9
t
 
.&»   F
A AA . A A   __,AA,AA.   · l4__: A   ‘ { ·
‘ · z   ......   'i ,w"‘/M4' · ` ‘> i f    A if . i
  Aa  " .·/·/» · ?;~ ‘“   A-==i > ··V·’’· g ,,,_  ·   ,   V V ‘ V ,   4v   "‘· ·»
' 1 1, A r . A __ = A , _Af"='   "~"` M NAU
Y/limi}  57:7     m¥‘*& -   A   A- {   7**:    A ~       ”   ‘‘*;·=   V           '9§ »»‘» ""`\ , `
.·’»              1 .’_-         A -A       A.A_A   AA     V ··`V·‘‘=   c A-   AA.»   A.·A   A   —. * A
     V     `   VV··      V `       »=—V  AA  Q  ·J’‘·       AA     »‘·=· A  ¤ A `‘——AA,.   "
      Q    A-Vv   ‘‘V‘‘‘‘ ¥   ··V‘i=`         A 1     A-‘‘’   A  ’ : V»AA A °< At A- ,··_ A   AA   .·AA A  
  ; ,AAA ;      AAAA T? ·’ * [ *_`* " ‘'`` "       ' ` ’ AAAAAAJS   ’/.· ;.;’     ,:c AAV-   AAAA A A       »,_‘ AA A—·· '     ‘
 A4  ’ This   '``’ A     A AA `‘`;’’‘’`   _'“‘V·       AA»—AAA   A·A·‘-§ Y   As·i`·;   Ml?
 ""'i¤*?"YALAi‘:,°{:'j»·.E‘%’*   A-   “'»'` A   " ”" “”*’    ‘»=·‘’     AAAV     if ‘```·;   »’_V_‘ *   ‘'`’` `   °`’"4'°   AAA     AAA_`   A
 ·      .A/Ar   A A V V ‘   "           »»A·     A-..     _AAA   ‘‘·`A i
If    A A Agri A A · · v sA —   A_   _· I
  ’’`‘‘‘   =A.   A·A·   AAV.   A   A ‘  
      A__v_   -_=_   :A_ A     ,A_A           _ __ A A    AA -A   4,,;,.
_·»··j *   :A» A' AAA     ·   M   ,‘*t=;,. A~¢ h‘# AA; }t·A;A·;AA_AA;:   Aj]?.  3,  3; ;     A?A·A¤~;A;g}¤A,;_r,,_AA.AAAA,A AAA   AA  A· AA   =·j_.__;·~*t  
A::;’§A, A     --AV‘·· "is·kQ A-VA ‘ ‘‘A’  .’  =-·   A'A—’     A;  ·'`. = A W
The outdoor test model was designed to get information structural arrangements, such as a double-layer roof, were
concerning 14 types of roofing materials. The effects of also studied. ***7
U.K. agricultural engineering study of various types of roof ,.,.A
materials and structural arrangements reveals ways XA
by which summer heat can be reduced
D ' H t ° F B °ld' ii
€C1°€3S1I]g 63 ll] 31111 lll 1HgS  
By FRANK BA BORRIESA ]R- were much superior to roofs which had the top `°*l
"·‘·*~" ····’*· * ~f "*·’)' ·<·’ ’"/ ****’·t· mm isysi only. This wss because heat transfer through MA
Excessive heat in farm structures, a big problem double roofs was much less. A
in hot summer months, can be reduced by use of He constructed his double-layer roofs so the 4-* `+
certain roof materials coupled with certain struc- rafters would form duets (troughs) from the bot- ( g__ *
tural systems. That’s the opinion of the U.K. Agri- tom to the peak for air circulation. The space between
cultural Engineering department based on an ex- the rafters of these slope roofs was left open so that ’ ‘A
tensive study on roof materials and structural schemes. the air could circulate through these ducts. The ducts F,. `
For instance, says Blaine Parker, department head made a virtual self-cooling roof. Fourteen roofing com-
who conducted the research: Sloped roofs that had binations were tested. Thermal radiation and heat
a double layer—one atop the rafters and one below, transferred from the inside layer of the roofs were A
with the ends of the rafters open for ventilation-- used for roof comparisons.  
\··= `
    ____,`   Mil A V`/°j{?"Z°#i?Z»i??'*`~”&'f§€i* l §Q·@¥”Yf,  'V; --»*  =-; 
      ‘A°A’     A—‘`-?   AL   ‘·‘*’···     AAAAA     AAAAA     ’·’‘‘  A  5
     A            Ta  :i’’       AAA—.        
