xt7k0p0wqw5b https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7k0p0wqw5b/data/mets.xml Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 1943  journals  English Lexington, Ky Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Kentucky fruit notes, vol. 2, No. 3, April 1943 text Kentucky fruit notes, vol. 2, No. 3, April 1943 1943 2012 true xt7k0p0wqw5b section xt7k0p0wqw5b __ Vol. 2 APRIL, 1943 No. 3
 
il I KENTUCKY FRUIT NOTES
 A W. D, Anivrsrnowc, Horticulturist, Editor
  WIARTIME FRUIT E E
  PRODUCTION Z. ·f _ E  
  Fruit production under present       E    
 ,; wartime conditions presents some of > i :; :2 In  
 .) II'l€ IIIOSI serious problems OUT gI`O\V- Ben Davis V V V S M
ij. ers have ever experienced. With B1ackT“rig '`"` V V V S M
 . shortages existing or expected in la- Dchciouss “``` V M_V R S M
  bor, spray materials, machinery, fer- G DEliCiOoS;`I`M_V V R_S S M
· tilizers and containers it will be more Ghmes " S V S_R M_V V
; important than ever to know exactly Jonathahéi `''`'`' R V R V M_R
· what needs to be done and to do it King David ```'` M V R M M
_ in the best manner possible. Fruit Mclmosh " V V V S M
growing is generally classified as one Maiden   S_M V V V M
of the most complicated business en- Polly Eadeé S V R V M
terprises. in or out of agriculture. Paducah "M M R S M
I g?(g1·g·g§)c$f;`O\\'Cl`S rarely have identi- Rome   V M_V M M R
>· st m in ...... v M R s R
It is therefore of real importance Tlxieya ,_______,___ V M R M M
for the fruit grower to know his own Wealthy ________ 5 R-$ R V M
problems. lf he has apple varieties wgoosab ____,_,_ v R R 5 M .
that are very subject to bitter rot. he Y_ Transparent S R R V V
should know which ones they are so YOyk* __________,_ M R R S M
Sgt; heIlIg211iS}§;g;?dih;?;0S§J{$1C$$g   ¢ 1;....ll 4T_p..l-lg generally have same sus-
. L'<‘l\ll \l 1l}` {IF DHTCIII. \`il!`lC Y.
?8\°J{ bitter rot is and the best control meas- .....
d 05 uresl for it. Growers with a serious Spraying _It has been proved Over
I"` $.2°ZL‘§§%.·€`°§$`¤t?2?bLiE“aSi}£2Sld ffdii and we *‘ga‘“ “‘-at SP§”“g htm has
needless to spray for diseases or in- :;Sk§u\V€11.€}?g_;V1;$;y vsp; tpexf xg
aaa:2;::..¤r.:$;..¤1:ssi2·..%;.2*; $h¤¤*·¤`¤*S *0 gm S¤*¤y*¤g· Wim
eek Serious i¤$é<=* er di$g¤S¤I¤i*>bl¤m and- ESE; TEE?%Ji1“t§’i§Z?trJiYi§2'1aJi`f¤Zl? I
mglcc :§)§a§uI;%;'mg lt` fel tO take Comm] in most cases. Repair parts, ordered
1 IC ' well in advance may be obtained;
° cnt good care will be needed to keep the g
$02; Apples spray in operation. H b bl
S · m t— 'als v' pro a ymeet
Cl`°l’· I S¤$¢€PUbilltY 01‘ l‘€SiSt¤¤0€ to dis- 194Zi)11ilg]eds?  use ihem wisely and
Cm5· €“S?·—T0 hclp Si`0W€i`5 1`€€0g¤lZ0 waste nothing. Secure and study the
¤t1`0l thm? P1`0bl€m$· WO publish b€‘]0W H spray programs needed; then do a
, the list of apple varieties and their sus- good job of spraying.
