xt70vt1gms9d https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt70vt1gms9d/data/mets.xml Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 2005 journals English College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station The Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 117th Annual Report 2005, June 30, 2006 text 2009ua018 The Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 117th Annual Report 2005, June 30, 2006 2005 2005 2022 true xt70vt1gms9d section xt70vt1gms9d AR—llB "KAGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY—COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE The Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 118th Annual Report 2005 UK UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY College of Agriculture University of Kentucky 0 Lexington, Kentucky 40546 To His Excellency, The Honorable Ernie Fletcher Governor of Kentucky I herewith submit the one hundred and eighteenth annual report of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station for the period ending December 31, 2005. This is done in accordance with an act of Congress, approved March 2, 1887, titled “An act to establish Agricultural Experiment Stations, in connection with the Agricultural Colleges established in the several states under the provisions of an act approved July 2, 1862, and under the acts supplementary thereto," and also the act of Kentucky State Legislature, approved February 20, 1888, accepting the provisions of the act of Congress. » Very respectfully, W 7771 Q% Nancy M. Cox, Associate Dean for Research Director, Agricultural Experiment Station Lexington, Kentucky June 30, 2006 Contents Purpose of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station ....................................... 7 Statewide Research ..................................................................................................... 7 Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center ......................................................................... 8 Regulatory Services ................................................................................................... 12 Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center .......................................... 16 Tracy Farmer Center for the Environment ............................................................... 18 Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Projects ............................................... 20 Collegewide Extramural Funding ............................................................................. 22 Intellectual Pr0perty ................................................................................................. 27 Publications .................. 29 Graduate Degrees ...................................................................................................... 44 Financial Statement ..................................................................................... ' ............. 46 Staff ........................................................................................................................... 47 Departments .............................................................................................................. 48 Experiment Station Affiliated Departments and Centers Agricultural Economics Animal and Food Sciences Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering. Community and Leadership DeveIOpment Entomology Family Studies Forestry Horticulture Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Landscape Architecture Livestock Disease and Diagnostic Center Merchandising, Apparel, and Textiles Nutrition and Food Science Plant and Soil Sciences (formerly Agronomy) Plant Pathology Regulatory Services Robinson Station Tracy Farmer Center for the Environment USDA—Agricultural Research Service-Forage Animal Production Research Unit Veterinary Science West Kentucky Substation Purpose of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station As a land—grant institution, the University of Kentucky is responsible for serving the people of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The College of Agriculture, with its research, teaching, and extension activities, has developed a structure and organization to provide the mandated landvgrant services in agriculture and related areas. The Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station has been providing research results to farmers and rural residents for more than 100 years. The continued advancement of Kentucky agriculture attests to the benefits of applying new knowledge and technology. Much of the research leading to increased quantity and improved quality of Kentucky’s agricultural output was performed by the Experiment Station. College researchers also have successfully addressed problems of agribusiness, consume ers, international trade, food processing, nutrition, community development, soil and water resources, and the environment. Although much Experiment Station research has immediate application to agricultural and natural resource—related prob— lems, scientists are also involved in basic research, generating new information to help solve present and potential problems. The ability of Kentucky producers to be competitive in domestic and world markets requires an expanded base of knowledge in emerging areas of research applicable to agriculture, food, and natural resources. This Annual