminonitrothiazole (Z-Amino-5-Nitrothiazole) for Poultry.
Warning -- Discontinue use at least l week before slaughtering birds for food
to permit elimination of the drug from the food.
3. Anthelmintics Containing Cadmium Oxide and Cadmium Anthranilate.
Caution -- Consult veterinarian before using in severely debilitated animals.
Warning -— Treated hogs must not be slaughtered for food for at least 30 days
following treatment to permit elimination of cadmium residues from food.
4. Arsenicals (Organic, for Poultry and Swine).
Warning -- Do not administer to laying hens. Discontinue use at least 5 days
before slaughtering animals for food consumption to permit elimination of the
drug from the food.
The above warning concerning laying hens is not required on arsenic preparations
that have been shown to leave no residue in eggs.
5. Dienestrol Diacetate for Poultry.
Warning -- Discontinue use at least Z4 hours before slaughtering birds for food
to permit elimination of the drug from the food.

 6 Regulatory Bulletin No. l6l
6. Diethylstilbestrol in Animal Feeds.
Warning -- Discontinue use at least 48 hours before slaughtering animals for
food to permit elimination of the drug from the food.
7. Glycarbylamide for Poultry.
Warning —- Do not feed to laying hens in production. Discontinue use at least
4 days before slaughtering birds for food to permit elimination of the drug from
the food.
B. Nicarbazin for Poultry.
Warning -- Do not feed to laying hens in production. Discontinue use at least
4 days before slaughtering birds for food to permit elimination of the drug from
the food.
9. Nithiazide for Poultry.
Warning -- Do not feed to laying hens in production. Discontinue use at least
Z4 hours before slaughtering birds for food to permit elimination of the drug
from the food.
Required Warning Statements For Drugs Used With Certifiable
Antibiotics
3»Nitr¤-4—Hydroxyphenol Arsonic Acid (3-Nitro-4-1-lydroxyphenylarsonic Acid)
for Poultry and Swine.
Warning -- Do not administer to laying hens. Discontinue use 5 days before
the treated animals are slaughtered for human consumption.
Chlortetracycline for Leptospirosis ofSwine.
The following warning is required on preparations containing, per ton of feed,
400 grams of chlortetracycline:
Warning -- Discontinue use l0 days before the treated animals are slaughtered
for human consumption.
Dienestrol Diacetate for Poultry.
Warning -- Do not use in laying hens. Discontinue use 24 hours before the
treated birds are slaughtered for human consumption.
Diethylstilbestrol for Sheep.
Warning -- Discontinue use 48 hours before the treated animals are slaughtered
for human consumption.
3,5-Dinitrobenzamide for Poultry.
Warning -— Do not feed to laying hens. Discontinue use 48 hours before the
treated animals are slaughtered for human consumption.
Glycarbylamide (4, 5-lmidazole-Dicarboxamide) for Chickens.
Warning -- Do not feed to laying hens. Discontinue use 4 days before the
treated chickens are slaughtered for human consumption.
I-lygromycin B for Swine.
Warning -- Discontinue use 48 hours before the treated swine are slaughtered
for human consumption.
Nithiazide (1-ethyl-3-(5-Nitro-s-Thiazolyl) Urea) for Poultry.
Warning —- Do not feed to laying hens. Discontinue use Z4 hours before
treated birds are slaughtered for human consumption.
Nystatin for Turkeys.
Warning -- If used in laying hens, eggs are to be used for hatching purposes
only.
B. Types of Labels. Labels for medicated complete feeds generally fall into
four different types, as follows (sample formats are shown below);
Type l is for a feed which contains drug(s) for growth promotion and/or disease
prevention, and which is to be fed continuously for an indefinite period. The pro-
duct name is followed by the word "medicated" in letters at least half as tall as
those of the product name. This type of label can be used for any drug-containing
feed notincluded among the other types. Exempted from medicated labeling are
feeds which contain non-therapeutic levels of antibiotics (those with less than 50
grams per ton usually qualify), since these are not classed as medicated. Salt to
which an antibiotic is added for control of bloat is to carry a medicated (Type l)
label, except when the brand name includes specific disease-control terms, such
as "anti-bloat".
Type 2 is for a feed which contains drug(s) at the treatment level, to be fed as
the sole ration ration for a limited period of time. The word "medicated" appears