3¤ld~ C?ptlbim>’ OV YOSISTZWCC to RDDIG $€8b- In all spraving, the right mixture.
d. bitter rot, blotch. hre blight and San pl-opolqy tiyhcd and wgll applied
JOSC scale. Ot` course, it is generally usually gots good 1·oSo]tS_ The pl-im- `
IUIOYVTI IITHI SOIUC V&ll`iGII(‘S 2`tl`C fTlOl`C cd Spray pyggygypg and the Spray I`
Sublcct IO blu"` mt Whcn th'? trees service letters will help in all three of
l not are thick and are in zi low, moist lo- thcsg pomtg
mph canon In spraying trees, first spray the in-
>’ HQI In the following table, S—slight1y side from near the trunk. This COVGYS
APU] $USC€l>tible. M-Moderately, V-—very, the inside cheek of the fruit that is
  gg and R—1`€SiStant. often left untouched when trees are
its to
on. BULLETIN OF THE KENTUCKY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT
STATION, LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY
Ee II.,

 i i
sprayed from the outside only. The have b e e n successfully thinning v
remainder of the tree should then be peaches, using a stiff 5 or 6-foot dry . 3
sprayed; top first, then bottom. Thus wooden stick about the size of a to-   s
the drip from the top part of the tree bacco stick. The stick was slightly I k
falls on dry foliage below, wetting it, flattened on one end to insert easily  5 K
instead of glancing on to the ground into clusters and, with a quick twist I i
as it does when lower limbs are spray- push off some of the fruit. Where i
ed first. Any water storage device or fruit is thick on twigs, a quick scrap-  ;_
large water outlets that will speed ing motion is used to remove the fruit   I
up the tank-filling operation are war- from one side of the twig. In all I
time aides that should be added where cases peaches are pushed of’f—not · 1
possible. knocked off in a manner that would  ? I
Pruning._DO7l0t0UcT_pr1Lneyoulnlg bruise the foliage and tW1gS.. Eison I I
rms. They will generally do best and $¤¤S are WCM pleased wth the i
with very little so-called shaping and practice and Stato that 3 few colonn ·
training and will reach bearing size Workers can Cover mom. t°"nol`Y I '
quicker it criiy Very Iightiy primed than a much larger crew using the old I .
Do not be disturbed by what you nano method- 7
think is a thick young tree. You will 1
be surprised how much these trees Control of Codling Moth I *
will open up after they bear a crop. " .
Pruning this year should be con- Codling moth is the most serious
fined to older, non-vigorous and very D€Si to HDDIQ D1`0d¤€ii0¤ in m¤¤>' i
thick trees. Wherever there is a cod- Kentucky apple orchards. At the
ling moth problem, the grower should recent fruit meeting at Mayfield, Dr.
thin out his trees, so that the spray L. F. Steiner of the Federal Codling 3
material can easily penetrate to all Moth laboratory at Vincinnes, Indi-
parts of the tree. Top limbs that are ana, gave a very helpful and informa- `
difficult to spray should be removed. tive codling moth discussion. The
Also a few low limbs should, in many following statements about codling
cases, be removed so that the spray moth were taken from his talk.
man can easily walk to the trunk and Life history Ot MOth_-The pgsts
Spray tno mside of each treo- pass the winter as worms. In late
__._ April or early May they pupate and
‘ grow into adults that mate and then
Peachgg lay eggs which hatch into small
worms when apples are very small.
Pruning. -—— Many peach growers Northern Kentucky usually has two
wait until they see how heavy the full generations a year, while South-
fruit is set before they prune. This western Kentucky usually has three V
is a safe practice where danger exists generations a season. About 75 per- ·
from late frosts. With a possible la- cent of these overwintering worms
bor shortage this season. it will be spin up in cocoons under the loose I
risky to put off pruning too long for scaly bark of apple tree trunks within
fear the trees will not get pruned. live feet of the ground. _About 25
At the Wiriter fruit meetings this percent spin up in rubbish. weed
year, it was pointed Out by severai stems and corn stalks near the base gf
good growers that they intended to do tno noon Whore as many as D0
3 lot of their peach thinning when Worms go through winter on one tree
they pruriet-i_ This is an ecciicmicai the problem is very serious but where
Viewpoint; for well pruned trees are as many as 100 worms_per rtree pass
generally easier to thirr It is certain the winter. the situation is almost
that with a heavy crop set, consider- beyond oonn`o1·
able thinning will have to be done to Orchard sanitation.—While spray-
insure fair size and to prevent over- ing is still the main control method
loading and tree breakage. Bulk for codling moths, orchard sanitation
thinning could be done very rapidly such as banding, scraping trees, and
with pole pruners or lopping shears screening packing sheds is of great
soon after the crop is set. value. Scraping the scaly bark from
Thimiihg·__At thc Mayiieid mcct- trees during winter, and catching it
ing special interest was shown in a on 3 iarpaulm i`€‘m0V€$ many Worms
discussion of the peach thinning prac- Bhd 1S T€€0mm€¤d€d· B¤1‘¤ l3h€$°
tice developed by Mr. C. R. Eisen and scrapings as soon as removed. Band-
Sons of Ledbetter, Kentucky near ing of trees in early summer to furn-
, Paducah. For several seasons they ish places for worms to spin up is
2

 in
lrg also recommended. Treated bands ling moth eggs and also aids in the
to- should be used only on rough (tough) spreading and sticking of the spray,
tly t barked trees. Untreated bands can and is generally recommended.