Report lists Experiment Station research proj’ ects and publications completed during 2005. A personnel list is also provided. The research programs of the Kentucky Agricultural Experi— ment Station have benefited Kentucky’s agriculture over the past century, and the results of present and future research will continue to serve Kentucky’s primary industry. Statewide Research Research activities of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment . Station were conducted at Lexington, Princeton, Quicksand, and Owenton and in counties throughout the state in 2005. Efforts are constantly made to ensure that the research studies have application to the problems of all Kentucky farmers and other clientele groups. Locations of the experimental facili— ties provide conditions representative of most sections of the state. Map Position 1 ° Campus—Laboratories and specialized equipment for all research program areas. 0 Coldstream—Maine Chance—Spindletop Farms—Beef and dairy cattle, poultry, horses, sheep, and swine; forages and grain crops, tobacco, and turf. 0 South Farm—Fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals, including organic production. ' UK Animal Research Center (Woodford County)——This farm was purchased in late 1991 as a location for development of staterofathe—art food animal research programs. Map Position 2 0 At Princeton (Caldwell County), the Research and Education Center facilities and the West Kentucky Substation Farm are devoted to research on grain crops, beef cattle, swine, fruits and vegetables, forages, and tobacco. Map Position 3 0 At Quicksand (Breathitt County), the Robinson Station is the location of research on fruits and vegetables, ornamentals, forages, grain crops, tobacco, and wood utilization. Quicksand is also the headquarters of Robinson Forest, which spreads over parts of Breathitt, Perry, and Knott counties and is the site of forestry and watershed management research. Map Position 4 0 At the Eden Shale Farm, located in Owen County near Owenton, experimental and demonstration studies are con‘ ducted on forage crops, tobacco, fruits and vegetables, and beef management. Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center The Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center is charged with the diagnoses of animal diseases and perfonnance of tests that safeguard the health of the animal population in Kentucky. The Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center helps identify infectious diseases, iden— tifies chemical and toxic contaminants that may harm animals or humans, diagnoses nutritional diseases, identifies regulatory diseases, provides the means to meet export sales requirements, and provides an early warning system for impending epidemics. The objective of the program is to provide veterinary diag— nostic laboratoryvbased assistance to veterinary practitioners, farmers and agribusinesses, companion animal owners, wildlife specialists, and public programs. Also, laboratory support is provided to the animal disease control and eradication programs of the Animal Health Programs, Kentucky Department of Ag riculture. An outcome of handling complex and difficult cases is consultation and continuing education for veterinarians in veterinary diagnostic medicine. The program provides surveillance for emerging and endemic diseases such as West Nile virus (WNV) infection and for possible threats to Kentucky agribusiness such as foot and mouth disease. Also, for more than 17 years prior to the introduction of the USDA’s National Surveillance Program, a stringent program to monitor for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as mad cow disease, has been in place. LDDC routinely submits data as well as specimens to the USDA’s National Surveillance Program. Animal owners use the Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center’s services through their veterinarians who have expertise in select— ing, preparing, shipping, and submitting the proper specimens for testing when necessary. When reporting its findings, the laboratory will involve the submitter’s veterinarian since this professional often is in the best position to recommend and administer treatment and preventative measures. Professional and technical staff are specialists in essential scientific disciplines directly related to animal health. Disease diagnostic efforts are coordinated and handled by specialists in the appropriate disciplines. The Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center is organized into sections so that specialized workload/ activities can be handled efficiently. Highlights: Faculty and staff continue to participate in the mare repro— ductive loss syndrome (MRLS) diagnostic and investigational efforts. The number of equine abortion accessions of all breeds are posted on a weekly basis for the winter and spring on the College of Agriculture Department of Veterinary Science Web site. This weekly posting of abortion accessions was done to help the equine industry manage concerns about the perceived long—term impact of MRLS. Identifying the cause(s) of equine abortion continues to be a major effort since the spring of 2001 when MRLS first occurred. Starting in the summer of 2001 and in cooperation with the Kentucky Department of Public Health and the Kentucky Department of Agriculture, the Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center conducted assays for statewide surveillance