xt7d7w674z17 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7d7w674z17/data/mets.xml Kentucky Kentucky Coal Association Kentucky Coal Marketing and Export Council Cabinet for Econmic Development 1993 journals  English  Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Coal Facts Kentucky Coal Facts: 1993-1994 Pocket Guide text Kentucky Coal Facts: 1993-1994 Pocket Guide 1993 2014 true xt7d7w674z17 section xt7d7w674z17    »      E      P           » ¢:  
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I993 - I994 POCKET GUIDE
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Kentucky Coal Provides   E
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"=` g ` jobs, Energy,  Tax Revenue, and Economic Growth
E Prepared by the
Kentucky Coal Marketing E
and Export Council ~
, Cabinet for Economic Development `
C and the C
  Kentucky Coal Association

   Production
Kentucky produced 174.3 million tons of coal in 1992, compared to the re-
cord of 179.4 million tons set in 1990.
Kentucky was the nation’s number one coal producer from 1973 to 1987,
was number three in 1992, behind Wyoming, and has retaken from West
Virginia the number two spot during 1993. Kentucky has been one of the
top three producers in the United States for the last 47 years.
  errrplsyrrrsm 7
The Kentucky coal industry directly employed 25,722 persons and indirect- l
ly provided an additional 75,000 jobs in 1992. I
The Kentucky coal industry paid almost $1 billion in direct wages in 1992. 4
   
The Kentucky coal industry brought $3.3 billion into Kentucky from out- (
of—state during fiscal year 1992-1993 through coal sales to customers in
29 other states and foreign countries.
Kentucky coal companies paid $179.6 million in coal severance taxes in
Fiscal Year 1992 -1993 and induced economic activity leading to approxi-
mately $530 million in revenues in state taxes.
  icsgfrimalksgg
Electric utilities are the major market for Kentucky coal, accounting for
77% of the Kentucky coal sold. ‘
Over 80% of Kentucky’s coal is sold in other states or exported.
Almost all (95%) of Kentucky’s electricity is generated from coal.
There are 20 major coal-burning electric utility plants in Kentucky.  
All surface-mined land today is reclaimed equal to or better than it was prior
to mining. Kentucky received three of twelve national reclamation awards
in 1992 for surface mining; totaling 7 awards in the past three years.  
Coal mining creates valuable lands such as wetlands, wildlife habitats, flat (
mountaintops and industrial sites where only steep, unproductive hillsides (
had once existed.  
Kentucky operators have paid over $544 million into a federal fund since (
1977 to reclaim abandoned. unreclalmed coal mines. (
I
From the mining to the burning of coal, our environment is protected by l
stringent environmental performance standards.  
,_}.;Y.:`. ._.·.·-‘v   .‘v...`     ._.·   {
i `-·‘ Coal Resources lv
Kentucky has two distinct coal fields, one in Western Kentucky and one in r'
Eastern Kentucky.
Kentucky’s 91.1 billion tons of coal resources remaining represent 87% of (
the original resource. ·’
Unmined mineral taxes contributed $10.2 million to state (23%) and local 1
(77%) revenues during 1990 and will continue to be paid yearly. l
December 1993
This publication Is for informational use only. lt includes some extrapolatlve second and third party
data as well as some broad estimates. and should not necessarily be construed as offlclal source
data or be construed as advocating or necessarily reflecting any pollcy position ofthe Kentucky
Coal Marketing and Export Council or the Kentucky Coal Association.

 1
. Changes and rends
As we head rapidly toward the turn of the century, the immense changes
in the coal industry give credence to its promise as the premier fuel of the
21 st century. During the past two decades, coal has become the nation’s pri-
mary source of energy production, and U.S. coal has played an increasing
role in both domestic and worldwide energy consumption. While events in
the world oil industry have captured the headlines, dramatic changes inthe
coal industry often have gone unnoticed.
