authorities, viz:
Square Miles.
   30,000
   9,280
   10,212
     7,500
     1,306
     4,674

   63,026
Hn that Virginia



   Acres.
   19,200,000
   5,939,200
   6,535,680
   4,800,000
     870,400
   2,991,360

   40,336,640
is superior to



New England in extent of territory; the advan-
tage must also be conceded to her in climate, in
fertility of soil, in the variety of agricultural pro-
ductions, in her natural position, inthe extent of
internal navigation, thus affording avenues to
market, with equal facilities for foreign or do-
mestic commerce. It might also be shown that
Virginia possesses great advantages for manu-
facturing, and that in minerals she is superior to
any other State. "Few countries," says Martin,
"possess greater advantages than Virginia for
success in manufacturing; she has labor cheap
and abundant, inexhaustible supplies of fuel,
and almost unlimited water power."  " In min-
erals, and fossils," says Flint, 'Virginia is con-
sidered the richest State in the Union. Quarries
of the most beautiful marble and freestone, blue
limestone, pit coal, and iron ore, are found in
inexhaustible abundance, and in places too nu-
merous to be designated. Black lead, lead ore,
rock crystal, amethysts, and emeralds, are dis
covered. Porcelain clay and chalk arecommon,
and almost all the useful fossils. The extensive
belt of hill and mountainous country, in which
gold is found in every form, commences in this
State, nearly in the midland regions, and ex-
tends S. W. many hundred miles."
   We have alluded to theace natural resources of
Virginia, to show her capabilities of employing
a large population in manufacturing and mining,
and thus to diversify the industrial pursuits of her
inhabitants.
  The relative condition of New England and
Virginia, at the present time, is shown by the
following statements. They present a compara-
tive view of toe substantial elements of pros-
perity, as well as of moral and intellectual im-
provement, in these two sections of the United
States-the one a population of diversified in-
dustrial employments, and improving all their
advantages-the other a population chiefly agri-
cultural, its manufacturing, mining, and com-
mercial advantages but partially developed, im-
porting from abroad a large portion of the manu-



factures necessary for the supply of its inhabi-
tants, most of which could readily and advanta-
geously be made within its own borders.
COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE PRaSENT CONDITION
      OF NEW ENGLAND AND VIRGINiA.
                     New England Virginia.
White population, 1840, 2,212,165  740,968
Free col'd do      do.     22,633     49,872
Slaves,            do.         23    448,987

  Total pop. in 1840,  2,234,821 1,239,827



Persons employed in
  Agriculture,            414,138    318,771
In Manufactures,          187,258     54,147
In Mining,                    811      1,995
In Commerce,               17,757      6,361
In Navigation,             44,068      3,534
In Learned Profes-
sions,                   11,050      3,866
Whites over 20 years
of age who cannot
  read and write,          13,041     58,787
Students in Colleges,       2,857      1,097
  Do in Academies,         43,664     11,083
Scholars in Primary Schools,574,277  35,331
Capital employed in
  Manufactures,     86,824,229 11,360,861
In Foreign Commerce, 19,467,793 4,299,500
In Fisheries,          14,691,294     28,383
In Lumber Business,   2,096,041  113,210
Banking capital in 1840, 62,134,850  3,637,400
ESTIMATES OF THE ANNUAL PRODUCTS, BY PRO-
    FESSOR TUCKER OF VIRGINIA, ON THE
       BASIS OF THE CENSUS OF 1840.
Annual products of
  Agriculture,       74,749,889 59,085,821
Of Manufactures,     82,784,186  8,349,211
Of Commerce,           13,528,740  5,299,461
Of Mining,              3,803,638  3,321,629
   POPULATION, ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS
              OF 1830 AND 1840.



White persons in 1830
Colored do.    1830
White   do.    1840
Colored do.    1840
Increase of whites in
fifty years,
Increase of colored
  persons in fifty yr's,
In crease of total pop-
ulation,



1,933,338
   21,378
2,212,165
  22,657



694,300
517,105
740,908
498,829



1,219,384   298,853

   5,613   192,636

1,224,997   491,489



  The per centage of increase on the total popu-
lation in fifty years, in New England, 121 3-10;
in Virginia, 65 6-10.
  If we now compare Virginia with New York,
the disadvantages of slavery will appear in a
still more striking point of view. One of the
citizens of our State, Thomas F. Marshall, in
a pamphlet published in 1840, draws the follow-
ing comparison between Virginia and New
York:
  "In 1790, Virginia, with 70,000 square miles
of Territory, contained a population of 749,308.



The area of the New England States is thus



4



given by the best

Maine,
New Hampshire,
Vermont,
Massachusetts,
Rhode Island,
Connecticut,

    Total,
  It is, thus show



I