 Commercial Feeds in Kentucky, 1959 7
in the forepart of the product name, in letters of the same size as remainder of
product name.
, Type 3 is for a feed which contains hormone(s) or hormone-like substances
I (e. g. , diethylstilbestrol). For feeds which contain a hormone plus other drugs,
only the hormone is to appear in the product name. The product name "Stilbestrol
Mixture" or "Stilbestrol Mixture in Doe's Feed" may be followed by the words,
"Medicated for the prevention of " (or other statement of purpose)
and then followed by the list and amounts of active drug ingredients. Feeds to
_ which iodinated casein is added for stimulating milk production are to carry a
hormone-type label (Type 3).
Type 4 is for a feed which contains drug(s) at the treatment level for a specific
disease or condition. It differs from Type 2 only in that the product name indicates
the purpose of the drug and the word "medicated" thus need not be a part of the pro-
duct name (e. g. , "Pig Wormer"). In labeling feeds which contain anthelmintics,
use Type l label if feeding is to be continuous, Type Z is feeding is to be intermit-
tent, and Type 4 in either case if the product name includes the word "wormer".
C. Supplements or Premixes which contain drugs and which are to be diluted
by mixing with other feeds before use are also covered by these four types of
labels. The type of label to be used in each case will depend upon the purpose of
the drug and directions for use of the finished feed after such dilution. lf the re-
sulting feed when diluted according to directions will contain non-therapeutic levels
and no therapeutic claims are made, Type l label will be used, except for feeds
containing only antibiotics. If the directions given are such that Type Z as well as
Type 1 can apply, then the Type Z label must be used. Mixing or feeding directions
for one or more uses should be provided on all containers, for wholesale as well
as retail distribution (since wholesale products often get into retail channels).
The following statement should also be added where applicable: "For other uses,
· see instructions provided by your supplier."
For supplements which contain only antibiotics, the directions for use determine
whether medicated labeling is required. Suppose the supplement contains 400 grams
of antibiotic per ton. If directions include dilution to 50 or more grams per ton be-
fore feeding, therapeutic claims should be made and the antibiotic(s) guaranteed
under "Active Drug Ingredients. " However, if directions are to dilute to 20 grams
per ton before feeding and no therapeutic claims are made, the supplement is not
regarded as a medicated feed.
D. Where to List Antibiotics on a Feed Label. U
(a) lf therapeutic claims for the antibiotic are made in the statement of pur-
pose then the antibiotic should be listed among the "Active Drug lngredients" ir-
respective of the amount present (even when less than 50 grams per ton).
(b) lf only growth stimulation and/or feed efficiency is claimed for the anti-
biotic and the amount present is relatively high in a supplement which is to be
diluted before use, the antibiotic may be guaranteed under "Guaranteed Analysis"
along with vitamins, minerals, etc. In this case, the Food and Drug Administra-
- - tion does not consider it a drug even though the amount present may be large. How-
ever, for proper mixing or dilution of the supplement, the mixer or feeder may
wish to know the kind and amount of antibiotic present.
(c) lf only growth stimulation and/or feed efficiency is claimed for the anti-
biotic and the feed is not to be diluted before feeding, the antibiotic should be
listed as "antibiotic feed supplement" among the feed ingredients. In this case,
quantitative claims for the amount present are to be discouraged.
E. Submitting Copy for Registration. It is suggested that typed copy of pro-
posed labeling for medicated feeds be submitted to State and Federal officials for
comment before the copy is sent to the printer. This may save the cost of print-
ing unacceptable labels.
Because drugs in feeds may result in tissue residues of the animals which
consume the medicated feed, the assay of animal feeds is highly important along
with warning statements indicating specific withdrawal times of medicated feeds.
No drug or combination of drugs in feeds for animals should be submitted for
registration unless a collaboratively tested method for the analysis of the drug in
feeds of the type to be used is also submitted.

 8 Regulatory Bulletin No. 161
Code designations of numbers and/or letters may be used in the product name
on the label as an aid to identification (see Type l label below), but printing in the
margin (side-bar labeling) is discouraged. Two-digit numbers should not be used
in such code designation, and the code chosen should in no way mislead or confuse
the customer.
F. Sample Labels. Examples ofthe four types of labels are shown on pages
9 and 10. The drugs listed on these labels were selected only for illustrative
purposes, and it is not intended to imply that they are preferred over other drugs
which may be used for the same purpose.

 Commercial Feeds in Kentucky, 1959 9
BLUE BIRD BLUE BIRD
TURKEY GROWER (EI) ii MEDICATED HOG
M¤·ii¤¤*¤. Aniizif ind Sggitg Sa: ;1°°
Examined Passed {
Brunswick Navigation Co. , Southport, N. C. 1 l
The Buckeye Cellulose Corp. , Memphis, Tenn. 3 3
The Buckeye Cellulose Corp. , Cincinnati, Ohio 4 4
Buhner & Co. , Louisville, Kentucky Z9 26 3
Bundy Bros. Mill Co. , Medora, Indiana 14 9 5
Burgess Bros. Mill, Sadieville, Kentucky 2 Z
Bush Bros. 8: Co. , Clinton, Tennessee 7 7
A. C. Butts & Sons, Fulton, Kentucky 2 1 l
Cadiz Milling Co. , Cadiz, Kentucky 19 9 10
Campbell's Feed Mill, Kevil, Kentucky 1 l
Campbell Wholesale Co. , Combs, Kentucky 2 1 l
Caneyville Roller Mills, Caneyville, Kentucky 8 6 Z
Cann Bros. , Leitchfield, Kentucky 4 3 l
Cardinal Food Products Co, , St. Louis, Mo. 3 l Z
Cargill, Inc. , Minneapolis, Minnesota 1 l
Carnation Co. , Los Angeles, Califo