Coal provided about one—fourth of the energy in the U.S. in 1990 com-
. pared with less than one—fifth in 1970. Total domestic coal production in-
,,,, creased 71 percent over the two decades. Electric utility consumption rose
l at twice that rate, as the economy grew and became increasingly electrified,
l particularly in the west and the south. The coal industry adapted to these
j changes with remarkable flexibility, and the Kentucky coal industry played a
' large art in those chan es. What will the future hold, and what trends are
-1 P 9 . . .
emerging? For a sample of those trends, this booklet offers the following in-
§ formation:
  The amount of sulfur dioxide emitted from each ton of coal has been reduced
j by more than 1/2 during the last 20 years, and the trend is continuing to de-
j CYGGSG. (see page 32)
  Post mining land use changes are providing long term economic, social, and
I environmental benefits to Kentucky, and the benefits are increasing. (page 31)
  WHAT CHANGES   92% of Kentucky`s coal rail shipments are by unit
r ARE occunnmov   trains, and the trend is expected to continue. (page 29)
l
F Met coal’s share of U.S. coal exports dropped to 58%, and the trend is contin-
  uing to decline. (see page 27)
l Kentucky ships over 5 times as much coal to its neighboring states as it re-
.   frorn   ($6,9 page 24) »;E.3,.Z ·-‘-·‘   ‘.»__ 1.;’Z_ .r `_    -‘.’ { 53 ·>-_ fi-EZ
Natural Gas costs jumped while coal costs contin- ls THERE A TREND?  
ued to decrease. (page 19)
j More of the coal severance tax money is being returned to the coal counties
l for economic development. (eee page 17)
1 Direct mining employment continues to decrease in Kentucky. (Page 10, 14)
l Productivity in the coal industry continues to increase. (eee page 11)
j The average mine size by production in Kentucky has almost tripled over the
, last 15 years. (see page s)
l Under round mine safety in Kentucky continues to show stead im rove-
l Q . . . . . y p
j ment while maintaining 60% of Kentucky’s production. (seepage 12)
I $3.3 billion continues to be brought into Kentucky each year from coal sales
I to other states and foreign countries. (eee page 17)
( The number of successful mining reclamation—primacy bond releases in
1 Kentucky continue to grow each year. (eee page 20)
Y   ‘ °i`’ 1 ‘‘‘° ’ ‘7i·‘`  i `‘`‘ ° r‘’’‘   ’‘·   ’‘i   The amount of coal needed to produceaunit of elec-
I CHANGES 'N jg tricity continues to decrease, while the amount of
THE FUTURE'? -i light enjoyed from one unit of electricity continues to
l QYOW. (see page 33)
l; The AML reclamation accomplishments in Kentucky during the last 15 years
j are impressive and more continues to be completed yearly. (see page as)
‘ The new products being developed from coal combustion by—products are
  3lTl3Zll‘lQ. (see page 34)
  45% of Eastern Kentucky's Demonstrated Reserve Base continues to below
A sulfur coal. (see page 39)
  Coal Education will determine coal’s future. (see page 44l
Source U S DOE Energy information Administration, The U S Coal Industry 19704 1990. Two De»
  gage; QI Qljange. November 1992 (For other sources see individual reference pages as listed l

