xt715d8ng788 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt715d8ng788/data/mets.xml The Kentucky Kernel Kentucky -- Lexington The Kentucky Kernel 1976-06-17 Earlier Titles: Idea of University of Kentucky, The State College Cadet newspapers  English   Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. The Kentucky Kernel  The Kentucky Kernel, June 17, 1976 text The Kentucky Kernel, June 17, 1976 1976 1976-06-17 2020 true xt715d8ng788 section xt715d8ng788 Vol. LXVlll. No. 1

University of Kentucky
Thursday. June 17, 1976

Lexington. Kentucky
an independent student newspaper

Kara el

Spouse-beating

By law, it’s third-degree assault;

at home, it’s a paranoid game

(Editor’s note: This article is the
first in a two-part series on
spouse—a buse.)

By CINDY CATTELL
Kernel Staff Writer

..On the night of July 4, 1975, in
Maple Shade, New Jersey, the
local J .C.‘s weren‘t the only ones
displaying fireworks.

An 18-year-old man was beating
his wife who was four months
pregnant. Luckily, the victim
managed to escape her assailand
and seek refuge in a neighboring
apartment

The above example of spouse-
beating exemplifies a rapidly incr-
easing national problem. Accord-
ing to statistics. incidents at
spouseabuse are rarely reported
and even more rarely do the
victims seek the help available to
them. As a result, the problem
continues to grow, adversly affect-
ing not only the husband and wife,
but the innocent victims, the

Election

children.

While statistics are few on the
subject of spouse-abuse, S.K. Stei-
nmetz and MA Straus’ book, “Vio-
lence in the Family” reports that
37 per cent of the wives who filed
for divorce in one metropolitan
area complained of physical abuse.
One in four of the middle-class
wives gave this abuse as the
grounds for divorce.

Judge Paul Gudgel, of the Dom-
estic Court of Lexington said,
“Under the law, spouse-beating is
classified under the thrid degree
assault statute, which states the
penalty is one year in jail and-or a
$500 fine.”

Gudgel also said that he felt the
laws are adequate enough to deal
with wife-beating.

Asked if many spouse-abuse
cases were prosecuted, Gudgel
said, “I seldom prosecute in these
cases." He explained that he tries
to direct the couples involved in
spouse-abuse to marriage counsel-
ors. But Gudgel said that all cases

year spurs

the ‘Potomac Fever’

(Editor’s note: This writer has been
covering national politics for the last
two years. He recently spent two days
in Washington. The following article
contains his observations and con-
clusions.)

By JOHN WINN MILLER
Editor-in-Chief

Beneath an opulent chandelier
made of meticulously polished brass
in the White House, more than 50
Kentucky journalists gathered to
listen attentively to President Ford in
May.

Presidential candidate Ford was
also there, standing erect behind the
podium with the presidential seal. An
aura of history shrouded the room and
the man.

Commentary

In the rear of the room a butler,
clad in tuxedo. attended the Presi-
dential silver coffee server with its
delicate gold-trimmed china cups.
Ignoring the proceedings and the
stares of Secret Service men, the
butler continued his work.

Ambassador to East Germany John
Sherman Cooper. who had been
rushed back to Washington to shore
up the President‘s faltering campaign
in Kentucky, watched passively from
the side.

Here was Washington at its finest—
the seat of government for the most
powerful nation in the world with all
the trimmings—designed to impress
the “good ole. boys from Kentucky.“
Some of the reporters were impressed
but a small clique of cynical ones
later could be heard wondering what
in the hell they were doing there.

A consensus was reached by the
reporters that they were obviously
suffering from Potomac Fever, a
particularly virulent disease that
strikes politicians and journalists
every four years.

Journalistic victims of the disease
tend to rush off to Washington to hear
a speech that is a rerun of everything
they‘ve heard before.

During epidemics of the Fever.
journalists are bombarded with a
flurry of official statements from
politicians including congressmen,
Cabinet members and even the
President, who all attempt to explain
“the truth." And, incidentally, to get
votes.

It is a time of upheaval for
officialdom. Fingers point, assigning
blame for the country‘s ills. The
President blames Congress, Congress
accuses the President and everyone
throws out some not-so-subtle digs at
their political opposition.

Amidst all the moans, however, one
thing remains constant. The lure of
power and the pervasive need to
remain beneath the chandelier vastly
outweigh the burdens of public office
all the politicians complain about.

They will do anything to remain in
office.

The unsuspecting reporter is invar-
iably sucked in by this vortex of pomp
and politics. Witness the President‘s

Continued on page 8

are thoroughly investigated.

Domestic Courtroom No. 2.
where Gudgel was presiding, was
the scene of a recent spouse-abuse
case. He explained that the case
was representative of spouse-
abuse cases presented in court.

Mrs. R. was called to the stand
first. She claimed that her husband
beat her because he was out late on
Saturday night without him. She
said that he dragged her all the
way down the street when he saw
her.

