xt70p26q239q https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt70p26q239q/data/mets.xml Arkansas Historical Records Survey (Ark.) United States. Work Projects Administration. Division of Professional and Service Projects. 1940 x, 112 p.: ill.; 28 cm: UK holds archival copy for ASERL Collaborative Federal Depository Program libraries. Call Number FW 4.14:Ar 4k/no.65 books English Little Rock, Ark.: the Projects This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed in accordance with U. S. copyright laws. Arkansas Works Progress Administration Publications Archives -- Arkansas -- Searcy County -- Catalogs Searcy County (Ark.) -- History -- Sources -- Bibliography -- Catalogs Inventory of the County Archives of Arkansas. No. 65. Searcy County (Marshall) text Inventory of the County Archives of Arkansas. No. 65. Searcy County (Marshall) 1940 1940 2019 true xt70p26q239q section xt70p26q239q ‘- M.NHLHMWOWUWWW

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~, FOREWORD
} The Inventory of the County Archives of Arkansas is one of a number
d, of bibliographies of historical materials prepared throughout the United
? States by workers on the Historical Records Survey Program of the work
3 Projects Administration. The publication herewith presented, an inven—
fl tory of the archives of Searoy County, is number 65 of the Arkansas se-
? ries.
The Historical Records Survey Program was undertaken in the winter
of 1935—36 for the purpose of providing useful employment for needy un— ‘
y employed historians, lawyers,teachers,and research and clerical workers.
‘ In carrying out this objective, the project was organized to compilt in— . .
‘ ventorics of historical materials, particularly the unpublished govern- ’
mont documents and records which are basic in the administration of lo—
cal government,and which provide invaluable data for students of politi—
cal, economic, and social history. The archival guide herewith presented
is intended to meet the requirements of day—to—day administration by the
officials of the county, and also the needs of lawyers,busincss men, and
other citizcns who require facts from the public records for the proper
conduct of their affairs. The volume is so designated that it can be
used by the historian in his research in unprinted sources in tho same
way he uses the library card catalog for printed sources.
The inventories produced by the Historical Records Survey Program
attempt to do more than give merely a list of records —- they attempt
further to skatch in the historical background of the county or other
unit of governmont, and to describe prcciscly and in detail the organi—
zation and functions of the government agencies whose records they list.
Tho county,town, and other local inventories for the entire county will,
i when completed, constitute an encyclopedia of local government as well
as a bibliography of local archives.
Tho successful conclusion of the work of the Historical Records
, Survey Program, even in a single county, would not be possible without
the support of public officials, historical and local specialists, and
, many other groups in the community. Their cooporation is gritcfullg ac—
’ knowledgod.
, The Survey Program was organized by Luther H. Evans, who served as '
National Director until his appointment as Director of the Legislative ‘
Reference Scrvice of tho Library of Congress. He was SuCCcode on march
" l, 1940, by Sargent B. Child, who had served in the capscity of Field
Supervisor since the inauguration of the Survey. The Survey Program op—
erates as a Nation—wide sorics of locally sponsored projects in the Di—
-' vision of Professional and Service Projects,of which Mrs. Florence Kerr,
Assistant Commissioner, is in charge.
F. C. harrington
Commissioner
S
t

 F
f
f PREFACE
. The Historical Records Survey was organized in Arkansas in March
5 1956,as a part of the Federal Writers' Project. In November of the same
I year, it became an independent part of Federal Project No. l, and Howard
9 Reed was appointed State Director. Mr. Reed was succeeded on November
2, l958,by Robert L. Baugh, who served until August Bl, 1939, at which
time Federal Project No, 1 passed out of existence. On September 5,
1939, the Arkansas Survey re-opened as a locally-sponsored, state—wide
# project, with Howard H. Jacoway as State Supervisor.

The Arkansas Survey operates under the general provisions of the
Research and Records Section of the Division of Professional and Service
Projects of the Work Projects Administration. The project is sponsored
by the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Arkansas. Six—
ty—six county judges act as co-sponsors.

The Inventory of the County Archives of Arkansas, when completed,
will Eafiéigt of 76 VBIEEEST_SHE~volume fbr—Each of the 75 counties and a
volume on county government. The books will be numbered according to
their positions in an alphabetical list of the counties; thus, this vol—
ume, Searcy County, is No. 65.