 2
Acknowledgements!References
Governor’s Office Phone: 502-564-2611
Capitol Building - Frankfort, KY 40601 Fax: 502-564-2735
Department of Local Government Phone: 502-564-3710
1024 Capital Center Dr. - Frankfort, KY. 40601 Fax: 502—564—2512
Lt. Governor’s Office Phone: 502-564-7562
Capitol Building, Rm. 142 - Frankfort, KY 40601 Fax: 502-875-5994
Cabinet for Human Resources Phone: 502-564-5331
Department for Employment Services Fax: 502-564-7452
275 East Main Street - Frankfort, KY 40621 .
Department of Mines and Minerals Phone: 606—254—0367
PO. Box 14080, 3572 lron Works Pike Fax: 606-233-4243
Lexington, KY 40512-4080
Kentucky Geological Survey Phone: 606-257-5500 `
228 Mining and Mineral Resources Building
Lexington, KY 40506-0107
Legislative Research Commission Phone: 502-564-8100
State Capitol - Frankfort, KY 40601 Fax: 502-223-5094
Natural Resources and Environmental Phone: 502-564-3350
Protection Cabinet Fax: 502—564—8131
Capital Plaza Tower - Frankfort, KY 40601
Department for Surface Mining Reclamation Phone: 502-564-6940
and Enforcement Fax: 502-564-5698
Division of Abandoned Lands Phone: 502-564-2141
Division of Field Services Phone: 502-564-2340
Division of Permits Phone: 502-564-2320
#2 Hudson Hollow - Frankfort, KY 40601 Fax: 502-564-5848
Department for Environmental Protection Phone: 502-564-3035
Division of Waste Management Phone: 502-564-6716
Division of Water Phone: 502—564—3410
14 Reilly Road - Frankfort, KY 40601
Division of Air Ouality Control Phone: 502-564-3382
316 St. Clair Street - Frankfort, KY 40601
Revenue Cabinet Phone: 502—564—3226
Department of Administrative Services Phone: 502-564-6866
Division of Severance Tax Phone: 502—564—6734
Capitol Annex—4th Floor- Frankfort, KY 40620 Fax: 502-564-3875
Department of Property Taxation Phone: 502-564-8334
Mineral Valuation Section Fax: 502-564-3875
592 East Main St. - Frankfort, KY 40620
Transportation Cabinet Phone: 502-564-7183
Coal Haul Highway Section
419 Ann Street - Frankfort, KY 40622 l
UK — Center for Applied Energy Research Phone: 606-257-0305  
3572 lronworks Pike—Lexington, KY 40511-8433 Fax: 606—257—0220 l
United States Department of Energy Phone: 202-586-8800
National Energy information Center, El-231
Forrestal Bldg.- Rm. 1F—048 — Washington, DC 20585
jjj Other Contributors
Jj_j CSX Transportation, Inc. Norfolk Southern Corporation
x `iv U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Paducah and Louisville Railway
  Acknowledgements C I t_|_ t_ d t
AQ 1r‘_ Krina Fry Graphic Designer Ca U UZ? 'On a 8
rg-. Tears Francis Typing Glenn G'b'a'T_RE· ,
  i¥* ¢!i€·t$1$¤ ¤ ,  . , 
Walking dragline excavators developed.
- 47.7 million tons of Kentucky production ( 1935 ).
· 940 _ World War ll - coal production In Kentucky rises to
, 1 - 72.4 mllllon tone for the war effort.
[ Auger surface mining introduced.
Kentucky Coal Association founded 1942.
- Republic Steel Co. first production —— Road Creek, Kentucky.
  Post-war Marshall Plan-production rises to 88.7
  million tone ln Kentucky.
  Continuous underground mining systems developed.
    Kentucky Water Contaminations Legislation.
1 1950     82.2 million tone of Kentucky production (1950).
1   Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act ( 1956 ).
`   Railroads converting from coal to diesel fuel.
1   Roof boiting introduced in underground mines.
1 1960 - . Railroads began using unit coal trains. |
1 First longwall mining with powered roof supports. *
  r, Kentucky Surface Mining Legislation.
  ·   ,y.‘ Kentucky coal production exceeded 100 million tons.
’ _’   National Historic Preservation Act ( 1966 ). l
1 ,:  _ C & O Railroad to .lohn’s Creek constructed — Pike County. 1
i ‘   ifi Y
1   `A.‘ Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act ( 1969 ).
1 jg7g °   Federal Clean Air Act ( 1970).
i Kentucky Coal Severance Tax established (1972). ·
- I Federal Water Pollution Control Act ( 1972).
W 1; Kentucky becomes the leading coal producing state.
,1;;. Endangered Species Act ( 1973).
` 1ij* OPEC oil embargo: Coal production and prices rise.
.3   Federal Coal Leasing Amendments Act ( 1976 ).
1   _`e   Federal Surface Mine Control and Reclamation Acts ( 1977 ).
l 1980   Congress enacted the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
  iz? Program ( NAPAP )Study, a 10year research program, which in-
' ‘r vested $550 million for the study of "acid rain". industries spent
- I over $1 billion on Air Pollution Control Equipment during 1980.
l = if
    OPEC cuts oll prices for ttrsttlme (1983). 1
`— A   U.S. Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Program established $2.5 ‘
1985 .t`.;·1?L¤ billion in Federal matching funds committed to assist the private sector
1 ‘·x'.· to develop and demonstrate improved clean coal technologies.