eily b€ safely used On Yeung tiees· Kiii In lightly infested orchards heavy
list  . the worms collected at weekly in- mst brood Spraying folloW€d’by one
BYE , terye s· second brood s ra enerall ives
ip- Q Used baskets, crates and orchard good control. Iii miosgheavilyyirigfest-
`Ult `1  props should be stored in a screened ed orchards in Southwestern Ken-
Hll  = packing shed or dark basement so tucky, heavy first brood spraying
not  7 that moths emerging from them can- followed by second brood and even
uld  Q not fly back to the orchard, but will third brood spraying is required, In
50¤   perish. Moths that emerge from pack- these orchards good first brood con-
ihb   ing sheds are usually a week or so trol is vital or the crop is often eaten
ful  i later than those emerging from the up by the second brood attack in late
Dry ff  orchard. Dr. Steiner pointed out that June or early July, or by the third
Old  jj one grower destroyed 35,000 codling brood in August. Late sprays also
 `· moths by screening his packing shed run into spray residue problems.
 H so the Clnoths could not escape to the Everylapple grower must find the
  orchar . contro measure which best suits the
S Early thinning and breaking up of ¤r¤bi_€m in his Own Orehaifdy making
ous  ‘ the fruit clusters also helps in worm eettein that W0i`mS are killed €81`iY
any  ‘ control since a favorite worm entry in the season by every means POS-
thc  ’ place] is between two apples that sihllle-cd t D S
Dr.  5 touc . ix nico ine sprays.- r. teiner
ing  ; Lead arsenate spl-eyS__The Celyx al$o pointed out some developments
ral- . Spray is impommz! since so percent withtlie fixed ¤¤¤.¤¤¤€Si>r¤y-itieaves
na- . ef the eel-ly Werme end 35 percent ef no poisonous residue and also causes
Ehc _ late worms try to enter the calyx, a iess spiny inJui`y_t0 fruit and tniiege-
mg well-applied calyx spray plus a calyx This spiny has giver} Send results in
lep,eg is generally the most Valuable some Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois
asts codling moth spray used. This top- Orchards where €9€ii1¤g I`¤0thS BYE
ate 05 spray is simply another spray up- seVeTe· Thé cost 1S usually g1`€8t€Y
md plied le me upper half ef each tree than when the arsenat_e of lead sprays
non as Seen as the calyx Spray has been are used,_ but results in certain cases
ml] applied to all trees. Most early cod- seein te Justiiy the expense;
all  _ ling moth Eggs are laid on lollago and ·The Kentucky spray service deals
two i the young Worms feed Sllghtly on with the seasonal development of this
lth_ foliage before lrylog to enlel. fl.ultS_ pest in several parts of the state.
ree ~ Thetinotlili lay mode eggs in thetuppel
ier- por ion an in e ower por ion o
rms ‘ the trees. An all-over, complete poi- Control of Apple scab
>osc stm ¤0\'€1`8S€ PHYS big dividends. For many apple growers, apple `
thm ‘ It was pointed out by Dr. Steiner scab is the most serious fruit disease.
25 that it takes 2 or 3 cover sprays in This disease lives over winter on old
€€€i rapid succession to build up a real apple leaves lying on the ground un- _
9 of coverage on all leaves and young der the trees. When early spring —
50 fruits. One spray gives very little rains come the small over-wintering
trec protection unless followed by another spores mature and are discharged in-
ierc to complete the coverage. Two sprays to the air, floating about until they
nass using half-strength materials are bet- come to rest on the small apple leaves,
lost ter than one spray of full-strength buds, flower parts or small fruits.
llllltliflill. ThE t'UJ'lC€—O'UGT does the N[lcl~OSCOplc gxglqllngflgng hav Q
`8l~’· trick by hitting the spots that were shown that in most years spores are
hod missed the hist time- mature and ready to be diSCh8I`g€d
UGH Starting one week after calyx into the air by the time the delayed ..