This inventory is divided into two parts. The first part of the
book contains an historical sketch of Searcy County, brief essays on the
governmental organization and records system, the housing, care and ac- '
cessibility of the records and an explanation of the abbreviations and
symbols used in the inventory. The second part of the book gives a list—
ing of the records of the county, which are segregated under subject
headings, according to the office of origin or of final deposit. Rec—
ords are described in entries whose style is formalized to give the fol-
lowing information: Title of record, dates for which available, quanti—
ty, labeling of volumes or containers, variant titles, description of

‘ record contents, manner of arrangement, indexing, nature of recording,
size of volume or containers and location. Each aroup of records is pre—
ceded by a brief explanatory outline of the structural set-up of th; of—
fice to which the records pertain. In the chronological index, record
entry numbers are arranged chronologically by decades and in the subject
index they are arranged alphabetically, with cross references.

The inventory of the records of Searcy County was begun in the .
courthouse at Marshall August 1, 1938, and completed April 1, 1940. The

' field workers were Mrs. Maggie Kuykendall and Olen I. Gibson, who worked
under the supervision of Hand Barker, District Supervisor of the Histor-
ical Records Survey. The legal and historical research, writing, editing

' and publishing was done by the State Office staff, under the direction
of Raymond Foster, State Editor.

. The Survey is indebted to a number of organizations and individuals
. Whose cooperation and technical advice have made possible the completion
of this volume. Among these are: The Arkansas Historical Records Sur—
vey Advisory Committee, composed of Dallas T. Hernden, Little Rock, Soc-
rotary of the Arkansas History Commission, Dr. David Y. Thomas, Fayette—
)

 I.”
Prefaca
ville, Senior Professor of History of the University of Arkansas, Kason
. E. Mitchell, Conway, H. h. Hosford, Dean of the College of Arts and Sci—
ences, University of Arkansas, and J. M. Malone, County Judge of Lonoke
;‘ County; the Little Rock Public Library; the Arkansas Supreme Court Li-
brary; the Library of the Secretary of State; the Arkansas Library Com-
. mission,Judge W. G. Fendley and other county officials of Searcy County.
3 The Survey is now engaged in preparing a volume of the general laws
regulating county government in Arkansas. It is expected that this vol- I
ume will serve as a handbook on the organization, structure, and evolu-
tion of county government in Arkansas and will make it unnecessary to
repeat certain items of general information in the various inventories. ',
The office essays in this inventory are, therefore, limited to the cre—
ation of the office and its present status, the manner in which it is
filled and the term of office. Pending issuance of the volume on county
government in Arkansas, it is suggested that the reader consult the In~
ventory of the County Archives of Arkansas, No. 23, Faulkner County, f6;
more-detail;d_essays than thosenfcu3d_in—the~present inventery.

A list of earlier publications will be found on the last page of
this volume. The books have been distributed to state and local librar—
ies; to a limited number of libraries and agencies outside the state,
and to each county judge in Arkansas. Requests for information concern-
ing any of the inventories should be addressed to the State Supervisor ,
or to Dean H. M. Hosford, University of Arkansas,Fayetteville, Arkansas.