and diagnosis of West Nile virus (WNV) in birds, horses, and mosquito pools. The Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center provides laboratory support for the Kentucky Depart! ment of Agriculture and the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources for surveillance of chronic wasting disease in the wild and farmed cervid population. In last year’s report, readers were informed that the American Assodation of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) had placed the LDDC on provisional accreditation because of major facility deficiencies. Following notification of the actions taken by the AAVLD, a capital improvement request was taken to the Kentucky General Assembly during the 2005 session, and the legislature approved $8.5 million for Phase 1 to upgrade the LDDC. The actions taken by the legislature will provide essential changes and enhancements that include increased floor space to perform animal necropsies, install an alkaline tissue digestor to handle carcass disposal, and improve the overall laboratory biosecurity. Phase 1 does not provide the funds to upgrade the other services essential for full accreditation; there— fore, additional funds, Phase 2, have been requested to meet the level of support and the implementation of new technologies to promote animal health and productivity required by Kentucky’s signature equine and cattle industries. The Kentucky General Assembly will be asked to fund Phase 2 of the upgrade during the 2006 legislative session. During 2005, concerns about the potential spread of avian influenza type HSNI to the United States drew intense national interest. In response to the requests from the local, state, and national poultry industries, the Kentucky Poultry Federation, Breathitt Veterinary Center at Murray State University, and LDDC have put into place a statewide surveillance and testing program to monitor for the introduction of the H5N1 strain as well as strains of lesser disease potential. A veterinary epidemiologist was hired and joined the program on February 1, 2005. A section of veterinary epidemiology is being created with the goal that real—time reporting of disease outbreaks and occurrences will be routine as soon as a complete, reliable database has been created. ' Quality Assurance Program LL. Brown At the recommendation of our accrediting agency, the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, a quality manager was hired ]uly l, 2004, to organize and imple— merit a laboratory quality assurance program. Embarkation of this systematic method of identifying and eliminating all forms of waste in work processes while improving performance and service delivery is a new program for the Livestock Disease Diag— nostic Center. The Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center Quality Program goal is based on the university mission of improving service delivery while achieving excellent human relations, sound leadership, and effective communications. The program is being designed to focus primarily on standardization of work procedures that allow improvement of the quality of service to our internal and external customers. It is a never—ending, long— term development that is evolutionary in implementation, yet revolutionary in vision, scope, and impact. Integral to this process will be the participation of all Live— stock Disease Diagnostic Center laboratory sections in quality assurance activities such as participation in intra~laboratory proficiency testing, standardization and documentation of test procedures, strong adherence to good laboratory practices, better documentation of testing, tracking customer complaints, and improved training and competency assessment of employees. The overall program goal is to continually improve service delivery. Public Services Pathology LR. Harrison The Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center provides services in necropsy, histopathology, and surgical biopsy. Pathologists evalu— ate changes found at necropsy and correlate lesions with other laboratory test results, including light microscopic examination of tissues. A comprehensive report is prepared for every case requiring the services provided by the veterinary pathologists. Necropsy: A postmortem examination is conducted to identify any injury or change in an organ that has resulted in impairment or loss of function. Total Necropsy Cases ' 5,104 Avian 160 Bovine 1,149 Bovine fetus 136 Canine and feline 361 Caprine and ovine 451 Equine 2,100 Equinefetus 644 Porcine 26 Other species 77 (exotic—zoo, wildlife) Histopathology: Tissues are prepared for light microscopic examination to reveal changes in body tissues due to disease. Tis— sues of 8,7 19 cases were processed and examined. In addition to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue section, special and immunochemical stains were done on 370 tissue preparations for the purpose of identifying microscopic organisms/agents that cause diseases or tissue antigens that define cell structures. Biopsy: Small tissue specimens are prepared for light micro; scopic examination for evidence of neoplasia or other diseases. Tissue samples representing 4,440 cases were processed and examined. A report was generated for each case. Cytology: Preparations of cells denuded from tumors or other type lesions, recovered from secretions, and exudates for micro‘ scopic examination. Cytopathologic examinations were done and a report generated for 482 cases. Bacteriology/Mycology ].M. Donahue The primary mission of the Bacteriology/Mycology Section is to detect or isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria or fungi present in animals. The section also determines the antibiotics that might be used for the treatment of specific bacterial infeo tions. The section is also responsible for culture of bacteria for two federal/state regulatory programs: CEM in equine and brucellosis in bovine. Highlights: ° 15,471 aerobic cultures were performed on samples submit— ted to the Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center; significant bacterial pathogens were found in over 50% of the samples. 