and spraying, many Kentucky, Indiana, dormant or early pre-pink (closed
reat and Illinois growers have found it ad- cluster) bud stage is reached. Spores
rom visable to apply 3 or 4 sprays at week- generally mature over several weeks
S it ly intervals. This is designed to keep time. Where no special notices are
rms the foliage and fruit covered while available, experience has shown that
iesc the first brood worms are active and growers can assume that scab infec-
lncl- thereby try to clean them out. The tions take place at the early pre-pink
irn- use of l percent of a light oil (called bud stage and scab sprays should be
p is Summer oil) with the 2nd, 3rd, and started then depending on the weath-
4th cover spray kills quite a few cod- er. For Red Delicious, a variety
3 l
5::;

 »  
seriously injured by scab, a spray in trees over winter and on the ground   bl
the green-tip stage is suggested. The is also strongly urged. The disease  A cr
pre-pink and pink sprays are gener- lives over for several years in these  i of
ally the most important in scab con- old dried mummied fruits. Disking,  X ra
trol. It isawell known saying among about blossom time, an orchard that  `_ th
apple men that scab has to be hit suffers from brown rot will help re-  ` ar
early and hard and that it has to be tard the disease by disturbing and = St
controlled before the blossom period. covering many old mummies. {  dt
Cool, wet weather favors the early __   \‘<
maturity and diseiharge of scab spores. ij fl`
T is explains w y wet springs give - - Y ., i . 4 l?
more scab trouble than dry springs. KENTUCKX RFATIL HORVI l'   dt
It takes 51 soaking gain to caluse CULTURAL MEETINU    
scab spore ischarge. wet sur ace .- , X · _  ?
is also required for the spores to germ-   {tgiaiglgozll-;rsi°l`;£.e§£SOf·   di
inate and start a scab infection. Lime the Cong X Of A X_.CiXitu _ X S deirilr aj , ll
sulphur has proved the best control Fc0nOmicE°Oi mg ignivellit U 1- if'? r' it
for scab, but it should be applied be- dick COO Biotin W S if lrd 9 Min.- _ ,l
fore infection starts. Surfaces that H€idyK€nr€uck gh Jgnuai   lodge- A
are well covered with sulphur resist A id? Q muy’ Oi- imcwyt d’ f,  
infection. Since growth is rapid in mwegs gttengcd and weeks 8   Ll] Q_ a
early spring, several sprays are need- gba discussions S eakm, il? il   tl
ed to keep the expanding leaves and Ml, Herman Yo ri,1_Of Q, V5 uM° tl
fruit parts covered with a protective gill Mi. Frankprgtmet ' Mil W   l¤
coating. This is especially true Amiistroii Mi. Home Ci , i',X d' cl
when rainy weather is just ahead of DI, L F gleineé U S 5 A el ed‘ir5_‘
or present during blooming. In such P   `Rilcher fmln Lelmi when r' —
seasons some growers go over their ' ` g ‘_
trees every 5 to 7 days. In most The officers elected to guide, the o
eases o good Spray Should give pio_ society through these trying wartimes (
tection for 6 to 8 days. Since rains were ML Harman YOPP· Paducah.
wash off some spray material as well Prasldanli Me Wm· Eagcllbush
as cause more spores to discharge BL}€‘Ch€1· Ml`· Fred C· lan HO0$°·
and furnish moisture for spore germi- Mmgoy Me C· _R- M€COllOm· Hclldcrj X
nation, We can readily See why reins son,_V1ce Presidents; and Mr. W. \\. ·
cause the apple men to Woii.y_ Geii_ Magill, Lexington. Secretary-Treas-
erally, Sprays applied 2 io 3 days eitei. urer. All members receive free oi { l
a rain, will control spores discharged ;hri§?C;S€F?3§l0’§l xglll lll/Eeaglllai l
by the rain. ` ,` _ Y0 l`· l`_'Jl
Also since scab is less active in dry ggnvlirggsereAu;gg§gg§tg$i%OGr;e_§Stno? · i
sprmgsi less Spraying is rleeded dur' Central rand Northern Kentugk * · l
ing a dry pre-bloom period. These growers mot at Loxm .- r ‘
gton during the l
facts about scab, when understood, Farm and Home Week fm, an -mm_ {
will help trgeheppre gr°.Wer mgks e sive one-day discussion of proldlems.
wrster use O rs Spray trme rm. ma` At both the above meetings the grow- - .
