xt70vt1gmh19_2 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt70vt1gmh19/data/mets.xml https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt70vt1gmh19/data/2016ms029.dao.xml Hayes, William 1.35 Cubic Feet 2 boxes archival material 2016ms029 English University of Kentucky The physical rights to the materials in this collection are held by the University of Kentucky Special Collections Research Center.  Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. William Hayes coal mining scrapbooks Coal mines and mining -- Kentucky Scrapbook text Scrapbook 2017 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt70vt1gmh19/data/2016ms029/Box_2/Folder_1_13/2016ms029_2_317.pdf 1970-1997 1997 1970-1997 section false xt70vt1gmh19_2 xt70vt1gmh19 . g4 \ . if“ _ﬁ.; -' -'= ' "‘ ' 5 _.'7 ' ‘4;
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. This unretouched photograph shows a reclaimed area as it looked in May, 1970, eight months after it was surface mined. - l
: 7 . There are many misconceptions about surface mining . A. As. practiced today, surface mining is far more con- earthmovmg operations are planned to prevent as much i
. 7 ,. 7 7 espeCially as it IS practiced in the mountains of . structive than destructive. But there’s Just no getting as poss1ble any disturbance to the natural watershed of i
7 eastern Kentucky. Our purpose here 51s simply to help around. the fact that land temporarily disturbed'by sur- the area. Then, after the coal has been mined, the dis- ;
-_ you separate fact from ﬁction. _ face mining isn’t pretty. Whenever large quantities of turbed area is graded and the high wall backﬁlled to a l
5 . - _ Despite claims to the contrary, seams .of coal in earthare disturbed, the area 15 bound to be unSightly for height of four feet above the coal seam being worked,
4 4 mountainous terrain can be mined responSibly by sur- 4 a while. This is true whether you are movmg earth to Followmg grading, the area is fertilized and seeded with - l
. 7. 7 face. methods. Such seams are, in fact, being surface buildVa highway or a darn, digging a foundation for a legumes and grasses. ’5 4 - ' i
- mined right now in eastern Kentucky. Properly. Respon— building, or surface mining a seam of coal. Too often, 7 7 . _ ‘
57 _7 Sibly. And- With prompt and successful reclamation of however, critics of surface mining dwell solely on this 0.- What are the dangers 0f acid mine water polluting the 5
: -. 7 _ -. all areas disturbed in the process. part Of the operation and ignore the work that has been streams and kllhhg ﬁSh and plant hfe ?
I ~ 7 ' A_s surface-mine operators, we take seriously our done in reclaiming land for worthwhile and productive A, Acid mine water is a problem of mining raw coal in =
enVironmental obligations to the people of Kentucky . purposes. Bear in mind, too, that reclamation is prompt 5 some areas of the country, but not in eastern Kentucky . '
- - - anldf the nation. Wisgppgrtdstnct accllherence $0 ptroper and all operations are carefully controlled. . ' where most deposits of coal have a low sulfur content.
7. su ace-mining met 0 s. n we en orse rigi en orce- I h ' ' ' ‘ ‘ ' 4
.. , . . _ 9 , - n t ose rare instances where a01d mine water is found to ,..7
» 7 . '. merit of Kentucky’s surface-mining and reclamation law. Q‘ Controlled ' Isn t the “It" Just pushed helter-skelter b bl l t' ' th t ' d 5
4 7...,” Th t' d h f 11 - - over the Side of the mountain? e a pro 6914 regu a ions require a _impoun merit \
, 5 :7 5 .5 » b e ques 10115 3711 answers t at 0 0W “(111 give you a , _ 7 , , bas1ns be built to prevent this water from being released \ _ .
. .7. . etter understanding of the facts surrounding this issue. A- Every phase 0f surface Thlhlhg, from lhltlal Wt ”0 into streams or rivers. '
. .. . 7. \\ . We hOpe you Will take the time to read them. 7 ' 23.131 grading and d seelding, 15 planned and controlled. - 5 V \l
5 ' 7.7 , . 7- . . . - . 5 '4 1r St, a cut 15 ma e a 011g the Side Of the mountain to Q. Is there any truth to the rumor that the mining industry -7 \7
5 -'~7 ' ‘ ' ”4, 7 Q' Isn t.“ true that surface mining WI." eventiially r “m the expose the seam 0f coal. However, the width of this out plans to phase out deep-mining operations in eastern Ken- ' '
» 4.. mountains of eastern Kentucky, leavmg gaping scars and b h ‘ 1i 't d b 1 ‘ d d' h 5 - - - 9 ' 5 ' " l
. . . . - 01‘ e110 1S m1 e y regu ation, epen mg upon t e tucky in favor of surface numng . 4 . .1
7 7 -7 Mg the slopes into bare and sterile sporlbanks?V _ 5 degree of the slope. This in turn limits the amount of A None whatever Under round minin alwa sl'has . l
“5:77.75 -. ‘ A. Far. from it. Today land disturbed by surface-mining earth which ‘is displaced. In many instances, a “box” b. d .11 t" t bg th . . 51g - y fth i.
