xt7m3775vw9v https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7m3775vw9v/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1939 journals kaes_circulars_003_333 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 333 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 333 1939 2014 true xt7m3775vw9v section xt7m3775vw9v . a
  COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE L y I
. . . . l ‘
y-  Extension Division A ·
 `~ THOMAS P. COOPER, Dean and Director ` .
  i l l 4 ‘
  CIRCULAR NO. 333 ~ l 1
  I F l I
  E I . l l
  GROWING BLACK LOCUST TREES . .   E
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  June, 1939   .
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 S Published in connection with the agricultural extension work carried on by ccopera-   4
  '·i°“_ of the College 0f Agriculture, University of Kentucky, with the U. S. Department of l Z
  Qgxlggtglfigiigid distributed in furtherance oi the work provided for in the Act of Congress   €
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  Circular N0. 333 ~ .
  ; 5
  GROWING BLACK LOCUST TREES i t ’ I
. 1 Y
 { By WILLIAM E. JACKSON ` I 1
 if The Black Locust, Robinia /)5(?I/Cf{I(,`(l('l{l (sometimes called Yel-   I ·    
  low Locust) is one ol the most desirable trees to grow on the farm   I I
  because of its dense, durable l ¤ €
 2 ' ¤ " · . i  I   af y' .   _ _ _ · r I
  .e"I‘l'§?)§*z§" I   »,§;_ If is .I wood wh1ch 1S excellent for . g j
 ‘1 re.   ` ··*r 1    · » ¤ l
 .    F Agni,    ; ,J»·’  gk,   many farm uses. In soil of   I  
  yy   _;,. ?·—t; is`f _,;r»   ”¥I%.·;. average quahty the growth ol ; · »  
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(  I__ V  ;‘·._   I~2§ »I1;7'§:§i,¢5{t.;=;g; ...`_       inches lll d1ameter may be cut I I   I
Q?  .7-.:*€€=Ye'"   ’   · ‘¥¥ ,·‘' @¤;*"¥fi`eV`—¥*Z;$i"—=€"  " ..». ,;,— 2 · :‘ - · 3 1
It   ~_g   ·     hun) trees elgllt to [C11 \`€Zll`S   .
          »».·     ‘ . `
   C       2  old. The tree usually reaches = t 3 I
 ‘   _;¢*é· :..    ‘*—'_;i·¥¢·¤.;  M  . . . . r a
g; iff, ¢ 4 .   *··`:‘i* s;Mg*~·  . l1l[llLl1”1L\' 111 twent *-five to th1r- g
_.     I \.1 , _   35* \ ,
    {   _ V  V   tv years. Since the locust is a  
 · '"W   Y · ; I    *2   f ~ ‘ ` ?
  " vg? I,     legume, growth of these trees I ‘
    .... » ‘··J"' QL .    p¤· i,j· ··’:”· re. I i
ig    i   ak  probablv does not tend to ex— I I
  ·‘ ’#’l       { - · , . `
Ei   `I  haust the nitrogen supply lll · I I
i  “  <>£Z:€e;i; .—.  — the SGH- 1 ‘
  »   W]II,I.C II) GN TIWII NuI._   ’ I
 li I9?;“°lj1°I°“§‘ mes pI“"“I°d mg S*;““I§ OI; sery seedlings may be obtained f ]
  wxici rave, witi tie ai 0 c ec _ I
 = Sigia $1;;;* *¤¤1¤¤¤¤¤ this ¤¤¤¤ ¤¤¤*v from the State Forest Service, I .
  Frankfort, or from a commer- g  
  cial nursery, or trees may be grown from seed. If unable tO get    
  trees from either of these sources, write the Extension FO1`€St€1‘, I I
  Experiment Station, Lexington. Trees should be ordered well in   3
  Hdvance of planting time and enough should be ordered for the l ;
  . • =
  whole area to be planted. ()rder blanks may be obtained from the   I
  C0Uhly .—\gricultural Agent, [rom the Extension Forester, or from    
  lhe State Forest Service, Frankfort.    
 {

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  4 Kentucky Exlension Cirrrizlar No. 333
p   Care Before Planting. lf the trees are from a nursery, the bundle, g ’ is [hl
‘   should not be opened until the ground is ready. If they cannot bg Full y
y ll planted at once and must be kept for several clays, the bundle, · uhm
A .; should be opened and the trees "heeled in" in a shady place, in q f me
C   shallow trench dug with one sloping side. The roots should be ‘ bcgu
.l carefully spread out and covered immediately with Hne earth, and l `
l   watered if the soil is dry.