Mr. R. spoke next. He said that
he slapped her, but did not hit her.
He went on to explain that he saw
her on the street near their home
late one night, and asked her to
come home.

He said, “She smartmouthed me,
so I slapped her."

Gudgel proposed a Peace Bond,
which states that the person accus-
ed of assault cannot come near his
or her victim’s place of residence
or employment or any other place
that the victim may frequent.

Failure to obey this ruling will
result in a $500 fine. Gudgel said
Peace Bonds are commonly used
in cases like this.

Robert Pear‘s article, “Spouse
Abuse", which appeared in the
Courier-Journal 8: Times, Jan. 11.
1976, describes the men that beat
their wives as, “demanding, poss-
essive and jealous to the point ot
paranoia."

“Men explain their violence with

Stewart Bowman

Duringa press conference in Washington, President Ford speaks to
about 50 Kentucky newspeople in the State Dining Room at the
White House. Ford invited the journalists to the capital shortly
before Kentucky’s primary in May.

such comments as ‘She’s not a good
wife,’ ‘She doesn't come in on time’
or ‘She doesn’t take care of the
kids.’ "

According to the article, “Some
psychologists suggest that a man
strikes out from a sense of
inadequacy or insecurity, from a
feeling that he cannot cope or
control something in his environ-
ment.

“Violence is a way for anxious

New York Times Neva Say/ice

boys and men to demonstrate their
masculinity.

“According to the FBI’s uniform
crime reports, murder within the
family made up approximately
one‘fourth of the estimated 20,600
homicides in the United States last
year. Over half of the family
slayings involved spouse killing
spouse.

Continued on page 8

Council members question

Freeman’s racial attitudes

By MIKE STRANGE
Kernel Staff Writer

Nolan W. Freeman will become Lexington‘s new chief of police
July 5, but several members of the Unrban County Council were not

satisfied with his appointment.

The approval of Freeman, which came last Thursday by an 8-7
vote of the council, has been clouded by questions concerning the
new chief’s racial attitudes. Several council members also feel‘that
the selection process was conducted in too much of a hurry.

Freeman spent 13 years with the Lexington police force before his
appointment as chief of the Gainesville, Fla. department in 1972.

The issue of Freeman‘s

racial attitude involves the role he

olaved in the Lexington police department during the civil rights
demonstrations of the early 1960’s. Freeman was a member of a
specai tactical unit that dealt with the demonstrators, but the
nature of his conduct at that time is a matter of disagreement

among council members.

Councilwoman Pam Miller, who represents the UK district and
who voted in favor of the new chief, said that Freeman acted as a
“peacemaker" during the demonstrations. She based her opinion on
the work he did with the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE), a
key organization during the demonstrations, and the proprietors of
local businesses that were at the scene of the demonstrations.

“He didn’t make any arrests unless he had a warrant," Miller
said. She indicated that black officers that she had talked to within
the Lexington force felt that Freeman was getting a bum rap.

The Rev. Henry Jones, a local black minister :who served on the
selection committee that screened applicants for the job, sees
Freeman‘s role in a different light. Jones, who was himself involved
in the demonstrtations, said that Freeman was in charge of the
special unit and that it harassed demonstrators in a hostile,

“reactionary" manner.

_ “He might have been a peacemaker symbolically, but certainly

not substantively,"

Jones also said that

he personally
Continued on page 8

 

 

V Concerts—Fleetwood Mac is
trouncing into Cincinnati’s River-
front Coliseum the evening of June
so. Elvin Bishop has a concert
scheduled for June 23 at the Louis-
ville Gardens.
Woodland Park will be the setting
for a band concert tonight at 7:30
pm. Weather permitting, the con-
cert will be performed at the park
bantktand (near the Kentucky Ave-
nue side) by members of Lexing-
ton‘s Musician‘s Association Band.
The concert is part of an outdoor
summer series sponsored by the
Lexington recreation department.

/ Eydrlhlts—There are two good bets -

here. The Logan Helm Woodford Co.
Library in Versailles is presenting a
pmtography show entitled “The
Plrotograph: A Century of Kentucky

Camera Work." The show is built on
archival photographs circa 1840-
19m, illustrating Kentucky life.

The exhibit will run through June
20, and is open daily from 9:30am.
to 5:30 pm. and Sundays from 2-5
pm.

The Living Arts and Sciences
Center is exhibiting an art show
originating out of our own UK art
dqiartment fibers program. Called
“Fiber Art,“ the show is a collection
of work by students and faculty.
Some standout work is by Deborah
Frederick and Judy Bullington.

The show will run through the end
of the month. The center, located at
mWalnut St., is open from 9 am. to
5 pm. daily.

Movies—Slaughterhmlse-Five is a
good bet (if you‘re a night-owl). 'l‘he
George Roy Hill film, based on Kurt
Vonnegut's novel, is playing the
Kentucky both this Friday and
Saturday. Admission is 81. Reviews
havecalled the film “well-made, but
lacking in story line and theme
development." it‘s possible Hill
assumed you'd read the book; in any
case. the movie is a good buy for a
buck.