75711;;7 . - . operations, In eastern Kentucky must be eﬁ‘ectively re~ cut is made to reduce the amount of spoil going over the 11:33:? 03:11 11023511316 0t e Kc ﬁiﬂgp 53:?” 0- -' e 3
72:7 _7 .. 7 7 claimed under the law: We can, however, understand side. In other words, only the ﬁrst cut is allowed to fall '5 elm, lso ed 0:; a; aﬁagdqiilhctcto deey’jfhlinii‘ie méﬁlgg 7 .
sz .: _ your concern. The public image of surface mining is any- down the slope. The overburden from each 1r o p ya; ably ds -t-J f 1 th pt,- c ldg a t b0 ‘ '
.5 . ~ . thing but good . . . and not entirely undeserved. additional cut is then carefully built up on gulf“: gtheic‘ wepoiiosr 2-sfzcegble 35110151158 12331 i: 5
,7 4.77 . 7 _In the past, abuse of land _by some operators was top of this initial layer of displaced earth. f d 5 3th ' a); t p ‘ "f '1 ' 1 i I
_ ifs—,1, 5.74.7 fairly common. This was particularly true in the early The result looks like this: doun 1.” d e perime “7°” on crop area 0 prev10us y 7 '
ﬂ 7 . . years of surface mining and during World War II. In the ' Q B t h t M t 1 ti 4, Is ’t th' . t “hit eep-mine seams. .
,. 4 . - 5 «4 . uwaa urecama on. n is usa -or- . . ' - . '
. 7. 4. . . mountains of Kentucky, such areas are called orphan miss”. r0 osition 9 J Q. If the principal source of coal comes from deep mines, 7
y . 7 - banks. Unfortunately, these eyesores constitute a leg- 1’7 P ‘ . why surface mine at all" Isn’t this being a bit greedy? i
V ' acy of abuse that we have inherited. But such irrespon- 7 A. Deﬁnitely not. Reclamation is just as important to 7 .5 5 ' ' 3
5 7' 7 . srble practices are no longer permitted. ' responSIble operators as the mining phases of their oper- 31 1;, hhght seehtihsi- ,hht most PeOPllea (hnce they 1(th . 5; -
' 4 ’ ‘ . 5 . ations. And they’re doing a ood 'ob f 't It t b 6 ac 5) agree a 1 15 necessary. 0 ﬂy as never ' l
, 7 . 9 4 g J o l . mus e . . . . . . 1
7.37 7. . 7 2-3th not - If it happened before, cant It happen . remembered, however, that there’s no such thing as fore coal is in critically short supply. America’s indus- ;
1' ' g ' ' - 7 7 “instant” reclamation. Successful restoration of mined ' tries depend “19.0? 1t: S‘? do you. More than half 0f the . ’
7 5 A. Not really. Today the law and re lations of the an ta 3 im ' ' count s electric1t lS roduced b coal. It IS needed in
_ 7 $117 e t e . . . time for seeds to germinate . . . for ry 7 , y P, Y . .
7, _ - ~ commonwealth carefully spell out reclamation and plant- root systems to develop . . . for vegetation to take hold V33”; quantities for making steel: And thousands 0f by-
. 7 - mg schedules for surface-mined land. Kentucky, in fact, and thrive. products come from coal: medicmes, chemicals, plastics, . i
. has one of the strongest reclamation laws in the-nation. Reclamation of mined land in mountainous terrain nylon, cosmetics. Things you use every day. ’ - ‘. - -
' ' 7 . . Among other things-{regulations under the law limit the is a relatively new science. But much progress has-been At present, there are millions 0f tons 0f much-needed . .3
» amount of earth which can be displaced and require that made. Hydroseeding techniques are now commonly coal “1 eastern Kentucky that can be mined only by 7 7
7 5 . .5 enposed coal becovered Wl7th earth 111 a hmIted time or used to seed and fertilize graded slopes and benches. surfaCe methods. Neither the mining industry “91' the i / 5
. 5 . 75 . distance. In addition, the disturbed area must be seeded Experiments have been undertaken with state and fed- natlon can afford to lose or neglect this valuable mineral . ‘
5 1. ‘ 1n the next planting season to obtain coverage 0f at eral conservation agencies to determine the advantages resource. .TO». obtain thls coal we must disturb the land ‘ .