terial. Also by knowing varieties, he ers Seemed aware of their mlm.
realizes that Grimes Jonathan and · ‘ ¤ i
J problems and of the importance ol
Paducah do not require as marry scab their work and showed determination
sprays as Red Delicious and Winesap. in facing {he idiom-
Control of Brown Rot
Red léird, Charrlipion, J. H. Hale and FRUIT CROP OUTLOOK FOR
Heat ling peac es are very subject _ .
to brown rot. They, therefore, need 1943’ AS OF MARCH 1
more brown rot sprays or dusts gen- The past winter gave us consider-
erally than Elbertas. Some states able cold weather scattered all
have found it very helpful to apply through the season, at intervals with-
a spray of wettable sulphur to the out any general sub-zero tempera-
Red Bird variety (or any other one tures. The near-zero temperature of
seriously affected) in the pink bud mid-February killed some peach buds
stage to help reduce the blossom in some locations but it appears gen-
blight stage of this disease. The erally that most trees should have a
destruction (outside the orchard) of fairly heavy blossom. This will give
all dry mummied fruit hanging on the a good crop if they escape 1`rosts at
4

 md blossom time. Apples bearing a light deposits an egg in the hole and then
asc crop in 1942 should see a heavy set makes a semi-circular cut around and
cse of fruit. Dewberry, blackberry and under the place where the_egg was
lng. ‘ raspberry canes seem to have come laid. Egg punctures are easier to see
hat through the winter in good condition on plums, apples and cherries, than
re- and prospects look promising. The they are on peaches.
Lind strawberry acreage in the state is E h t h · 3 4 d d th,
down a bit. Wet weather during No- Peng}? Wircmslntungfel tgglguzrfj mg
— vembef lP"°V““H“%. manxyglfweig small peaches until they reach the
_ frem hau_mgUmu cl lggdma il? $m pit. They grow rapidly and are full
i-   hlibilihii Su¤’2’K2`é ZO?m?§i3.§°i.`2,‘3.§ wwe le 3 weeks Wemy peaches
4     spells ef weather- {?$LS‘€§‘?§i`§‘§€‘I`2?ii S§‘3§l£“é’r§§’l§
ft This season would have paid big divi- Over The worms develop in the
the “` dends for the early hauling of mulch drop; On the ground when fuu_
ety.   material to the fields and dumping it grown worms cut théir Way Out Of
une  ; so that it could be scattered later by the drbps, leaving Small round exit
en-   hand. St¤·=¤wbe¤‘1‘y y¤eldS» h¤w°V€*· holes and burrow into the soil to a
iaY’  ` arc expected te be fmrly g°°d· depth of several inches. There they
   Z Thus in general a somewhat-above- change to a resting stage, called the
um ` average fruit crop is in prospect for pupa, _ and later change to adult
    the state as a whole. The grower is curculios.
3/[3-   ¤¤·¤¤‘ef<;¤`<> _fa§°d.w1th the m€?Yu}i13g: A new generation of adult curcu-
D, ·=  le¤?S9_¤1<>d¤gi¤g 8 Cmp O I 1 lios begins coming out of the soil
ind,   del “ at con 1 1°nS‘ about a month after full-grown
Dr.   _ worms enter it. Dry weatlhler often
 gf retards adult emergence. ew cur-
the   culios feed for several weeks before
 — CURCULIO AND ITS CONTROL they are ready te lay eggs. In some
gis  g years many eggs are laid by these
uSh’ P- O· RITCHER new curculios, beginn1n\gV3 weeks lie-
, ' Department of Entomology and fore Elberta harvest. e lose a ot
ose. .
jcr_ . Botanyv of ripe peaches from second brood
W_ _ curculio.
  One of our worst peach pests is the
eas-
2 {  ~ plum curculio, commonly called the . _ _ . _
;in(;;'  , peach worm. At harvest time iii 1t94l I\0“ Facts About eteeml Breed
Full  . western Kentucky growers OS 8 After the heavy curculio damage
tive  v great many _bushels of peaches Of 1941 peach growers Sought add?