    Z. Ky. Supreme Court ruled the unmined minerals tax on coal is subject to
the same state and local property tax rates as other real estate. (1988)
I I .
` TVA 160-MW Atmospheric F luidized Bed Combustion Unit on line.
ltiiaj Wyo. dteplacos Ky. as the leading coal producing state.
1 jggg .f·,.` \._· Federal Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
    Kentucky record production — 179.4 million tons (1990).
1 "   U.S. coalproduction exceeded 1 billion tons ( 1990).
. QE. U.S. Energy Policy Act of 1992.
r *.~`»_ The average mine size by production in Ky. has almost tripled over
—` ·. ~ the last 15 years.
1 The number of mines in Ky. have declined from 2,249 mines in 1978
I I to 752 mines in 1992. 1
  The number of Ky. mine licences issued er year have also declined
A _ ·jj_ by 2,000 licenses from the 1975 OPEC)induced peak of 3,357 li- 1
' —   censes.
1993 '_.t\' . _, island Creek is sold after 30 years of mining in Kentucky.
.i»‘ ~_Y $2.4 billion of federal funds and $4.5 billion in private sector funds
ti   have been committed to 46 clean coal demonstration projects.

 Types of Mining
Kentucky has two distinct coal fields, each containing numerous deposits
of bituminous coal of various characteristics and mines of every type and size.
By the use of large draglines and shovels, the excavation of two or more coal
seam deposits (multi—seam mining) is possible in the large area surface
mines of the gently rolling Western Kentucky coal field and inthe large moun-
tain top removal mines in the steeper terrain of the Eastern Kentucky coal
field. Both the Eastern and Western Kentucky coal fields have large, modern,
and efficient underground mines (of various entry types) utilizing improved
mining methods with increased mechanization — continuous miners, longwall
mining panels, or both. ‘
\ Of Kentucky‘s 174.3 million Surgace  
tons of 1992 coal production,  ;   ‘
109.2 million tons were pro-    
duced by underground min-    
ing methods and 65.1 million    
tons Ware produced bv SL"`    
face minin methods.   , .   
g   .;"  »0 .» ¤. <§g $59 *.Q1fQ
A 0r00l<00W** 0* *00 0·**0r00*   .t. rf`? r,·l*J;»3%Y§·S·i€€  
*>’*°€S d°* ?*l"·2°2 jg ¤'d°'““2;   a..    .a... . ...  ..)     ..t. a)   .)..   ....      a.)a..        1   
9'°L'“ m'“'“9 me O S USG   lil
in l<0¤tu0li'   t.~.   ..·¤19.' i .i»¥» 5  
Expcn ccuncll . The longwall ‘ i‘9=t     ‘‘‘9   =.t;   ‘—i:°‘   ‘‘..   ’   °9‘°:9‘`t‘‘° 5>£;-1 i‘‘= 1 ~.‘.‘  * i’:   .»`·   ‘=i.   
productlon was estimated at 8.6 VV V
mllllon tons and usually included 2 Underground _ lj;
conventional mlnlng sections used {g ,é   <
to support the development of the ¤         _)_V.V    
longwall panels Only 4 of the 5  EE EiE,¤.`Q£I  V_,_ V L_,.  
l0**0W0l• 0**000 W0r0 00t•V0 00000   .l-l   ........     ..l·..... F .l·....:.:.»..»....» 1   .4»» ; .-.·; ..e. ;   ..l.; 2.-z ·...:·. ;   t..-~·.. .    .-.--     .·--.   -.»·   ·...... G -¤----:--;     .t‘r... g  
*902 *0 *<00*00lii1_iz -‘=`’. · ·
V  t-=·.·...·-   .1».--.1-.1.= z ~.».- ; ..--=     - 2=  -~ .-         -·=-t1‘   ·1-‘»-·»1·-= :  
C   Pennsyl-
0 525   vanla
  ‘°‘‘    
`O 450   West
C)   —..-.2=..11= e   -1...     ..·    ·.».—i rz-: -.-.·»—.    
