Spraying Apple Trees. _ 47
. it a tough, gray; silken case, over the outside of which it fastens  
  fragments of leaves. The adultiis a small, black moth with trans- I I
  parent wings. _, L _
  This insect is so familiar to Kentuckians from its frequent in- l ‘
il juries to red cedar and other trees used for shade that it is hardly \ 1
Q'  necessary to do more than call attention to it as an occasional enemy y
g  of apple trees. These it attacks generally when cedar trees are in  
i  the neighborhood. The tough cases remain attached to the twigs 1 .
  over winter. The life-history of the bag worm is quite anomalous I ‘
  and interesting. If one examines the cases in winter he will find i .2
  some of them, generally the smaller ones, empty, with the dried I
~  shell of the pupa protruding from the unattaehed end. These are ll
  the cases formerly occupied by the males, which alone are provided »  
  with wings. Cases that were occupied in the summer by females  
  are found with the old moulted pupa shell packed full of small i 
  white eggs, which were placed there by the worm—like, wingless moth S  
  before she deserted the case. Since the female cannot fly the de- Y}
_ ° struction of these eggs in an orchard is commonly all that is nec-    
  essary to prevent injury the following season. Dissemination of  
ii the insect depends on the young larvae, which creep about some- ‘i“
  what freely, and may be carried by winds, on the bodies of animals,  
  or on vehicles, from one tree to another. But this is an uncertain  
  means of finding new forage, and it will be readily understood  
ij that the insect spreads slowly excepting where trees stand close to  
  each other.  
l. The eggs arc placed in the cases in late September and early  ’E
I g October. The adults were observed as exceptionally common on  
’ . September 25, 1893. By October 16, the eggs have been laid and  
i 1 the females have left the cases. They remain until from about i 
  the first to the middle of May, when the young worms come out  
‘   and begin at once to construct bags, partly of silk and of what-  
‘ I ever other material- is at hand. They will use bits of paper in the  
t   absence of leaves. The pupa has been observed during August.  V ,
3   The species is widely distributed throughout the southeastern  ·
M states. I have recently had a complaint of severe injury to shade j 
"‘?* trees at Madison, Indiana. It occurs everywhere in Kentucky, and  
` in 1907 was several times reported by correspondents as injuring  
h 5 apple trees.  
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