GENERAL BASIL W. DUKE

449

"Cavalier" and " Puritan " as little akin as Caucasian and Mongol. Very few of them, even of the well informed, chose to remember or cared to consider whether a residence of some two hundred and fifty years in localities not greatly distant from each other, and exhibiting no great dissimilarity in climatic conditions, could have wrought any decided change in the natures of men who came orginally of the same breed and from the same lands.

A bitter quarrel had prevailed long enough to cause them temporarily to forget their earlier history, their pioneer struggles with the wilderness and the savage, the toils and dangers they had shared in the Revolution, and the more recent years of fraternal effort and glory. They were angry with each other and found it distasteful to admit or believe that they were of the same family.

That they are fundamentally the same people, notwithstanding any variant influence of environment, has been abundantly shown by the numerous examples, in peace and war, in which the Northern and the Southern man has each, under similar circumstances, acted in the same fashion, evidently urged by like impulse, and as might have been expected of an American descended from staunch British or Teutonic stock. There were notable instances of this during the Civil War. "Blue-blooded" Southerners, following their convictions, fought for the Union and adhered to "Yankee" ideas with a tenacity equal to that of the grimmest Puritan. There were men of Northern birth, who, by long residence in the South, had become thoroughly imbued with Southern sentiment and thought, and had developed what are generally considered the salient traits of the Southern character. I knew men from New England who became inveterate "rebels" and, as Confederate soldiers, displayed that reckless dash and daring, once thought to be essentially Southern, in such degree as to win them notice among the boldest of their comrades.

Yet while in all material respects, in blood, in traditions, in ideas of how conduct, social and political, should be regulated, and in their general mode of life, almost the entire native population of this country, fifty years ago and previously was as nearly homogeneous as any people, so numerous and spread over so wide an area, could well be, there were minor differences in habits, manner, and speech that were noticeable    :far more so,