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is  ~  ¤·=»··· ‘ ¤$       . “ T·:-4:*3%.  *7 e  ' {ger. cf! —. t " FE? . lf §"§.` ‘ vf
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§  [ . As.  ‘ ~=·‘· *“~— Z  I    ··   .. .?ic»;~‘ \· l -e¤..·i§.2A..&4f$l.s..‘ ·*¤l7¤z». .Iil;··'3}•c.I.’ A
Fig. l.- This shows the tunneling of crunefly larvae iu the Fig, 2,- Muddy trails which dry into a hard crust nntrk the
· gr top 2 inches ol` soil. A dime shows the relative size of larvae siii·1’ai:€ iimiviiy of rraiieily larvae. This activity occurs at
and the tunnels, iiighi,
`V T0 ppgvgut (laluagg [0 lggpgdgza churning the surface of the soil; their `muddy trails _
t~ _ d . dried into a hard crust (Fig. 2). All of tlus activity
1 stan s, entomologists seek . _ , . D,
· prevented the lespedeza from getminating. 11ect
ie feeding also occurred, as revealed by close examina-
tion of plants and the stomach contents of larvae.
t Cranefly Larvae
~“ Insecticide Sprays
' `     A small plot test was conducted in a uniformly in·
( fested 7-acre lespedeza field. Population counts of 85
_ to 100 larvae per square foot in the top 2 inches of
ll? l· ('· l{0l)l{l(’Ul;Z soil were common. On March 27 plots 0.01 acre in
&* size were sprayed, using a compressed air sprayer
. Kentucky farmers should be alert in the fall to de- €(llllPP€(l Wllll ll lllll Pllllelll Tesisl llOZZl€ lllld lll°‘
tect signs of the swarming craneflies, particularly in PlYlllg 50 glllllllls Ol SPYRY llllxlllle Pol llCl°· rlllle l`°‘
` l' lespedeza fields. The flies lay eggs during October $llll$ Ol lllls lest lll? Pl`€‘S€`lllCfl lll Tlllllo l·
and N0Y€mb€1l’ Yvlllcll later hatch into maggots that Table l.- Control of (Iranelly Larvae Infesting Cerminating
may seriously affect lespedeza stands. LCsl,cd€,l,
*` C1‘&1ll€l’ll€S l`l;1V€ ge‘llGl`i1lly ll()t l)€‘€l] COllSl(l€1'6‘(l S€l`1-    IQ;-"·
+ ous economic pests, and few references can be found (T§$¤l·¤;;¤l;;¤};§“
_ _ _ _ HC H B 1 `¢ ' “' fri . .  *74**72 "   fg I
 J 4 in the literature of economic ventomology. In scattered **7 ,1.()mPhm€’ 45,ZE_M` 5 lb 102 7
  instances, however, real infestations have arisen; a 2_ Brig 10% wp_ og ll) ig)5 rss;
smug, notable example of this is the range cranefly which 3. DDT, 50% WP, 3 ll> 213 ll;
= - ·   · -. ·;-»‘ "2 22l ('—
  has sometnnes appeared nt (r2llll’()I`lll21 ranges, pastures     Q}; ’U all;} ms QH
. Q · . 1 A , · 0 , ......· · <
>m llllll tillllll- rs. ntmtimm 15% w1¤,o.-as m os
E ln Kentucky, reports of cranefly larvae (sometimes LQltcck—no trgilnfnt rgw L7iiW—g l Ugg gr
r l`€l‘il`l`€"l lo as “l€*llll€l"l*‘Cl"’lS”l dlllllg fltllllagc lo les' t»$i$°ip.‘1lL`?§l?é`p°i£§‘5`SiSZ.‘Z$€°t‘E{`Zi§L"§l`$hLEEY.lCc ‘Z.'2°5·»`L€`tH%T§ p‘é¥`Z‘S$£
f nedeza had been SC3.tt€1'€(l lll f1`€ u€11C until 3, hegv on March 27. Temperature means for test period: Max., 61°, Min., 3B°
l
_ _ _ _ F. Total precipitation for 3-day period: 0.13 inch.
" infestation occurred in Graves county in the early
V spring of 1953. The larvae, identified as Tipula cutie- Llle lll$lOlY $llldl€S» llllllle Qlllllllg 1953 llllll l95‘l»
..’ fans Say, generally were {Ouml in lespedem Helds Or revealed that the adult fhes mate and lay eggs in Octo-
, in such fields where spring oats were seeded in old ll€l` llllll €llllY Nlwelllllcl`- Tllc Cgi-is lllllcll lll l to 3
, lespedeza fields. The organic matter from the previous weeks. llllll lll€ l¥ll`Vll€ lllwlllllll l`llPllllY lll _llll’ $Pl`llll¥
l season had formed a thin, rotting mat on the soil sur- Wlllill lll€Y lll) lll€ll` lllllllll$€l`· rlll“Y l`l’llCll lllll glllwlll
*74 face, and the larvae were tunneling and honeycombing lll llle llll(lllll* lll lllc $lllllllll`l` “’lll`ll llll’Y lllllll sells 4
tht. top Sgvoyal inches of Soil (Fil ly C(mSl(lCml)l€ to 12 inches below the surface and remain inactive
" damage also occurred as the result of their habit of (C,,,,,i,,,“.([ ml paw, H)
sl Kmrrucitr Faust Axn lloxuc SClliNCli—lTAl.l. 1956 7
¢
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