P of  . because ef this msectf PW Of the tional information about second brood
tcky V loss was due to curculio dn ectly and curculio in Kentucky They Set out
the   pigul} Wa?   todbrofvl} mi- whlch in 1942. to find out ifiandwhen new
ton-   0 tan staits aioun cuicu io s ings, adults would lay eggs for 3 gecqnd
?m$· E There is promise of a fine peach brood and when spraying or usting _
0“`· - crop for this year. Right now would would be needed. .
iany A - · _- ll» tt' t · v`-w the , _ . ‘
1, ef ._ ishgglvdlfacctgeabbxt   iolive can H§;}ti;\g?t)&l_c19}Q1gh dunliil \%]€DSl;§§;}
ion . . · - · · · . · ·
` ?§4§m cum good Job Of comml m strong and Mr.W.W.Mag1ll arranged
' with Mr. Sid Holloway at Sega;/Ea.
Mr. Fritz Beyer at Paducah, an r.
on L“" “‘”‘°"*‘ F‘3l`$‘g $$5% §$O§ii?S§§`S§§a 2`3%§£?,,5’ T
se _ ·
The adult curculio is a small, ence cages in their respective peach
brownish or grayish-black snout orchards. Similar trays and cages g
der- b€€ile, about Ht of an inch long, with were run at P1`lllQ€tOIl by VMI. A-lill-
all 1‘0ugh wing-covers. Adults pass the strong and at Lexingtoirby the writ-
rith- Winter on the ground in Hoods, feiglce   Ulnbeaph case trayst\gétl;(l1ia;1§l\;;/ilgg
··- 1‘0ws, thickets, and gu eys, un or co 1 o oms were s ’ ,
Sidi trash, leaves, and grass, They appear with small peach or plum drops.
buds first in plum trees in the spring, By Full—grown peach worms falling fiom
gen- Shuckfall time they are often abun- this fruit were caught below on a
ve a dant on peach trees and very soon cloth-covered tray, counted cachday,
give begin laying eggs, The female cuts a and dropped on the ground inside a
.s at Small hole in the peach with her beak, wooden cage sunk in the soil and cov-
5

 I il
l  
ered with a tight, screen wire lid. In arsenate spray must be applied a ¤’ 2;
this cage they burrowed into the soil month before harvest. Many west- - Be
to complete their life cycle. The ern Kentucky growers put on this e `
ground cage was looked at each day, spray last season as a result of the  I-
any adults emerging were counted spray service findings, and counts  · PQ
and removed. Many of the early, new made at harvest showed very little L Thi
adults were shipped in cartons to curculio damage. Damage did occur ‘ bg
Princeton where Mr. Armstrong fed in orchards where this treatment was  i clk
them on peach foliage and supplied not made.  = ex
them with small fruits for egg laying. _ya"ing__F01. most an-active cOn_ — Hfl
The Wrlteehelped check for the egg trol of curculio, growers should prac- '
1&Y1hS_ period by dlsseetmg female tice jarring both as a means of telling ° sh
curculios- when to spray and also to find out J Dt
As a result of this study and other what _ Darts Of the orchard need af;
observations we obtained definite in- Spfaylhg. wi
formation on plum curculio activity Jayymg is done by Spyeadmg a bed. g dr
ih 1942 which eh8b1ed US to predict 8 sheet or large canvas under a peach ° Ve
SeC0hd b1`00d ahead cf time. The ih- tree, or, better still, two sheets, one lll
f01‘m3ti0h also gave US some vital on each side of the trunk. The trunk ‘·"‘
facts heeded f01` the €01'h1hg year. or limbs above are then struck sev- ; ii
These 1942 facts may be Shmmafized eral sharp blows with a padded scant- lll
35 fellows: The first €\11‘¢¤1i0 8D- ling. This causes the curculios in the le
peered ih WeSte1`h Kehtueky orchards tree to fall to the sheet where thev
ADYU 15, ab¤ut9 days after fu11b1¤¤m may be counted and destroyed. Jar- I yi
0h E1beFt3- Egg 13YihE begah APT11 ring is most effective early in the i W
28, about 3 to 5 days after shuckfall. morning while it is cold and the cur- 8,
continuing forwieveral wegkfl. June whos are numb_ hi
drops began ay 13. u —gr0wn . ·   . · ,. .
Wermg began legvigg dwp gggghgg p§'$i".'rZlF“éi“"ié’£°ii€$`°a“£dS°€£iS§5L "
May 19, continuing to do so into June. twice a week fm, the next 6 weeks
gig`] v;;g1l}gtSS,§§gigH$§11;r%%15 iglurézlgg Jar first on plum trees since curculios
July- Adults bg·gg¤ lgyigg gggg fg ?S°§2Z“l¤l?§$r?af”S§t€fSi’?£éé§`gOE°Z{EE
_ ‘ a second brood on July 14. Elbertas €dg€’ Of thg Orchard nearest Wooda
were being harvested between August and other placas whew curculios ara
i 5 and IL likely to hibernate. Continue jarring
at regular intervals. Cover the en- ‘
tire orchard. In this way the move- .