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i   l A badly gullied area which can be best: reclaimed by planting black locust trees. t  
    r _ . . . ~ Brea
E {yy Prejmralzon of {lie Ground. ll the land is level or gently sloping.
F _ l furrows may be plowed, running with the contour of the site, in H
  y which to set the trees. If there is danger that furrows may cause [mm;
l t   the soil to wash, holes should be dug with a mattock or grubbing nurge
    hoe. Care should be taken to have the holes so wide and deep that  s Over
  »   ,- the roots can be spread out in a natural manner.  . roots
Q if   l The Use of Fertilizer. If the soil is very worn and deficient in  A if the
   i  ` fertility, quicker growth may be had by the application of a 3-lll-5 7 be ta
,   fertilizer. About a tablespoonful of the fertilizer should be allowed   trees
i ig _V ; to each tree. After placing the tree in the hole, about an inch of   taini
    dirt should be put around and over the roots before the fertilizer is taker
    added. If the trees are to be planted in furrows, the fertilizer m¤}’ ` the 1
 ·—   ~ be distributed along the furrow by hand or by the use of a fertilizer v_ twelx
l — Q-   distributor. alter
  ° J   When lo Plant. Early spring, before the leaf buds begin to swell, inchc
li t
t . t .—
  l  

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Y Growing Black Locust Trees 5 . l .
·   is the best time to plant black locust seedlings. Trees set in the l F —
` ’ Fall on open, worn sites, are liable to be killed or injured by the ~ Q
t ` alternate freezing and thawing ol the soil. If the trees are set out g * T i _
I  . late in the Spring, those with dehcient root systems or that have l
* q  begun lealing out, should be cut back near the ground. y i i y
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 _i Breaking down the top of a gully bank in preparation for planting black locust, trees.   ` B
1   How lo P/an/. The trees should be placed on loose soil in the y E ‘
Y   bottom ol` the lurrow or hole, slightly deeper than they were in the I ~ i A
Q   nursery, with the roots spread out naturally, and loose soil pulled A   V
I  ‘ over and around the roots and Hrmly tamped down. Very long r l
  roots may be cut back about one Hfth. It is well to water the trees,  
l  T if the ground is dry. At all times during planting work, care should i j    
.   . . , . l · 1
5   l)C lflkell to keep the roots protected lrom the Sun and Wllld. 1llC l Q
l   trees to be planted may be distributed from a l2—quart bucket con- y   l
‘1  . . . ~ t
~l  k taining enough water to keep the roots wet. A tree should not be l t
S  , lfllien lroin the bucket until a place is made ready lor tt, So lllfll    
Y  "Q 1llC roots may be immediately covered and protected. Seedlings l  
l‘   l\\‘Cl\‘e to eighteen inches high stand a better chance ol surviving   l
 ` alter replanting than taller ones. Those more than twenty—four   {
l,   ¤1lCl1es high should be cut back when they are planted. I  
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.   6 Kcwitiur/z 1EX[(?71SfOI7 cimrlm No. 333
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;   Sparmg. The purpose for which the planting is made should , of gr
c 1 , . . . _ _
y     determine the spacing of the trees. Close spac1ng causes competitum The
{ `   for light and the trees grow tall, straight and free from low branchgg_ V locus
5 g     A good spacing is six feet apart each way. This requires about 1200 ._
i i ll trees to the acre. · `I
1 l . . . —· 1
e   Cul/ma/ton and Care. As the sites planted to locust usually e il
5 . tl are in the rough land, little cultivation other than with a hoe need i  
= · l . . . ·   -.ii .
  gg, be given the young trees. lt 1S very important that the planted A k._`z;I’._
  ’   area be well fenced against livestock. Young locust seedlings are is
Q   very attractive to grazing animals and one or more head of live. f  
l `   stock can damage or ruin a planted site in a very short time. Il ° .;i"lj?i
1 . , . . 3
L _-.; danger from grass fires exists, several plow furrows 1nay be run ·  
l .. ll around the ylanted area. Prunin the lower branches yromotes
. A , l S 1
y   the growth of the trees, but keeping the stems of the trees shadetl . ‘ __
    helps to keep the borer beetle away.  »  
    1-IARVESTING ` ·‘
y   Locust trees should be cut when they are dormant, lll the fall ,  
1 if or winter. Timber from locust trees cut during this period dries ‘
1 i ’ l ....
*5   out and seasons better and is l]1()l`C 1ast1n , es yeciallt when 111 audi"?
