in Spraying Apple Trees. 51
  in. the country. Since inspection laws have been enacted, fewer y 
2 I · infested trees have been sold, but it is impracticable to determine y
  the precise condition of the roots of the thousands of young trees I
  in nurseries while they are still in the ground, and the most the l
  inspector can do is to detect the presence of the insect and exact a . l
“ promise from the nurseryman to withhold infested trees from the l ,
market. In spite of such precautions, infested trees are still some- I Z
  times delivered to buyers. Some years ago I had a few eases _  
  brought to my attention in which Kentucky nurserymen were ~  
  guilty. In most such cases the nurserymen claimed that this was l
` a result of oversight on the part of their employees. I suppose it ‘ { y
  is in some cases, but the fact that it may be done, makes it desir-  
5 able that everyone buying trees examine the roots for the woolly  
` aphis before planting them. If any one Ends infested trees, I . 
E should be pleased to have the matter brought to my attention. I I 
{ have no doubt that more than one orchard has remained unfruitful  
I from the start as a result of planting trees infested with this aphis. 1  
Woolly aphis work on the roots may be mistaken for crown gall i   
in some cases, but crown gall generally attacks the base of the trunk , {
beneath the surface near the origin of the main roots. It is not I 
so often seen out on the roots themselves, where the knots due to  ji
woolly aphis work are numerous. Not infrequently both troubles ·'
A are present on the same tree.  
There are two methods of dealing with infested nursery trees  Q
after they are taken up, one is by fumigating with hydrocyanic  
k acid gas, the other is by dipping in diluted coal oil emulsion. For  
the latter, only a large _tank is necessary and the trees after treatment yl
{ must be permitted to drain and dry as soon as possible. A very  
t Strong and warm extract of tobacco can be made to answer the  
I same purpose as the coal oil. In the orchard the procedure promis-  
l ing most is uncovering the roots as completely as possible and  
1 W0l‘l