E   V*’9*’1*8
375   .»-   
  ’·'·
  ‘‘ ‘‘    
  W)/0177/09
  .-.    
I 150   K
*   surtagg
I   5**5
* O   92,.3,
1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1988 1988 1990 1992
** Wyomlng was not one ofthe top flve coal producers untll 1978. when It surpassed Vlrglnla and
Ohlo, but Is Included before 1978 to show Its rlse to the Ieadlng coal—productIon state.
Sourcest U.S. DOE — Energy Informatlon Admlnlstratlon. Coal Productlon. 1977— 1992.
U.S. Bureau of Mlnes. Minerals Yearbook. 1970 1976.

 y· 1
K Production 8 1
Kentucky produced 174.3* million tons of bituminous coal in 1992, down from
the record of 179.4 million tons set in 1990.
Kentucky Production
200
180 g_v;;1:g1.;:’-.; ly-. ;»  Surface _  
          -_ vvvvv     _->>   _v  
  I . ·` ‘ I -3-  
  Underground   . , .».W   1     _
140   ‘‘*   ``*°   __’r 1   ·’—’ 1   » ,     ‘·.. . _.·-..
E T20 `   `    1   __`‘. A      A as __      
19 100 T°ta·   _.   ·         1 V._. if ‘ r  .,...    
- ~ · ~ 0 ~ 1   .:r..    
S w   =   » ‘    ‘-i. ‘ »».- .1 U '»·V   4
: 00   1 · 1 1 ‘- ‘   1 · . · 1 .   ...   ril   =     
= { 1   =    
E   1--» 1   . *1   r 1 ..-» .  ..  ,   =  3   .0  1  ....  ¥  
GO   ... .   1 ‘   1 - 1.  
40  
  .;... 1   = ;     ;-·   ·- . 1    
20  
 .-   .·..    
1050 1056 1062 1066 1074 1980 1986 1992
Source: Ky. Dept. of Mlnes and Minerals. Annual Reports. 1950—1992.
Number of Mines in Kentucky
` There were 752 mines in Kentucky in 1992.
` Several licenses can be issued to one large multi—seamed surface mine.
A mine license is renewed each year and a new license is required within the
current year when certain changes occur, such as change of: (1) company or
ownership, (2) company name, (3) operator or principal, or (4) mine type.
` The number of actual mines are smaller than the final number of mine
licenses issued each year.
Number of Mines, 1992
Region Underground Surface Total
Eastern Kentucky 459 225 684
Western Kentucky 23 45 68
Kentucky Total 482 270 752
Source: U.S. DOE — Energy information Admlnlstratlon. Coal Production. 1992
Number of Mine Licenses in Kentucky**
5000
6 ZSSE  
gg  { 
5   .,1, .
@300      , . ¢
  3000   ____ ._   1   ,-,1 , _. Z 1  
.1   , .-··»   1  .. ... 1 ; .t. ; .1,        .~   . 11      
2500     ’·`.· » · 1 · 1 ..·‘ 1   1 ....»»
cu   -. ,.   rt0..     :..., .1 1 ».   ‘..-   1.   = ···.- .  
c 2000     = ——··   ~·a» 1 .111*»· $¤;m*°°= 1 ·-1— ;-  -,
·-   1,... ;  . 1   . ~ 11.·. =       ·‘·. .   1    
E 1500  =  . . r r .:  4 ·...,1     1..  . .. 11    .1     ,,11   , ··.11 ,-  
(OOO   »1’»‘1   ..—~    ·   ~1.»‘-·1“-1·.   1
   . ·’ . z   .-‘ .   -‘...‘    .
500  
O  
1050 1056 1062 1066 1074 1060 1066 1992
Source; Ky. Dept. of Mlnes and Minerals. Annual Reports. 1950 rr 1992
* State production numbers differ slightly each year from Federal U.S. DOE Energy information
Admlnlstratlon (EIA) production numbers, dueto mlnordifferences ln their methodology (le,. clean
coal versus raw coal). Please note whether Federal or State numbers are referenced when using
a value In this publication.