Y g 1 1 . p
{ ‘ — ll · _ y . 4 ante te
;_, - it contact with the soil.
l_ Y
l.   GROWING LOCUST SEEDLINGS ON THE FARM  . L
t- __ E _  I [
l _·.· ··; ` Locust seedlin rs may be >roduced at home with as little trouble  l _K 0]
l   ‘ § ’ l mch
l"! g as growing ordinary garden crops. Seed may be bought at 11 ‘ I
.i ·.‘= -— · , . .. '1 )ott
 .1*,. moderate price or gathered from locust trees. Care should bt g ( U
> wrizrl ° - . Q $C€(
§i"1=§*·‘i taken to get seed only from healthy, well-formed trees. The seed   I _
‘   . . . ·i  v.
t;§;,;e_“ may be she.led from the pods by hand or by machine. S; "
    V _ _ ‘ g  sary,
ls ;}—*<` , The seed bed should be in the near-bt arden area, )referabl\` q  ,
  `;;·.·_ _ _ _ > g . l ‘ jj  llH\Q
1- ..·_ yy wtth a northern exposure. A llglll s11t loam in a line, workable   [hc S
  state is the most satisfactory; heavy soil may be made lighter 111   gmw
  addition of well—rotted manure or vegetable material. An 01tl   [O [l_
  ' tobacco plant bed is very satisfactory for growing locust seedlitlgi-  
  Q- If the soil is poor in phosphate, 20—percent superphosphate 111211  
1-  _—._   it i be applied at the rate of 12 to 15 pounds to 100 square feet; ;;i"’\;     .  f l   4
¤ · i.   .,\`* ·  t       ·-e‘ e =  ~,»sv   i l ;
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» .'     ——··   ·~_             ··`»          
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I to . _. yl   fh  __,; ry .  \   _   I is M     , A . y `
N e l `
0, Temporary dams of brush constructed across gullies after the banks have been sloped l l `
l , and planted to black locust trees are effective iu retarding soil erosion, until the trees are ` g
  able to control conditions. . ’
 . Locust seed should be soaked in lukewarm water for 24 hours n { l
_ {  belore planting. The seeds should be dropped about one hall l . i l
I   inch apart in shallow drills about 18 inches apart, and covered l    
Q   about hall an inch deep with soil well hrnied down. Alter the ‘ i `
I ff Seedlings show thru the ground, the soil should ber cultivated light-   l g
0   ly. The bed should be kept lree lroni weeds and watered il neces- l ‘ i g
‘   sary. Seed beds made in soil inclined to lorni a hard crust, should y i .
x .·  . . . l y
4   llilye a light mulch ol straw or leaves until the sprouts appear. ll ]   l
  the seeds are planted lll late April or early May and have a normal g 3
\' jlil _ _· . . • ‘
·l  _. glll\\lIlg season, the seedlings should reach a height ol twenty-four  
°   to thirty—six inches by Fall. g 3
~- ;§ l  
Y   PLANTING TO CHECK EROSION l l
.   ‘
  . . . . . . w ;
1‘   Belore planting locust trees in a severely gulhed area, lt IS ad- I
y   \'1S2ll>le to break down the tops ol the gully banks and to build l l
ls  ; <`llCCl< dams ol logs, niill slabs, stones or brush across the gully  
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gl 8 Kentucky Extension. Circular N0. 333  »
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it . .
j g bottoms. No regularity of spacing should be observed and enough V t but 2
  trees should be set in the gully to stop further washing of the soil of a
’ V, as quickly as possible. Two to three feet apart is not too close. _ tall g
,   Living Check Dams may be formed by planting locust trees in j lmlg
V fg hedge formation from the top of one side of the gully across the . b0dY-
L Lf bottom and up to the top of the opposite side. The trees should V §`¤`l¤b5
  be set about two inches apart, in three rows about twelve inches _ when
}   apart, to form each dam. Alter the outwash of the gully has been ‘ mg 0
= ·   checked the stand may be thinned to gain better growing spate ,
T i , _ .
L .{ lor the trees retained. _
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i   Stone dams, with black locust trees planted on the sloped gully banks in the rent. cmp of
._ _ ,, may be used to check soil out—wash while the trees’ roots are getting firmly established.
