the personnel of President and National Officers.  Mr
Jefferson himself fitly described it as a revolution; and
it was a revolution which seemed to be and was in cer-
tain senses permanent.  The Federal party had thrown
itself unwisely athwart the progress of the new Repub-
lic. There are two great elemental forces in constant
conflict; and they are represented by two great classes
of leaders-the one who believe in all that is of the
past; the other who look forward to all that is hopeful
in the future. The error of the one often is that they
will not see anything good that is not of the past; and
the error of the other is that they will not preserve what
is good of the past. Of neither Mr. Jefferson nor Justice
Marshall can this be properly said, and yet each was a
leader of his respective party. Jefferson always lived
in the future, but he al vays carried with him the wis-
dom, the power and the triumphs of the past. Marshall
was a conservative, but he was a radical conservative.
He believed in the old truths, the old traditions; he ac-
cepted nothing new without examination, but he was al-
ways ready to adapt the old principles to the new condi-
tions; to slough off whatever of the old had become use-
less and to build into the old house whatever was need-
ed for its new uses  They were also radically unlike in
their t emperament; they were neighbors, and neighbors
who differ and differ so radically, are more apt to be ene-
mies, for they have daily opportunity to feel aggrieved
at the differences which are daily presented to them
The success of Mr. Jefferson was a victory of the future,
and was soon followed by the great act of the purchase
of the Louisiana Territory, which I do not hesitate to
avow, was, next to the Declaration of Independence, and
the adoption of the Federal Constitution, the third great
step forward of the American Republic. The power of
Mr. Jefferson controlled every department of the govern-
ment except the judicial department. The Executive and
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