** Several licenses can be Issued to one large multleseamed surface mine.

 9 I
1 County Production
  ` There were 752 mines in Kentucky during 1992.
  These 752 mines were issued 1,371 Kentucky mine
  licenses and produced 174.3 million tons.
  ` 482 underground mines (642 licenses)
    accounted for 63% of Kentucky’s production.
` `   ` 270 surface mines (729 licenses) accounted for
  37% of Kentucky’s production.
< \ Eastern Kentucky’s underground production was 64% of their total pro-
duction and Western Kentucky’s underground was 58% of their total.
1992 Production By County and Type of Mine License*
Underground Surface Total
County Llcenses Tonnage Licenses Tonnage Licenses Tonnage
Eastem Kentucky
Bell 22 2.931.938 17 1,168,412 39 4.100.350
Breathltt 2 24.472 54 4,309,865 56 4,334.337
Carter — — 1 13,767 1 13,767
Clay 6 767.592 10 588.522 16 1,356.114
Clinton — — 1 0 1 0
Elllott — — 1 12.110 1 12,110
Floyd 75 3.957,255 38 3.279.060 113 7,236,315
Greenup — — 10 960,452 10 960,452
Harlan 100 10,432.377 36 2,072,609 136 12.504.986
Jackson — — 5 84.103 5 84,103
Johnson 8 1,527,505 13 1.733,643 21 3.261.148
Knott 39 5,818,738 55 2.686.732 94 8,505.470
Knox 43 591,291 16 562.270 59 1,153,561
Laurel - — 2 21,036 2 21.036
Lawrence — —~ 1 27.295 1 27,295
Lee - — 6 208,931 6 208,931
Leslle 14 6.849.944 18 1,722,006 32 8,571.950
Letcher 39 15.921.387 66 3.810,333 105 19.731,720
McCreary — — 4 62.896 4 62,896
Magoffln 1 84.392 10 798.162 11 882.554
Martln 34 7.082.737 21 4.364.882 55 11,447,619
Morgan - — 1 20,000 1 20.000
Owsley — — 4 338,568 4 338.568
Perry 16 4.684.327 98 8,601.033 114 13,285.360
Plke 202 22.728,490 135 8.178.174 337 30,906.664
Pulaski ·— — 1 0 1 0
Rockcastle —— — 1 1.500 1 1,500
Wnltley 15 934,881 29 689.168 44 1.624,049
Wolfe — — 8 562.106 __8_ 562,106
EKY Total QE 84.337.326 -662 46.877,635 1.278 131214.961
Western Kentucky
Butler — — 5 50,194 5 50,194
Caldwell —— — 1 0 1 0
‘ Chrlstlan 2 140.615 2 1,263.418 4 1.404.033
Daviess — — 15 1,640.944 15 1,640,944
Henderson 1 1.124.918 3 2,548,662 4 3.673,580
Hopkins 9 2,978,859 15 6.093.915 24 9,072.774
, McLean — — 2 198.099 2 198.099
Muhlenberg 1 1.673.776 10 2,108,479 11 3.782.255
Ohlo 2 436.116 9 2.547.160 11 2.983,276
Unlon 6 7.232,067 2 477.333 8 7.709,400
Webster 5 11,235.808 3 1.356,946 8 12.592.754
wkv Total E8 24.822.159 5 18.285.150 QE 43.107.309
KYTotals 642 109,159,48S 729 65,162,785 1,371 174,322,270
* Several Ilcenses can be Issued to one large multl seamed surface mine.
Source: Ky. Dept, of Mines and Minerals. Annual Report. 1992

 Employment
The Kentucky coal mining industry has a current work force of approximately
24,624* people directly employed in coal mining jobs. The Western Ken-
tucky coal field employs approximately 5,205 persons, while the Eastern
Kentucky coal field provides 19,419 direct mining jobs.