0 1,203 milk samples from dairy cows were tested for micro— organisms that cause mastitis; Over 50% were positive for pathogenic microorganisms. 3,348 different bacterial isolates were tested to determine the , antibiotics that could be used for their treatment in exposed animals. 0 6,269 samples from horses were cultured for contagious equine metritis organism (CEMO). All horses tested were negative for the bacterium, demonstrating that the disease no longer exists in horses in Kentucky. 0 Approximately 2,400 samples from horses were tested for the presence of leptospires, and tissues from 15 fetuses were positive. These results indicated that leptospirosis was one of the more common causes of equine abortions in 2005, but less prevalent than in 2004 (37 cases). Using funding provided by the Graysonajockey Club Research Foundation Inc., the section provided data to prove that the bacteria responsible for the death of fetuses in natural and in experimentally induced cases of mare reproductive loss syndrome are identical to the bacteria found normally in the mouth and alimentary tract of horses. ' In conjunction with the Molecular Biology Section, we are evaluating a PCR method for detecting Crossiella equi and Amycolatopsis spp in equine placentas. These bacteria are the primary cause of nocardioform placentitis in equine. Molecular Diagnostics S. Sells The Molecular Diagnostics Section uses assays designed to detect and identify the specific nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. This application takes ad— vantage of technologies in molecular science that have been developed during the last decade. Nucleic acid based tests are now used so that unknown organisms can be identified, closely related organisms can be differentiated, and small numbers of pathogens can be detected in complex samples. Highlights: The section offers specific assays for over 30 pathogens and has been increasingly used to confirm the identity of isolates cul’ tured in the Bacteriology and Virology sections of the Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center and area veterinary clinics. During 2005 testing requests for Streptococcus equi, equine herpesvirus, and Lawsonia intracellularis increased substantially. The numbers of the most requested assays include: Streptococcus equi 608 (63 positive) Equine herpesvirus 603 (61 positive) Moraxella bovis 37 Mycoplasma bovis . 74 Lawsonia intracellularis 198 (56 positive) Clostridium perfringens 58 Equine nocardioform piacen titis 1,286 (8 positive)* Neorickettsia risricii 62 (12 positive) West Nile virus 103 (2 positive birds) * Due to Crossiella equi; 7 due to Amycolaropsis (1 of these from Florida). ‘ Serology B J . Smith The Serology Section provides accurate and timely results for both diagnostic and regulatory. testing. This provides vet— erinarians and regulatory personnel with data upon which to base their decisions. These tests also enable Kentucky to export animals intemationally. Testing for animal diseases was available utilizing various testing techniques. A total of 189,514 tests were performed. Highlights: Anaplasmosis 278 Avian influenza 11,255 Bovine Leukemia Virus 769 Bruceliosis 9,117 Contagious equine metritis 1,346 Equine infectious anemia 54,843 Johne's disease 1,250 Eeptospirosis 4,728 Mycoplasma gallisepticum 45,258 Mycoplasma synoviae 45,251 Neospora caninum ' 516 galmonella pullorum-typhoid 14,903 Virology M.L. Vickers The Virology Section of the Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center provides diagnostic virology support to the laboratory _ pathologists, veterinarians, regulatory officials, and the Com— monwealth and Federal veterinarians. Highlights: This section provides 55 different tests, including 33 fluores— cent antibody tests to detect antigens of viruses in tissues, 14 serology tests to detect antibodies of viruses, virus isolation for cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, goats, cat, dogs, birds, reptiles, etc., as well as electron microscopy and various tests for the demo tion'of viral antigens such as influenza. In addition, this section 10 maintains 10 tissue culture cell lines that are used routinely. The section performed 27,031 tests during 2005. Of this total, 13,5 26 were virus neutralization serology tests completed to meet regulatory requirements. The section has recently initiated a pilot project testing for animals coming through the Stockyards carrying the bovine viral diarrhea virus. Kentucky is one of the largest producers of calves east of the Mississippi River. Removal of a source of potential disease problems would give added value to one of our most important commodities. This is the sixth year of funding from the Kentucky Depart ment of Public