Vitli cankers and even lasted long enough sli ·
V _ -   _ _ ghtl —
Fail- wr the hist fruit infections to be trees gettiqnoéethgliflxl sIc(§edt1i1linTE€
  mudssgitteg haavy early infections irgdicated that early spray wasiprori
wer_ `e , ey were soon pro- a y th ‘
t of duemg spores that in turn produced more C§mIEl)§te€g>(i1Ctii07l? taliledbrghgt for
rhitn Secondary] infccfions. The last few spray should be started earlierr Thug;
S seasons ave siown that there is is b th 1 t · · ’
most enough moisture following heavy urstyof€Juil1i.Vir(i€liregIar1r;/{8%] Or the
ated. dews and during cloudy periods fol- russeting it should b · O Spray
iade lowing brief showers and on high that the trees in thee aiigodgged Out
tive humidity days for bitter rot spores test were Golden Delicious a gliiqay
and to germinate and cause infection. the ones that received the sp b at
Doi- Since there was very little rain to deaux sprays at 2-week i tx Oi-
l}'(‘fl $pl3Sh and SDI`C8d thc   rot- starting Jul-l€ 7 \V€I`€ I]Ot run etrila S,
dry . s1Pores gboukt, it is further proof that a result and had an excellesiit? Surg}?
fave  · 185 an ot er insects played a large at ha· * t. It ' · . ·
t on » part in spreading bitter rot infections geneiiaili; that 1i·iiS§li1n§f1§r?g1§€d·{nOr€
after  Y in 1943. Itseems that the very favor- seting on Golden Delieiou tmbms-
Ned. C able_cond1tions for the development doug when Sprays are 3   Qing
;hcs_ ~‘ of bitter rot that result from very the humidity is high ggylgigxkeoiln
L as , light showers and humid, steamy ditions a ' —
mugs, · days have been generally overlooked ture is agoiigoltlozipdaitsige tgigiperg-
gg; i lgyktgroxveirs in studying outbreaks of caustic sprays in the pink and galyg
_ . , 1 er ro. stages. And furthermo th
l1¤· - In general growers were not is little dan, rg at there
_ _ = _ » _ _ ger of r t th '
~?*ilb> E aware of bitter rot infections in 1943 by Spraying it witllisiixiggal -5-6ff$(i
0 )ei until the Spots Started ghgwing 0n bO1`d€3L1X SpI`HyS after it reaches an
¤$°= _ the fruit about mid-June or early ibbb OF S0 in diameter, if dryin¤
_` July. _The presence of visable fruit conditions are good. c
  . infectionstis tootolftersi the signal for The recommendation then for the
- , a grower o star or eaux sprays to grower who had ·' b'
mer- prevent further infections. This is trouble in 1943 vvoiiéllcloblg toltggrtriii
it l> basically the improper procedure, late May or very earlv June and
iaxe _ for repeated_ tests have conclusively apply four applications. of -f-6-100
shown that if one waits until bitter strength bordeaux at 10-dav inter-
_ @02 spots clan hte ?en on the fihiit vals.] This period would probably
eore s ar 1n¤ or eaux sprays. ie over ap the fourth · · ~ r f '
disease _can neaver be checked as sat- first-brood codling riibthl ;1'?é3g)l`OCl;I;
isfactorily as when the sprays were ably the first spray for second-brood
_ started before lI11`OC.tl.OllS_\VCI`€ vis- codling moth. Where this is the case,
I 1 Q A ible. The same condition 1S`tl`UC but it should be understood that arsenate
1;;; i totan even greater extient with black of lead is generally added to the
A ro on grapes; IH w ich case, the bordeaux sprays whenever the spray ‘
SSE -° g;l£${Eill; $1b¤`¤>'S 81`0 8l>l>l1€d just as is to be effective against codling
wh ’ ${*1 $· _ moth. also. Our word of warnin¤
E\;];a_ · Extenswe tests of new materials would be to never wait until you se;
F8 in have thus far produced nothing as the first bitter rot spots if you ex- "
 . effective against bitter rot as stand- pect to control the disease. The suc-
t bib Zll`Cl`bOl'CiQHLlX mixture that is made ccssful fight against bitter rot is
wot, , up fresh 1n the spray tank from cop- chiefly a preventative rather than a
mid_ per sulfate (bluestone) and limo or cure after the disease has broken out.
mgm from stock SOlLlllOI'lS. The tendency Where the disease does get a start
Cn in Eats beenkin orchards known to have and spots can be seen, the recom-
Cum. 1 er ro , to start special bordeaux mended procedure. as in the past, is
, dl-y . 5l>1_`ayS about the middle of Juno but to spray immediately with -1-6-100
mid. evidence secured in 1943 indicated bordeaux covering the infected trees _
that earlier spraying should be bono- and those near them to try and check
hou-- gvial. In a bitter rot spray test at the spread of the disease, and to pick
txceug Wensboro, where the first bordeaux off and destroy as much of the spot-
* and was applied on June 7 and followed ted fruit as possible. This spray
state. by tive more sprays at 2-week in- should be repeated at least twice at
very t@l`V3l$, the disease was not satis- weekly intervals to build up a cop-
nocu— taetorily controlled. One test tree per deposit that will be at least
lutbfé gb? lsot the first spray on June 7 partially effective against the spread
an U ad no later sprays had only of the disease.
3