Howard H. Jacoway, State Supervisor
Historical Records Survey
Ear Memorial Building
Little Rock, Arkansas
June 1, 1940
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I XI. Juvenile CC)IJI..t ICOIOOOIOIOI...'IO|.IOQIIIUUICOOOOOIOIQUOOOI'OOI 54
XII. Justice of the Peace .......................................... 55
Docket.
' XIII. Prosecuting; Attorney .. 55
-:§ viii
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:3 Page
[X XIV. County Attorney ............................................... 56
fr; XV. Sherlff IOCOOOIOCOIOOOICOOIIICQIIOOCOIOIQ.OCOUIIOIOOIIIOIODD... 0U
. .
~g Papers. Fees. Prisoners.
j; XXII. COI‘OIIGI‘ IOOI‘IIUIOICOICIQ‘IIIUI‘OOOOiItIIIIIOOOOOOOI'IIO‘IIOOOI 57
XVTIII Collstable I‘OIIOUIJII.IIIIOUCCIIOII...I.DUDOOIOOIQDODI30IOOIIII 57
XVIII. QuorumCCuI.-t O...D'ODODOIIIO'ICOIIOOIOI..‘IOIIOOIOIOIOOIIIIOCII 58
- Papers. Proceedings.
XIX. GOuntbrclerlc OIOOIIVQOIOUICCOOOCOIO...IIOOOI.I-II'IICIIOOIIO'II 59
Papers. Financial: Accounts; audits. warrants. Assessment ”
and taxation. Tax collections. Delinquent sales and redemp—
tions. Elections. Pensions. Marriage. Corporations. Pro-
fessional licenses. Livestock. Firearms. Officers.
XX. Tax Assessor .................................................. 67
XXI. Board of Equalization ......................................... 67
XXII. Township Board of Assessment and Valuation .................... 68
XXIII. Tglx COllOCtfilr .IDO‘IOIIICOOIQC'IDIOOOOIOIIIIOIOCIOICIODOIOCO... 68 ’
YLXIXVTt County’ Trei-LSUI‘CI‘ I.IIOO‘IUOIOI.-.O'IIIOIO'IOODOIIIOOIOIIOIIQDOO 69
Receipts. Accounts. warrants. Bond issues. Schools.
XliYJ. DireCtor Of C&)llT1t:.7A\1ditS .gc-ouno.-n-uoonouoooocc-cococuo-oo-o 7]-
XXVI. Commissioner of Accounts ...................................... 7l
XXVII. County Board of Election Commissioners ...................,.... 71
XXVIII. Board of Registration ......................................... 72 .
XXIX. County Examiner of Schools .................................... 72
'_ Reports.
XXX. County Superintendent of Schools .............................. 75 '
XXX-In count), BUard Of Education DIOOOQICIOIIICIIIIIIQQUIDOUG-lotto... 7:)
, XXXII. Board of School Commissioners ................................. 75
. XXKIII. School Directors .............................................. 74
X—X—XIVO Hepklt‘l1IIIlit AUDIOII...‘.|.II‘|It...I‘.‘OI.QIIOOOQIII...C.‘D...| 74
» Correspondence. Reports. Medicines. Case reccros. Mater-
nity. Teachers. Index.
.5: ix
.fifi
1 MI E
I ‘ .... ..— ‘

 1“; I‘
1 Table of Contents
F Page
XXXV. County Board of Medical Examiners ............................. 77
‘ XXXVI. County Department of Public Welfare ........................... 77
Correspondence. Applications. Visitation. Grants. Finan—
. cial.
’ XXXVII. Confederate Pension Board 80
_ XXXVIII. Surveyor . 8O
XXXIX. Timber InSpector 81 i
XL. Agricultural Extension Service Agents ......................... 81
County farm agent. Home demonstration agent. Correspondence.
Information. 4-H Club.
I-liSt Of county OffiCials oto-o-uvau-onnaonoatoouloo-unnooouuo-I 83
Arkansas Counties in the Order of Creation .................... 92
Bibliography 95
Chronological Index ........................................... 98
Alphabetical Index lOO '
List of Survey Publications ................................... 112
x
I ‘