Health by the Centers for Disease Control for West Nile virus (WNV) testing. The purpose of this grant is for surveillance/monitoring of WNV in wild birds, horses, and mos— quitoes. West Nile virus is transmitted by mosquitoes. Mosquito trapping was carried out by county Public Health technicians, and pools of these insects were identified and submitted to the laboratory for testing for WNV and other viruses transmitted by mosquitoes to horses and humans. Birds have been the most important sentinel species to provide information on the earliest activity of the virus in a given locality. The public was encour‘ aged to submit dead birds to the local Public Health Department for shipment to the laboratory. Testing of birds and mosquitoes for WNV was done as a cooperative effort of this section and Molecular Diagnostics which uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to test for the RNA of the viruses. Toxicology A.F. Lehner The principal purpose of the toxicology department is to contribute to the long'term profitability of primary producers of food animals and animal athletes in Kentucky by supporting the practitioners of veterinary medicine across the Commonwealth. The toxicology department supports the LDDC pathologists by making it possible to identify, investigate, and quantify ele ments and compounds that may contribute to observed organ or tissue abnormalities that may be relevant to the differential diagnosis. The toxicology department also performs analyses of samples submitted by veterinarians, Extension agents, and private owners to assist in diagnosing problems that affect herd health initiatives. A variety of assays were routinely performed that identify poisonous substances in tissues taken at necropsy or from varia ous samples submitted by veterinarians. Tests performed include analysis for heavy metals (mercury, lead, arsenic, chromium, etc.) and other elements, pesticides, plant toxins, and a variety of other toxic substances (cyanide, ethylene glycol, etc.). Blood, serum, and urine from liveanimals are assayed for mineral/ele’ ment deficiencies or excesses and toxins. These assays are per‘ formed when a potential toxicological problem exists based on animal or herd symptomologies and when a pathologist identifies changes in tissues/organs that are consistent with Specific toxic agents. Highlights: Tests performed in the toxicology department in the past year include: Number of Analyses Method/Substance Performed GC/MS analysis (instrument used to identify 492 organic toxicants) Nitrate, nitrite, oxalates, and other anions 133 lCP analysis (instrument used to identify 1,503 heavy metals and other elements) Cyanide analysis 4 Ethylene glycol analysis 14 Ionophores 6 pH 69 Total dissolved solids 2 Urea 1 Miscellaneous analyses performed either in 148 house or other laboratories Total Number of Tests 2,372 The numbers below refer to the number of toxicity cases. not the number of animals involved. On some premises, numerous animals were involved. Number of Substance Detected Positive Cases Acidosis 21 Acorn poisoning 2 Elevated aflatoxin levels ' 1 Antifreeze poisoning 14 Arsenic poisoning 4 Buckeye toxicosis 7 Cadmium toxicosis 1 Chromium toxicosis 1 Carbofuran poisoning 10 Cherry tree toxicosis 1 Copper deficiency 42 Copper toxicity 22 Endosulfan 2 Exposure to pharmaceutical agents 2 Elevated fumonisin levels 3 Iron toxicity (equine) 2 lvermectin toxicity (canine) 2 Kentucky coffee tree toxicity 1 Lead poisoning 3 Nitrate at dangerous levels 12 Oak toxicosis 2 Organophosphate toxicosis 1 Oxalate poisoning 1 Petroleum hydrocarbons 1 Selenium deficiency 4 Selenium toxicity 3 Strychnine 1 Sulfate toxicity 1 Taxus (Japanese yew) poisoning 3 Elevated vomitoxin (DON) levels 7 Elevated zearalenone levels 1 Total Toxicoses Detected 178 Veterinary Epidemiology C .N . Carter A contemporary veterinary epidemiology program located at the Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center is in the early stages of development. The primary goal of this new service is to provide animal disease surveillance and early detection of animal disease outbreaks, assist veterinarians in the investigation of serious and unusual disease problems, and conduct relevant infectious disease research. The epidemiology program will be driven by stateaof—the—art electronic data gathering systems that will a110w for near real—time analysis and dissemination of diagnostic case information that will be useful to practitioners in treatment, prevention, and management of animal disease problems. Highlights: 0 USDA and Homeland Security grants were written and have been funded to overhaul the IT software infrastructure of the Lexington and Hopkinsville (Murray State’s Breathitt Vet— erinary Center) laboratories and to provide seamless links to the Office of the State Veterinarian. 0 Meetings occur regularly with staff at the State Veterinarian’s office and the Breathitt Veterinary Center to help in planning and coordinating the flow of animal health information from the diagnostic laboratory. 0 The epidemiologist is conducting epidemiological investiga— tions on Kentucky farms and in veterinary hospitals. 0 A research analyst will soon be added to the department to aid the epidemiologist in building and implementing animal health information systems and surveillance systems and to conduct research on relevant infectious disease topics. 