é    _ they l
; · _'   PLANTING WILD STOCK time
f \V   Young locust trees or sprouts from roots may be dug [l`0lll On[1·(
. -   y nearby groves and grown successlully. Care should always be tuktll _ they E
. g __ § to keep the roots from drying before they are replanted. ln ])l`ii¢V· I moles
{ .   tice, however, wild stock has not proved so desirable as l'1Lll`SClVlV‘ ‘ planti
y   } grown stock. The stems, buds and root systems are better tlcvcloptd  ’ away
  F V. in nursery stock ensuring quicker growth when transplanted. W
  i _ INSECT ENEMIES [O dis'
  I   The Locust Borer. This insect injures locust trees by bo1`i11§ _ h\V°S“
    into the wood. Thus it not only impairs the growth of young uw 1 Mens
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  *‘  
  - K  i s

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 · Growing Black Locust Trees 9 Q
in but also impairs the quality of timber produced. It is the grub - P
ol` a black»and-yellow beetle which is common on the {lowers of § i
· <>· ldenrod feedin on the yollen. The beetle is about 3 inch ; ‘ s E A
ta go , g ] 4
. long and is characterized by zigzag, bright yellow stripes across the t _
. body, It deposits eggs on the bark of locust trees. ln a few days ’ y “ ' Q
 . grabs emerge and bore thru the bark to the surface of the wood i i y  
  where they stay o\’e1` Whltel`. Thell they bore into the wood, feed-     ` ; g
ing on the wood and growing thru the intermediate stages until y y y . g
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  A once worn and gullied area, of no use for agricultural purposes, now growing a fine ` A  
_   crop of black locust trees. i I ‘
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{  they become mature beetles and come out of the tree about the `   _ E
  time the tall goldenrod blooms. The beetles do not place eggs y y  
l  ·_ 011 trees or branches smaller than about an inch in diameter and t y l .1
’   they seem to avoid shade, so that plantings of small trees are not    
‘   molested at first, but it is im ortant to destror oldenrod about a F ‘
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` j  plautmg, especially the tall kind. This tends to drive the beetles § {
tl   away in search of food elsewhere. ‘ ya g
 *· . . . . *
  Weed growth in locust groves and plantations is very desirable, { .l
.  to tliscoura e borer intestation b t Jrovidtn shade. For this reason ‘
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U   li\'€Stock should not be permitted to graze in locust plitlltiltloll I ·i
*   .   . ‘ . · ;
._  g ·tiC·l> even alter the trees have crown to such Ll hevht that there lo
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fg   l0 Kenlucky Extension Czrcular No. 333 l
; up
    may be no longer any danger from browsing. Opening up locugr
  ,   groves by livestock grazing tends to invite the borer infestation.
  ‘·   The Locus! Twig-miner. This insect is especially injurious to
    young trees. The larvae of a small moth bore into and mine the Q
    twigs and branches of young trees, causing elongated swellings,  
J A   thereby weakening them and causing a tendency to break. Young  
E p   lOCllSf trees g1`OVVlHg Ol'] VCYY POOT land SCCIH [O be l'TlOS[ SUSC€p[lblQ  
i ’   to infestation by the twig-miner. Application of a fertilizer high ,
,`_.i, in phosphate, to depleted soil, tends to give the planted seedling I
      added vigor to overcome the twig-miner infestation. I
  nig Leaf Minmxs and Skelctonizcr. The larvae of a small, blark- l
    and yellow beetle and of several species of moth burrow between
l` QJ-it the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves of the locust. Some. _
{ >·§—| times the foliage is almost entirely killed so that the t1`€€S look °
l   brown, as if dying. Successful control has not been worked out -
  ci  but it is suggested to rake up and burn all fallen leaves and trash ‘
[lik:} under the trees. Application of an arsenical spray, early in the ,
E   $(321301], lllay h€ll).  
  si. TREATMENT OF BoREE-INFESTED PLANTINGS  
  i‘___ Plantings which are found to be so seriously infested with the  
  _ il borer that growth of the tl`€€S in height and diameter has stopped,  
  may be renewed from sprout growth. All infested young trees  
E, `»-_ 5   .· should be cut off close to the ground and burned. If the soil is  
  acid and low in phosphorus, the area should then be given an  E
  _.__   application of ground limestone at the rate of 2 tons per acre, and  
  of 20-percent superphosphate at the rate of 400 pounds per acre,  
  or an equivalent in some other phosphate. Then the area should  
  . be harrowed with a cutting harrow. This treatment should cause l.
  the stumps and roots of the old growth to sprout vigorously. After  i
  the sprouts have made a year’s growth, the straightest and strong-  
  est should be selected, spaced as near as possible six feet apart  
  each way, to remain, and the others should be destroyed or rt·  
 i moved to another location.  
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