  AA»A        `~¥   ==·    
  ?“ ” i   `·’»AZ   r  t
» " W      - '.'    ` *`” '’‘`‘·  ,A.»~   ’ ¤A,éL¢>»~   " A   NAA A- gk 
This is the set-up used in the tialibration of  _ _AAA__A.AA,_AA- AA ,A §___A_A_A__AAAAAAA,A A A A   A_,_: A __A_     A ·_VVA ,   __:A_        
the black globes designed for thermal radia- A A    A `¤°]’Qf_AAZA¥A_   AA.A· A _A_v,__‘v__vA   _A··A;;-A      ___`4 A A ¤L` ’A-·___ ;   A.A· A-» ,   {
. A L.  ·    -·A-=    ·   ‘`*>   ri"' ,*2 ‘>··A» 2   A- ~   »:‘A   ’`_‘  Y ~  
tion measurement. The difference between     ·’s=· s  — Aw··-·    ¢ ; ;A·A; r~·~—-~·-i~   ;__      __4 A   ·s..A ~   »··· ‘  AA *   `’·· ·           www =
the air is used m determmmg the thermal ‘·A_ riff?     · ‘·~— <   A  ·_ AA _ its gif A A   ¢s· A;  AZN!  L; 
A. ·. - :_ ;F s    `AA`     _:.A     A»s;r·*  ·   ’~=»    * AA   ‘  A A s=‘’‘‘   · * 5;;;   AA;  ‘AAA   is  
""l"""""   A AAAAA ; ; -AAA At   AAA           iis     st’i$i Z   *’  
§§§  ‘  ~{¥2·· ` »_AA   A-A     ,A " sr  i       4  A_’   _     °   1/{,,2 I g
A   .AAAAA!‘; ¥   _;  AA        AAA i.A=_A   A  A .AA;,A, "'s'=;;:' i,   if ‘¢§ AAP
(Tha- three pluvtograplis illustrating: this article were `T§Af_\ {AA: ·  AA   gix X    A}    »’ A,A__vAA;Aj·aA  ~ fu SAX
nnatlc by Earl Younu. Departnient ol .·\grieultural "A·     ci \A __ A A     `F  AA·i"·   AV ",»` ' A
x . A [ /!
i·:uuu..·.-uuut Fx = A*¤ °*t¤\\ ·;  ~   =-·AAA2    ?*   ’  AAA   A     is/··
` I {   Q _‘?*   ,* ’   ii.;   Mira   A,  Ay, '   ’ _! ·
\ s A xA~,\xA ‘ QA ~$: A   ·‘ A A A-€;A     A; ` ·  sA-Af, . ?*" _
    ut   ‘     »AA_“‘‘= ? lAA=iA _A `{   f ·
t~¢‘°  sw   AA-  A~AA       A-s‘ ·~   A`‘     ’ A .
" NQ \/ A xs `A  AA.= &2*is&*‘i—;A;;A;i%=§    ’   ‘·A·     "
  ` ";`\   '`c’=A:   AAAA  c C   »     iiii V   AAA l
P",  — AAAA   A-sA;·t‘e i   ··AA· i ‘:‘s‘e   "   AAA-     ,_
•   AAAA A{·ui¤iAQ  iii` i   AA.`Ai»   V   s`AA»·` ui Ai,A     ·A·c~ < As·- A   __A· A A - A  
Al _A  AA—    ==-        il;‘    ’~··A:  
  *i` A    A E‘`;     `‘·*     =  A AA  
`> s¤T· · ~ ’-     -—`;:a·¤ —-AA:   as->A*iiA7st      ~AA.; .  
  ;:`‘’             
    ~`»» s isf as ”¥     ’ *A*A;A2~  'A    **}~  
sA;AA1s#AA s¢A%s:A»   ""`        ‘`‘   -AA_A ss.   ZL     A· »-  if  · "
      if    AAA      ‘ »#    AAAA   w  ·
» ~`*`=’ ‘\·`~~—·>€ A As- ·~~`A#s ~~ ‘ °‘ AA   ~‘  t\—~ss—n+AA  A; `I."·" ; Nw " AA r"¤·»A`“<,s      " 2
  AAAA   i    W ‘~t*` ”   `’AAA`     2 ? ‘°ir   ·