0 A Field Investigation Unit (truck outfitted with a Bowie Veterinary Unit) will soon be in service to conduct field investigations on Kentucky farms. Regulatory Services Our Mission Regulatory Services is committed to service and consumer protection of Kentucky citizens, businesses, and industries. Our pro— grams monitor and analyze feed, fertilizer, milk, seed, and soil and are administered using a cooperative, science‘based approach. The Division of Regulatory Services is charged with admin— istering four state laws pertaining to the manufacturing, process- ing, labeling, and marketing of commercial feed, fertilizer, seed, and raw milk. The Division’s primary objectives are to protect producers and other consumers from poor quality, mislabeled, or misrepresented products and to protect agricultural and other businesses from unfair competition. Feed, fertilizer, and seed are monitored through manufacture ing and retail channels for compliance with state laws. Label review and product and facility inspections as well as product sampling and analysis are important parts of this process. Raw milk is monitored during marketing to ensure an accurate and equitable exchange between dairy producers and processors and to ensure the integrity of milk from farm to processor. Eleven regulatory inspectors and one auditor cover the state collecting samples, inspecting facilities, and auditing records. Two specialty product inspectors are dedicated to monitoring and sampling small-package and specialty pet food, fertilizer, and seed products throughout the state. This reflects the Division’s commitment to provide consumer protection to the purchaser of non—agricultural products such as lawn seed, fertilizer, and dog, cat, and other pet food. One inspector is dedicated to the milk regulatory program: auditing records and monitoring activities of sampler—weighers, handlers, testers, and laboratory facilities. In addition to regulatory programs of the Division, service testing is provided through the seed, soil, and milk laboratories. These and other activities in the Division are performed by a dedicated and professional staff who perform laboratory analyses, provide computer support, process and compile reports in addition to performing various duties necessary to carry out and administer effective programs. 12 Auditing Program H.S. Spencer Audits of sales and fee payments were made on 318 of 411 feed, fertilizer, seed, and milk firms in Kentucky to verify inspec— tion fees. Fees are assessed to help defray costs of inspecting, sampling, and analyzing commodities in accordance with state laws. Fees are indicated below. Cash receivables were substan‘ tiated on 1,080 fertilizer reports, 3,056 feed reports, 784 seed reports, and 78 milk reports. Reports were checked for accuracy and compared to field audits of the submitting firms. The 2005 inspection fees for industries regulated by the Division of Regulatory Services are as follows: Industry Fee Assessed/Unit Feed 35 cents/ton Fertilizer 50 cents/ton Milk (handlers and producers) 0.5 cents/100 lb. Seed tags 4-24 cents/unit The Division of Regulatory Services 2005 income from fees, licenses and testing services was as follows: Industry 2005 Income Feed $996,896 Fertilizer $565,027 Milk $191,847 Seed tags, licenses, and service testing $391,857 Soil service testing $163,297 Total $2,308,924 Feed Regulatory Program 5. Traylor The feed regulatory program provides consumer protection for purchasers of livestock feed and pet food products as well as moni’ toring a marketplace environment that promotes fair and equitable competition. The Kentucky Commercial Feed Law outlines stanr dards of quality, safety, and efficacy of commercial livestock feed and pet food industries through specific labeling requirements. labels shOuld identify the purpose, a guaranteed composition, ingredient list, and directions as Well as warning or caution statements required for proper use. A statewide inspection, sampling, and testing pro— gram monitors feed products for accurate labeling. The feed program is also involved in ensuring safety and suitability of animal feed products fed to livestock and poultry producing meat, milk, and eggs for human consumption. This includes participation in a nationwide effort by state and fed‘ eral agencies to ensure food safety and to promote consumer confidence in the food supply. The feed program and the FDA work cooperatively to inspect facilities for compliance with the ruminantato-ruminant feeding ban, which was promulgated to prevent establishment and amplification of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, or “mad cow disease”). 5; or fit rid 1is :d’ ier )A he rm Highlights: 0 Administered actions on 3,695 official and 225 unofficial samples of commercial feed involving 24,956 tests to moni— tor about 3 million tons of commercial mixed feed and feed ingredients distributed in Kentucky. 0 Administered a cooperative program with the FDA to inspect 14 feed mills that mix restricted drugs in feed and to inspect these mills for compliance with FDA’s national BSE rule. An additional 30 ESE inspections were contracted with FDA for mills not required to be licensed with FDA. Conducted 7,500 label reviews and maintained product regis— tration for about 15,000 products from over 950 companies. Fertilizer Regulatory Program D.L. Terry The Kentucky Fertilizer Law ensures that fertilizers sold in Kentucky are clearly and accurately labeled so that consumers c