 :i
(First entry, p. 30)
l. HISTORICAL SKETCH
= Searcy County, in the northern part of Arkansas (1), was created by
. an act of the General Assembly, December 15, 1838, of territory taken
from the southern part of Marion County, As described in the organic
act, the boundaries were as follows: ”Beginning on the eastern boundary
- line of Marion County; thence west to the line dividing Marion and Car—
~ roll Counties; thence south with said line, to the Van Buren County
line; thence east with said line, to the eastern line of Marion; thence
north with said line, to the place of beginning", the north line being
located so as to give the new county an area of 900 square miles, (2)
The county lay south 0? Mirion between the counties of lzsrd, Van Eur n, ‘
and Carroll as they then existed, and included portions of the present
counties of Stone and Baxter (3). The county was named in honor of Judge
Richard Searcy, an eminent Territorial lawyer, Jho lived in Independence
County (4). The nuns of Richard Scorcy was given first to Kdrion County,
creattd in 1855 from a portion of Izard County, but in complisnco with
the wishes of the pgople of Izard County,the name was changed to Harion,
two years before the pr sent county of Searcy was cr;uted (5).
On Jinurlijr 12, 1355, the boundri‘y lino betr.r;;n Surrey and Tan Huron
Countiss was altzrod by an act of thc C nlrsl Aoscnbly (6). Finally, in
1875, portions of the county were taken to Eocene intefrol ports of the
new counties or Baxter and Stonc,ond a part was annexed to Lirion County
(7). The pres nt county of Scnrcy COHpTlSLS 673 squurc miles of moun—
tsinous country (8), bounded by Boone and Isrion Counties on the north,
‘ Baxter and Stone on the esst, Vun Enron and Pop: on tht south, rnd Iow—
ton on the West (9),
Ehlsical Characteristics
Searcv Count" lies in two divisions o“ the nhysi03riphic province
of the Ozark Plutlsus, namely, the Eoston Hount11ns, cov ring nest of
the southern half of tho county, find the Springfield Elfit; u, ext4rdi:g
over the remainder of the county, The topoirsphy of the Boston Hountnin:
is very irregular, varying from Stub? cliffs to deep, ndrron vallcvs,
Although tht surface of the Springfield Plateau is generally roufh in
some areas it is gently undulating, forming what arc locally called
”prairies", which comprise to; better farm lind of the county, (10) The ’
(l) Arkfnsas 1§;§;T-EEE§DEETEEEE— ”—777—_Ei. £11., 1873, SST—BET ITTT
mission,0fficinl Highxay Ser— (3) U. S. Burcsu of the Census,
vice Map?" (Heroinditfr_cit:d Fiftusnth Census of the Unit—
as Offigisl highway Mun, EE”§ETETE,FUTEifitifiif‘i;5ETT.
(2) n. TiigferDSG-dd, iL—jfi7- ZTiETTfiZEREEF“ ciil:T_ as Fif—
(3) Official Highway Map. tccnth Census, TogulatioitT:
(4) ZfiTElEFTETI Singul: 33:31eurs {Uld ER:;§?_Yf—lilCTIT,_7JfiTTDS‘&;‘ 33
hikers of fal:ni§§:::rfagghf Itr Flofil , II, 77?:_‘—‘—'_m~
(5) lI—TZfTfljg-lff§§:_~‘;. 64; L. (5) DTTioidl—Dithgy Cap.
j_r1«;., loco—:15, (lo) irismsfi ””— __.. Flaming
‘ (6) L. Ark., 1653, p. 193, Board, 22131:: 3:pcrt, luof, '
y I
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1 Historical Sketch (First entry, p. 30)
’ average elevation is 1,085 feet, although a large part of the county is
‘ only about 650 feet above sea level (11). Witts Springs, in the south—
; western part of the county, has an elevation of 1,853 feet, while Gil—
.’ bert, situated on the b‘uf‘f‘alo River about 8 miles northwest of Marshall,
has an elevation of 675 feet (12). The soils of the county are princi—
' pally of limestone origin, which under favorable climatic conditions are
. commonly adapted to general farming and fruit production. however, in
the southwestern portion of the county where the terrain is steep and
rocky and the basic rock types are sandstone,shale, and slate, the soil
is classified as "non—agricultural." (13) The county lies in the lead
and zinc bolt of the State and has deposits of lead, zinc, phosphate,
manganese, iron, and limestone. Black marble of unique quality is found - ‘
- near Marshall, the county seat, and in Wiley's Cave. (1%)

Searcy County is considered one of the most healthful sections of
the state. Vital statistics, based on the 1030 Census and on average
deaths for the 5—year period from 1930 to 1335, show the death rate per
100,000 population as follows: From malaria, 9.0; from typhoid, 9.0;
from tuberculosis, 36.1. These figures contrast with the corresponding
figures for the state which are rs follows: malaria, 51,2; typhoid 14.8;
tuberculosis, 65.1. (15) marshall, situated in mountainous country at
an elevation of 1,070 feet, has a mean annual temperature, taken over a
period of 15 years, of 59.8 degrees. The highest recorded range of ex—
tremes is from 24 degrees below zero to 108 degrees. The average annual '
precipitation from 1924 to 1030 was 47.78 inches, of which 14.6 inches
occurred as snow. The aVorago length of the growing season w1s217 days.
(16)

Searcy County is drain d chiefly by the Buffalo River, which flows
across the northern part of the county and empties into the White in
Iarion County. A number of small streams empty into the Suffalo,inolud—
ing Tomahawk and Water Creeks from.the north, and Fear and Fig Creeks
from the mountains in the southern part of the county. The southeastern
section is drained by the Middle Fork of the Little Red River. (17)