Control Meaeuree ment of curculios into the orchard can
, . be followed and sprays can be omit- -
S1’mYmg·_TO control Curcuho we ted or delayed if curculios are scarce. -
must rely mamly On Spraying Wlth S C Chandler in Illinois found that ‘
lead arsenate. The correct formula cnrcnhns aI.a’nSuaHy nn/mh mon,
for 100 gallons of mixture is lead abundant On the Outer ww Of an
arsenate 2L»@ pounds, hydrated lime Orchard than they are On mws fan
gf pfuildts and Z&n°.S¥1f?t€ 2 p°uY’dS· ther in. As a result, more spraying \,
e as wo ma eria s orm a zinc- . . ,
bordeaux which reduces the foliage may be needed on the Outm IO" S' 2
injury by the lead arsenate. To con- —— V
trol brown rot and scab, 6 pounds of 3
wettable sulphur is added in certain gECOND_YFAR CARI{‘ OF l'
of the sprays. ` “ ’ §
Gro;/eridwho do not practice Earé STRAWBERRY FIELDS C
ring s ou put on at least two ea · ,- I
arsenate, curculio sprays following fnyvtlhit ;;cgh%;D€;§rn;$;g$vC%)§;,Cahgg d
the fixed schedule given in Experi- in Kentucky-, yh/[any good ggrowerp
ment Station Circular 356 or Leaflet have different ideas and follow dnl
9 or Bulletin 393. Apply the first one f t t- B f th 1
2 or 3 Weeks gm full blgem Wheg i$$€{`hiEi‘?§$$E$atiOS°SE$°t%c giféifi
fg gf the ghgcks gre gg the gegggd interest or strawberry growers, mic C
ays 8 QL plots were set up for the study of Q
From the studies made in western these problems immediately after c
Kentucky in 1942 it is clear that to harvest in 1942. The plots were on l
stop second brood curculio, which oc- commercial strawberry fields of the i
curs in some years, an additional lead Blakemore variety and were located
6

 ‘ on the farms of Mr. Lester Harris, then draw your own conclusion. Real- -
’d 0 . near Kevil, and of Mr. J. L. Brien, ly, such a visit will be a real recrea-
"aiy _ Benton, Kentucky. tion and inspiration to a fruit grower.
s . .
{nr. I Various treatments are being com-
t_ t pared such as mowing, wor ing out ·
  i middles, early rand late genewing by Grow Your Nitrogen
» :·  barring off. T ese com inations in- . .
  ·?  elude most of the common practices, nigétgntzg S*g,gr¤g1g€a·g§ §°T};“€;`°"i%
  except just "turning out" the field g .Y 6 ltr O 1 9 rw
z. . , . · ·. grower will be obliged to help out
con-  S after the mst hdwest ls Hmbhed his own cause. A liberal application
>rac-   The 1943 harvest in these plots per acre of limestone and superphos-
lling 5 should show some interesting results. phate to any orchard plan, both ap-
out  ·· During the dry season that prevailed ples and peaches, will, in most eases.
need  ji after harvest in 1942, there was less more than double the tonnage of les-
 ” wilting and less suffering from pedeza or other legumes that can be
bod_ V drouth in the plots that were culti- grown per acre. When allowed to
each Q; vated or mowed than in those not cul- remain on the land as a mulch to de-
.  — tivated or mowed. The plots that compose, the trees will be benefited
ont
ronk _ were renewed (barred-off) developed from the nitrogen.
Sov,  , a great deal of crab grass and weeds
yang Q  in them and thrs required more work U I F _t P lr
~r the _ to keep t em c ean. 'S0¢ 1*111 Hf `agmi
they ‘ Interested growers are welcome to _ , . . . . ·
Jar-   visit time two plots to examine this 2,.‘§,‘;;‘Q.@;,?,ig“§§,§"d),,?§ {,‘§§f‘Q‘§2L°i
» the  = work. Meetings at these two places ` , , ·` ` _
cur- · · . . cts that you can pick up at a reason
are bemg ¤1¤¤¤€d Mt amd 0f thc an rice mv com in mar esa
harvest season and the exact time Oraagc bOxQQ·/make 3 Very q·a`tiSfact_
after will be amwunccd latch ery field crate and farm storage. Most
Egg; f grocery stores are glad to sell these
. ‘ boxes at 5 or 10 cents each.
zulios .