'5 7 ’ ‘ - _ least 70 Pel' cent. ' ~ 5 of various seeds and legumes for speciﬁc reclamation temporarily. Thls 15 one price WP pay for our American 7
. _ .. V77. ' Even prior to the enactment of the law, many respon- needs: for restoring aesthetic beauty to the land 7 7 7 for standard of livmg. But we dont have to pay the price :4
7 3 7 ' ‘ Sible operators made it a practice always to reclaim stabilizing the soil against erosion 7 7 7 for quick cover forever. Today, under the 18W, surface-mined land 15 » ‘2
4777- _7 . 7 surface-mmed land . . . not because the were re uired w is re i u ' _ always reclaimed——— rom t1 , ro erl , res onsibly. l -
.. 7 7 _y 7 q s a grasses and shrubs develop...for attract P P y P P Y P ,
' ‘ 5 . to do so . . . but because it was the right thing to do. ing wild game and bird life. ' ~ . . 5 ‘ i
- . 77'- 57 7 Wh - . . __ Q. What other beneﬁts result from surface-mimng and _g
' . .5 7 . . - _ g'i not: :gﬁﬁeolsngable shouId an operator choose Q. What consideration is given to preventing the hap- ‘ reclamation activities in eastern Kentucky? - ;
- '7' ‘ 7 A $11 If ' h . h h .11 hazard destruction of timberland ? j _ A. The creation of readily accessible and usable ﬂat land 5 l
.- .t Thplma res artilsea’ere enoufg htoéhsurel: 3157 91‘!" A. ResponSible surface-mine operators see to it that in mountainous areas 15 one of the prime beneﬁts that 7!
g , nigh 1e aVZEIVeSh e lreetOIﬁ) 1t ell entuc .y “/1151th timber in a section to .be mined is selectively cut and surface mining has to-oﬁ‘er. Mined land that has been ” l
' 0 cc ama 19h” e power to a ta operation-s W 7“" harvested prior to mining the coal; And although it is properly reclaimed can be used for many worthwhile . 7
4 5 5 45,5». ‘ Cher the reqnirements are hOt being met. In addltloh» not required by law, many operators plant trees on the purposes: home sites, industrial sites, cattle grazing, ‘ .
- 7 ihe opefator “915.31 minimum ﬁne ,Of $1,000 3! day Whhe outslopes after the land is reclaimed to provide reforest- solid Waste disposal, game preserves, and recreation and
' 7 - reguiignzthgghegms. tCOTthPhahtCe 11’s ﬁdrltah? insure? bby ation and more effective stabilization of the soil. - tourist areas. . ' 5 ‘
' ' ' . . pera .0" 0 P05 a on e ore WOT e- . . ‘ Still another beneﬁt is increased em 10 merit in an .
-' ' 5 8th 1h amounts ranging from $100 “3 $590 an acre for Q‘ Aren’t Ian'tilslidesp °°.}“m°“ occurrence m areas that area where jobs are scarce. In the cougtigs of eastern :
Eli/ah acre affected. If the area 18 not reclaimed PFOPeT1Y4 have been 75“ ace mined ° _ 7 7 7 7 Kentucky, the surface-mining industry has provided 5
7 . . e ‘onds are forfeited and the proceeds placed in a A. Landslides are always a pOSSibility in mountainous thousands of men with good paying jobs 7 _ _ jobs that
hpecmlfundfor reclamation of the area involved. Sur- terrain, whether or not land has been surface mined. otherwise would not be available . . . that contribute to
7 ace mining is no longer a do-as-you-please industry. But today 5 effective reclamation methods have vastly the support of many additional thousands 7 . . that help
7 i . Q. How is surface mining done in mountainous country ? reduifd the danger Of serious landslides 1“ surface- stem the7ﬂ0‘7V70f 0111' young people to the mills and plants
_ A. In eastern Kentucky, seams of coal appear as opt- mine areas. 7 _ L 0f the big Cltles' - i
4 . Chips on mfunﬁm slopes . . . like icing in the middle of Q. How do you control silt and debris ? Aren’t they car- * * * * - * - *
' 5 ‘ a ayer ea c. ost of the coal is removed from the tied into the streams to cause ﬂooding in the hollows? . ' . . 4 § ,
. , . . interior of the mountain by7deep-mining methods. How- - - 4 i - ~ AS surface-mine ope rators,_ we have two hesPonSlbleJObs ” '
. . ever, weak rock formations make it too dan erous to A. VPrior to beginning an operation, the operator 18 re- to perform: to supply the nation With its demand for 7 g
7 _ deep mine coal near the outcrop To et atgthis coal quired to build Silt basms and check dams to stopsedi- more coal . . . and to return surface-mined land to bene- S
7 ,. 7 around the edge ofthe seam, a surface of; is made in the ment and debris from clogging the streams. _In addition, ﬁcial use. We intend to do both Jobs well. i
’; 5 ‘ hillside. The operation is much like building a highway ‘ i
7- . on a hillSide, except that after the coal is removed, the I , ,
‘7 _V . 7 4 area 18 gradedand planted with vegetation instead of - 7 -- ' W‘ '
. ._ ‘. :: 7 _ being paved With asphalt or concrete. SURFACE MINING AND . ‘ I,
7.5. ' ‘ :7 5 7 7 7;. - 7 Q. Even so, isn’t surface mining a destructive and un- ' ' A I 2
': ‘ - '5 5. i ‘ .V Sightly busmoss? . RECLAMATION ASSOCIATION A" N " i I
». ”7 2201/2 SECOND STREET. PIKEVILLE, KENTUCKY 41501 5'
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