The Ozark National Forest nOW'includes small sections in the south-

pp. 7, 9. (Hereinafter cited secs. 1%, El, 59.(Hereinafter

, as Progress Report.) cited es Climatic Summary.)
» (11) Nin'éi'é‘enth Biennial Report (15) Progress I‘Z‘TT—o 23, 59.
from thé’EhFEQu of rEEEET"han— (14) EE§EE“TT‘TEBSE§, Arkansas and

ufactur;s and—KgFichlture 3?“ Its People, 11, 77?: _m_

the State EE?FEEEES s for the (15) irbrrjts_§cport, p. 215.

flarF'i‘LT’39—E'21T1—ifi'df" Tm“ (16) 61““: *3“; secs. n,

. Wi‘ififfisrcftfif ‘18 Nine— Titles—TEV,‘

teenth Biennial Report.y—a_—‘ (17) Arkansrs Geological Survey,
(12) U. S. DEEErtmont-3f_Xgricul— Topographic Man of the State

ture,fieathor Bureau, Climatic B?“EFEEH§I§C'73£F§15E?£EF““

Summary o_f the United—States, cited—us mgruphii 11:12.) '

,;fi
2 a

 _ 3 _
Historical Sketch (First entry, p. 50)
western and northwestern parts of the county; however, the proposed ex—
pansion of the forest preserve would include approximately the southern
' half of the county. In the northern and western parts of the county are
privately owned forests which are under the protection of the Arkansas
Forestry Commission. (18) The county lies in the hardwood section of
the state with a valuable timber growth that includes white oak, post
oak, hickory, gum, walnut, and sycamore (19). The numerous streams of
the county are known for good fishing while in the hills and forest,
there is still much hunting. In good seasons, many fur-bearing animals
are caught. (20)
Big Hurricane Cavern,the most widely known among the numerous caves J
of Scarcy County, is two miles southwest of Pindcll near U. S. Highway
65. The name was given to the cavern in pioneer days bccuuSo of a storm
which swept through this section, uprooting giant oak trees. Scientists
and tourists are attracted to the cavern by the rare and beautiful stone
formations and the evidence of prehistoric occupation. (21) In addition
to their b:auty,the stalagmitcs are of special interest since scientists
have discovered a method of determining their age and therxfore the
probable age of any human remains contained in them.(22). The ruins of
Big hurricane Mine, named for the same destructive, storm, are near the
entrance of the cavern. Today the site is marked by ”mine shcfts frovn
over with vines, mill houses with caving roofs, and rusttd machinery,"
(83) '
Blowing CaVo at the flag station of Zack on the liSsouri and North j
Arkansas Railroad is so called because a wind seems to be blowing con-
tinously through the long corridor. The low t;mporature in t?, C'v:
enables fruit growers to use the place to store fruit while it is await-
ing shipment. (24) Other caves of interest in the county are Dame‘s
Creek Cave about 6 miles east of Marshall; Point Pet r Cave Hoar the
place of that name; Pruitt's Cave near Marshall; and Wind Cave, l5 mil:s
southwest of Marshall on Highway 27 (25).
The drive on U. S. Highway 65 through Searcy County is one of the
notable scenic drives in the state. The wild azaleas along the highways
and by forest trails are among the attractions that bring visitors to
the county. Near St. Joe are marble bluffs that bear pictofiraphs, indi- ,
(18) State of Arkansas, Fifth An— (22) Vance Randolph, The Ozarks,
11.1111" EEpBR—‘IF-thefifiafifi p. 8. *— fl
. rBFEsefi§”66fim1§Eififi‘ for the (23) Harrison, (Ark.) Daily Times,
fiscal Year Ending 3656 30: July 14, 1356. 'ufi—‘—
155§7‘577§§.'”_-'_' __— (24) Dallas T. Herndon, Centennial
(19) Bineteenth Biennial Report, History of Prkansas, I, GOG,
' E} 211._-. (25) Harrison, (Ark.) Daily Times,
(20) Little Rock, Arkansas Demo— July 14, 1936. ‘_—‘_—l_”‘_mn
' crat, Decenber 11, 1938. (26) Arkansas writers‘ Project,
(21) Ibid., September 11, 1932. NPA, Arkansas: A Guide to the _
51‘.)
'y i

