V Raising sheep and calves in cages to provide a wor1n-free
‘t» _
L env1ronment helps workers to deter1n1ne more precisely
  Th Eff t f P 't' s
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,-te`?
BY STANLEY E- LELAND, ]R. Figure 2 shows the results of a typical experi-
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cpmmmt ° mm"` lt °°sy I`HCl11t.l Originally, this experiment included four
_?•~ ln eddltlon tv evaluating Worm r<¢m€di€S,1>¤r¤Sit¤i¤- calves. Three of the calves, numbers 932, 934, and A
_ J Slsts ln the Depettment ot Annnel PetnologY have 933, were given one, one-half, and oneefourth million
J" been eondnotmg stndles to determine more PYee1selY stomach worm larvae Trichostronvz Ius axei . Calf
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what adverse elteots nemetode Psnnsltes have on 935 was retained as an uninfected worm-free control.
domestic animals. These studies have included blood Calf 932, Wlllell reeelverl the largest (lege ef wel-rn
V wd Plesmtl Volume detel”mlnetlons» eleetl`oPllol`etle larvae, died of acute parasitism 19 days after infection.
L" S€I`LlH'lfl`9tCt101l2llf1OH, total $61111]] ]_)1'Ot€1ll lll€2l.Sl.ll`€lTl€lltS, In this Experinleut a direct relationship bgtyvegu the
( and ObS€l`VZ].tlOllS Oll th€ IlOIl·ITllCl`OSCOplC and llllCl`O· nu]/nbgr Of vvOI·l]·l larvae given and the ggllgral Coljdl-
I seoP?e Petnologloel ollenges tion of the animal was evident in the 2%-month ob-
VAM Slnoe llol`ses» slleeP= wd cattle eeell setve as llost tv servation period. Calf 934 showed definite clinical
_ Over 20 dltletent sPeeles ot Psmsltie nematodes and signs of parasitism (note calfls rough coat and general
 W- since nearly all animals become infected in their onnearrrnee ol? apathy in Fig; gy
i   tlsllel enVll`onment¤ lt is neoessel`Y to obteln “’onn‘ In the aggregate of the three experiments, all calves
\ `. , .r . · , ·. ; · . .
fiee expeianental animals. This .s done in the case grven g()g7()()() or more larvae Showed rerulrly el)-
of sheep and cattle by taking the animals at birth and Servrrble nutlrologleel elmnges at nest rnertern
T telslng tnem ln sPeelsllY deslgned oeges (lng- ll Wlnell In the case of the blood determinations, deviations
provide a worm—free environment. These worm-free {rorn tlle Control were in general nronortgonnl to tllci
 .· “ ._{e_,.,.·· ,=_ UUlUl)€l` of \VO1`lU l2ll'Vi1G g1VCIi. BlOOtl z`tD;l plasm;1 _
· ·*‘   ”‘  V  _   volumes, total serum protein, and serum albumin all
. .__b. Q .... : .... -.AA-~‘ -·-····*·‘‘ “" { V e    Vi . showed reductions following infection. The serum
    alpha globulin in infected calves showed a marked
A       · increase, while the other globulins were decreased.
    ‘’.·- ¤     _ (Continued on Page 8)
  "V      I V lTwt) l`L‘l)llCLltl()1]5 of this calf (‘Xl)(‘I`Illl('Ilf l\zl\`t‘ llL‘t‘l1 Cinn-
’~-oy   '     `6  X A*"    ’ pleted and all were essentially in agreernent.
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°          ,·  · .A. A~»A A A·   ei·.; ~ =--=e    
'°'*   ;`     ¢*‘? TVV];4  · T `»t`    ’     \/    kk
  ‘   A .... .   _   ..;. .» ’   ·· — . »   =:- ·~  .,3 _ . 3,   * ·
rc . Ay — ·—~A»-; ~ --··i         ‘‘‘>      V   "   93*
V A/j     ·A .A V.,      “ ’  " ·
_ I __._:_   ..‘, .     _       { -.4 ,   { A
- . , . . . .   r       ‘**   ,A A   `     :A‘A ¢   ” "`‘‘   ,
` —,, Fig. l.- Sheep and cattle are rar.;cd in specially designed   A gf   -=t¢-      l   ;7_       . —-’-  
cages to provide worm-free environment. The cages are l   ``__ _.{,      A ..._ A     ·--·   V---.       Z·    ,._  z
A elevated from the floor on metal supports and have Steel- ,    V___‘’_ °   ___,___r vi   ._.. __    ·t-r  — -=··  · ’‘i‘    rr ‘‘=`‘  
mesh bottoms to prevent accumulation of manure.   1** -r~..%A,A¤/     V',r . A_ VAAVAV   °     ’‘‘’   ‘‘‘’ W  
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_ animals are then infected with varying but known I I I I   ng _., p    V
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quantities of worms of a single species Thus. it is ng , Tl°`° "`°` ("llllll  M 755 965 .,
_ _ j . _ _ davs ol same age) were raised A (,,,,,:0:. A A *
" also Posslllle ln these Puts i¤*<*¤t¤<>¤S to detennlne a·({]—mAt`ree. To slmw the effects   A    
(1) the lethal larval dose,   the general course oi- or nrnAr,Sn;Snr_ ggly; and g;;.Al were  yy    .;   , V  
the disease,   the male-female worm ratio,   the inoculated with known nlnnl>v1‘S rr gitjy   VVAV  l  l   
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1 €gg—l21ylllg potential of the female worm. and (0) the ol “o‘m l·nl·‘t· nots "’“?·€l‘ "’·"   {    3 4 ji; {
. · . - (934) and size (llfl(3l`Cll(`CS com-    ·, 6 ’ V l ‘~
pathological effect on the host in the absence of other . _ ._ _ _ , ·· , ·   y   V
A ..f · _ ` pared with w01m·l1ee ttmllol  0   ' A, ·  
\VOI`ITl Sl)L(,l€S. (.nll‘ algo), { . W; Q é, ,Y__
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KENTUCKY FARM AND Hmm Scr1;xce—\Vrxrun 1960 at   l ‘   ‘
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