Kentucky’s Coal Mining Work Force, 1992
   iii  g;;tt9;;; g;.;;q;1g, i i  E1;.4
  Surface — 6,014 <
  Underground - 13.405
l»:l » .::,,,l,,,, . ,::»::,,..,_,,.»,l,»;,..,,,,l,   ».;,,,.r,,,l_ » ,:,,..,,r_r,l.».,,. . .,__   ;,.,   ,,r,._:..,.,..,,,,   .,., . ,l_, __ .;,,,l,   T°*a' · *9-***9
  Western- Kentucky Coal Fleld 4
  Surface — 1.722
  Underground — 3,483  
  Total — 5,205 _
9¤s“"¤W.§9q@
@6  
¢¤  $9iuQ
9§ ”{  **% . 99
~@ »· ~   www ¤·
\ &¢*r9 #
m 6 ··· ·® B Qtr ¢ ¢'
q G·.~r$ _ hdé. R
M ¤dHH¤ 4 A6}  
` Eastern Kentucky averaged 79% of Kentucky’s coal mining work force and
accounted for about 74% of Kentucky’s total coal production in 1992.
\ Western Kentucky averaged 21% of Kentucky’s coal mining work force
and accounted for about 26% of Kentucky’s total coal production in 1992.
\ Due to continued productivity gains, Kentucky maintained 161.1 million
tons of production during 1992 while direct mining employment continued
on a steady decline.
Kentucky Coal Mining Employment, 1979-1992
Western Kentucky Eastern Kentucky Kentucky
Year Surface Underground Total Surface Underground Total Totals
1979 4.949 9.949 11.299 12.999 29.094 99.902 47.190
1980 9.999 7.979 11.874 11.919 22.702 94.921 49.999 ‘
1981 4.099 9.499 10.949 19.479 24.092 37.505 48.050
1982 4.120 9.999 9.759 12.919 22.792 35.101 44.860
1983 9.419 4.919 9.999 10.485 17.919 28.100 36.433
1994 4,022 4.099 9.079 11.927 19.474 29.801 97.979 t
1985 9.421 4.294 7.715 10.919 18.583 29.099 36.814
1999 2.927 4.297 9.924 8.718 17.912 29.090 32.654
1987 2.949 4,605 9.990 9.740 19.900 29.940 92.990
1988 1.825 4.388 6.213 8.261 19.099 24.949 30.559
1989 1.970 4.199 9.099 8.034 19.999 24.920 30.656
1990 2.099 9.491 9.999 7.909 17.407 24.912 30.498
1991 1.910 9.909 5.513 9.291 14.878 21.129 29.942
1992 1.722 9.499 5.205 9.014 19.409 19.419 24.624
Sourcet U.S. DOEe Energy information Administration; Coal Production. 1979 A 1992
* State employment numbers (page 14) differ slightly from federal EIA numbers.

 A l
Employment/ Productivity
Kentucky Coal Mlne Employment, 1979-1992
80
T l · — 8   .
55 Kentucky ota _55qq  
A 50 SUWHCG r ¢5
g 45   _1»··;;_·_,5.··_   _‘,; ;   »’-‘‘ .j· ._.=    
U, 40 .;-_»_ - »,t-»»V1 » ..-:»     »»=.     Underground  _~§    
3 _. _V__   _5:- 5 5_.. 5 .555.5.55  _r_._ 5 ..»;_.5»   ____5_ _5  V555 55 55 5 55 5  
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1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1988 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Coal Mine Productivity, 1977-1992 (tons/miner/hour)
Eastern Western Kentucky Appalachian ln1er|orCoal Western U.S. U.S.
Kentucky Kentucky Average Coal Fleld Fleld Coal Fleld Average
Year
1977 1.71 2.22 188 1.38 2.42 5.85 1.82
1978 1.82 1.97 1.71 — — — 1.79
1979 1.54 194 1.84 1.33 2.21 5.47 181
· 1980 1.87 1.98 1.74 1.39 230 5.84 1.93
1981 1.78 2.12 1.84 151 2.35 8.15 2.10
1982 1.79 2.01 1.84 1.51 238 8.28 2.11
1983 1.98 2.43 2.08 1.75 2.89 7.80 2.50
1984 2.13 2.81 2.24 1.88 2.80 8.30 2.84
1985 2.13 2.57 2.23 1.90 2.81 8.55 2.74
1988 2.31 2.94 245 2.09