 _ >1 ..
3 Historical Sketch (First Entry, p. 50)
i eating that the bluffs have long been used as a landmark. (26)
. According to tradition, there is a rich silver mine in the county,
.' discovered and mapped by De Soto. As late as 1800, an Oklahoma man
_ claimed that he had discovered the location of the mine from an old Hex—
‘ ican map of 1580. (27) Another treasure story is that, during the Civil
War, a hermit named Tabor, who lived in a cave on Tomahawk Creek, made
. ornaments from silver which he claimed that he found in a silver mine.
I‘ This mine has also been sought for more than 50 years. (28) .
Another point of interest is the Devil's Back Bone, a narrow ridge
between Marshall and Leslie, over which U. S. Highway 65 runs down into ,'
Marshall. This drive is said to be one of the most picturesque in the '
Ozarks. The ridge derived its none from the fact that in early days the
flat surface on the top was only about 50 feet in Width. (23)
In the opinion of many who have visited this region, "The Ozarks
have potentialities for recreational development far beyond anything
that has yet been realized. The climate, the streams, the woods, and
the wildlife make these regions excellent playgrounds for thousands.”
(30)
Historical Backgrgund .
Archeologists have found ancient remains,indicating that many caves
and bluffs in this section of the state were once occupied by primitive
people, known to scientists as cave dwellers and bluff dwellers. Wins—
low M. Walker, anthropologist of the Smithsonian Institution, discovered
in 1951 in excavations along the Buffalo River in harion and Searcy
Counties, artifacts that revealed signs of prehistoric cave drellers.
4 Among other material exhumed was an "atlatl," the prigiiiv. thro in;
stick of ancient Mexico,which preceded the bow and arrow. In discussing
his discoveries, Dr. Walker said that the records indicate little else
than that "the people were evidently a primitive tribe, devoting most of
their time to hunting, fishing, eating, and sleeping." (31) There is
evidence also that the Caddoan tribes came into the Ozarks from the
, south about 1000 A. D. (32).
This section of Arkansas was not specifically described by the ear— .
1y travelers and explorers, though the "herds of wild cattle" toward the
~ north, mentioned by De Soto's men probably referred to the bison or buf—
Statc, Tour 5. of Romantic firkansas, I, 284,
(27) Troy E. Lewis and Octavius EEBT~_—
Coke, eds., The Scrapbook of (29) Scrapbook of Arkansas,p. 397.
Arkansas Literature, pp. 561: (3.) frbgress—heportjw_pT.39.
I?§T"7§k?€3§§1tor cited as (51) Eittl:_§ockj__grkansas Demo—
. Scrapbook of Arkansas.) crat, September 27, 1951
(28) Fred w. fl'Iso’pp, Folklore (52) Randolph, 2 333., p. 5 y
y 1
. v

 _ s —
Historical Sketch (First entry, p. 30)
; falo that roamed over this part of the state cven within pioneer times
it (55), thus giving the name to Buffalo Fork (54). The French Canadian
' trappers left their mark on the county in the name ”Ozark”. Some au-
' thorities believe that the name is an anglicized form of "Aux Arcs", an
' abbreviation of "Aux Arkansas”, the name applied by the traders not only
to Arkansas Post, but to the river, and the mountains north of it. (35)
, Another explanation is that the torm.was originally applied to the In—
" dian inhabitants of these mountains, who traveled aux arcs, with bows
(36).
i The land lying within the present boundaries of Searcy County was
, claimed within historic times by the Osage. The designation ”Osage” was I '
a corruption of the Indian name of the tribe by French traders, who came
in contact with the Indians in western Missouri. iccording to Lewis and
Clark, about 2,300 Osage migrated to Arkans;s in 1802, and took posses-
' sion of all the land north of nrkansas River extending'eastward to the
Mississippi, a claim recognized by the government when the United States
acquired the Louisiana Purchase. (37) In 1808, the Osage ceded to the
United States most of their land north of the Arkansas River, including
the present County of Searcy (58). Thomas Nuttall, who explored the
Arkansas valley in 1819, came in contact with these Indians, then living
in the extreme western part of the territory, and wrote of then in his
Journal as follows: "Thile in...thcir company...thc stranger is sure to
be protected... To be found upon their mirpaths is... criminal. These
particular routes, which they pursue in quest of their enemies, are rec-
ognized by beacons, painted posts, and inscribed hieroglyphics.” (35).
In 1817, the Government granted to the Cherokees part of the terri—
tory ceded nine years before by the Osage,greatly to the dissatisfaction
of the white squatters and hunters who were berinning to come into this
part of the country. For 11 years,this area formed a part of the Chero-
_ kee reservation. (40) The Cherokees, of Iroquois stock, readily assini~
lated the manners of the white people. Nuttall comments o