»each ‘
1 the q . . L
_ spray etters
foods — ~ ~ — ·-
HIl\Tb .~\l\D 0BbER-
S are - Are you on the mailing list to re-
ming   VATIONS ceive the Kentuckv spray service let-
3 En` " By W. W. MAGILL ters? These letters contain timely
310:;;  X Field Agent in Hortioulturo information on eodling moth. peach
.t cureulio. apple scab and bitter rot
znggef   development in various parts of the
’ ‘ ‘ state. On request. your county agent .
[ unit _ will see that your name is on the mail-
  Ovc1·11111e Pay ing list for these letters. No charge.
fit"' Kentucky fruit growers are now __ _ i
dying Evfrlkillg 8 hours per day, twice each [Op-MT bprziy
’· ours, and 6 days per week, but __
with the big demand for fruit for the Are you familiar with the ftop-off
31`med forces, for lend-lease and for spray`? It furnishes the "key_" to sue-
)F IQCBI Consumption and with indica- cessful control in a bad codling moth
{ions for prices above average, I be- situation. See page 3. this issue.
; ieve that fruit growers will have an · · . . . .· ..
Opportunity this year to get "time and N}? effigcni {mmm. vi lil be . tg?
. ,, . . busy to raise a good fiuit and xege
aring H half plus for all their overtnne. tablc gmdcn in 1943
field , ' -·
nwers ,_._.
1 difé Fruit Demand
nee
Hemi W1_]i there be a good demand for THE GARDEN CANIP.-\IGi\
$01110 Canning and drying peaches this year? _ _ _
;ly of Just loaf around tho oannod fruit _'I`he nation needs the help·of_e\·ery
after counter of your 10cal grocery for- an citizen to grow food crops foi lns onn
re on hour somo Satu1·day afternoon or use if he can possiblyrdo so.
lf thg mght and listen to the comments, The need for food lll the war pro-
PCH 9
7 .
17.:, -L

 i  
. - - ...____.._  
Agricultural Experiment  >`
Station  =r ·
of the Penalty for private use to avoid  
UNIVERSITY or Ksnruoxr °°"“°"' °* ”°""°° ”°°· i
LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY I 
Thomas Cooper, Director  °
FREE-ANNUAL REPORT OR
BULLETIN OR REPORT  i
OF PROGRESS p
h
. i r
~ is
! I
 
l
r
r
2 1
E
I l
E
. l
l
  ]
gram is g1'€8t€I‘ than the total that Garden Egeentinlg
can possibly be produced, and a large '
Part of th€ CYOPS 1`8i$€d i¤ thé lafgé 1. Gardens require good soil and
commercial centers will be retained the use of fertilizers to produce good
for WHT pl1fDOS€S· c r 0 p s . Inexperienced gardeners __
hld t`f·t` thereof
This means that the civilians will i€§Liiiz€$;_ m mma mn On isc
be more and more dependent on local ‘
production supplemented by supplies 2. Careful consideration should bc
grown themselves. The greater the given to the size of a garden that can
amount of home grown stocks, the be cared for and the amount of essen-
greater the amount of food products tig] garden crops needed by the
that can be released for the war from lsmily_ The cssehiisl yeggtablgs ih-
local commercial growers- clude tomatoes, greens, carrots, salad ·
The mnt and vegetable garden °"°pS* and b"’*‘“S·
provides one of the ways most fam- 3_ pi-Ovisinn Should bg made to
Mies ¤¤¤ help tv mise their ¤w¤ fwd control garden pests. Otherwise, at-
Supply ami help i¤ the war ¢i’f<>rt at tempts to grow vegetables are likely
the same time. Because of this situa— to result in i·ailu1.C_
tion, it is imperative that there shall
be no waste. lf a garden is planted, 4. Approved methods of usc, can-
good €8F€ $h0¤]d be given 50 that 8 ning, preserving and storing should
good crop Wm be Droduood The bc employed to avoid waste aufl
crop should be gathered and used sphilsgs
either fresh or preserved for winter. _ _ _ _
It is desi;-able that those who cnn, 5. Additional information may bc
plant fruit trees and small fruits for obtained through the County Exten-
home use. sion Service.
8