Television-Kentucky Education
Television's (KET) "The Olymp-
iad," recalling highlights of past
Olympics. tonight will relive the was
Berlin Games, and Jesse Owens'
return to Berlin, at 9 pm.

 

 

 

  

......~..a~

Editorials do not represent the opinions of the University.

editorials 8’ comments

 

 

 

Editorial

One of the most fascinating things
about this year’s Presidential election
is the absence of substantial issues.
The candidates appear to be more
interested in form than substance.
Oddly enough , the voters don’t seem
to care.

After the revelations of Watergate
and Congress’ budding sex scandal, it
would seem that people would take a
greater interest in their leaders’
beliefs. Instead, apathy couldn’t be
greater.

It looks like we’re in for another
four years of surprises , regardless of
who wins.

The only thing known for certain is
that the candidates are all anti-Wash-
ington, even President Ford, who is in
effect, Washington. 50 while the
candidates are busy running against
Washington the voter is left guessing.

Matters aren’t helped much by the
candidates rhetoric. Ronald Reagan
raises issues so bogus that they would
be laughable if they weren’t taken so
seriously. President Ford can’t come
up with any issues of his own, and so
he spends most of his time reponding
to Reagan.

The Democrats aren’t much better.
Jimmy Carter smiles a lot and utters
hossannas whil Cali-
fornia Gov. Jerry Brown says he has
the questions and not the answers.

And, instead of an intelligent natio-
nalenergy policy, the candidates offer
the voter blood, sweat and the
breakup of the oil companies except
for Ford and Reagan. They favor the
big oil businesses, which is an
equivalent to advocating no govern-
ment policy at all.

Another ”no policy” position cent-
ers around the now defunct
"detente." President Ford tried to
delete the word from the English
language while maintaining essentia~
lly consistent policies towards Russia.
In response, Reagan dropped the

Dearth of election issues
leaves voters in the dark

issue and started picking on Panama.
The Democrats ignored the whole
thing.

Except for Reagan, who may be
somewhere to the right of the John
Birchers, none of the candidates have
addressed themselves to the foreign
policy issues at all. So what can we
expect. If the past is any indication,
we’re probably headed for trouble.

Former President Richard Nixon
for example, was particularly adept

at running on non-issues. His
secret and infamous "plan” for
ending the Vietnam war was a cruel
ioke on the American public.

Are more iokes looming in the
future? If the voters don‘t insist on
detailed policy statements from the
candidates, probably 50.

Unfortunately, candidates who run
on specific issues rarely win. George
McGovern, Barry Goldwater and
George Wallace are examples of
”issue candidates” who were swamp-
ed at the polls.

Wisely noting this, most candidates
are as vague and obtuse as possible.
The voter is thus left to decide who
will be President on the basis of
cosmetics and media hype.

Part of the blame for this dearth of
issues must rest with the media,
which is easily manipulated. Televi-
sion is particularly dependent on good
visual copy, and so it tends to
emphasize events and personalities
over issues, which are generally
boring.

As a result, the old adage that "the
public gets what is deserves” is not as
applicable to this election as it was in
past years. Americans deserve
better, but no matter who wins, the
odds are that very little will change
except for the names.

Which probably proves the other old
adage that ”man is the only animal
that you can skin more than once.”

 

 

Palestine

Editor:

The situtation is very grave for
Lebanon and Palestine. On the West
Bank of the River Jordan, the latest
section of land stolen by the Israeli
government, police brutality has bec-
ome the rule. Many Palestinians—~even
innocent children—have been murdered
by Israeli military units.

In Lebanon, the Syrian army has been
thrown against the maiority of the
Lebanese people. The Syrians are
fighting their own brothers and sisters
when they back Lebanon’s small minor-
ity of wealthy Christians. These rich
Christians were given an uniust strang-
lehold on the government by an old
colonial law written by the French.

Letters

 

Americans should be informed that the
poor Christians of Lebanon are on the
side of democracy, fighting shoulder to
shoulder with the Muslim brothers and
sisters. The Lebanese, with the support
of Palestinian refugees from the Israeli
regime, have been fighting for a
government in which the poor and the
Muslims will have a voice.

lt's vitally important to have a public
discussion of the Middle East crises here
in Lexington. That's why I propose a
planning meeting Monday, June 21, to
begin building foraforum.

Self-determination for Palestine! (Let
the Palestinians decide their own nat-
ional destiny)

Mark Manning
U K student

 

Letters from the editor

Kernel changes format but not style

Surprise. This may not look like the old
Kernel, but, except for a few cosmetic
changes, it is the same old paper. We are
trying an experiment this summer and
you’re part of it.

From week to week the appearance of the
paper will probably change drastically
until we find the best format for presenting
the news in the most attractive manner
possible. Expect a phone call from
members of our staff who will be conduct-
ing a survey to determine reader response
to our new style.

Depending on your responses, we will
either keep the new broadsheet size paper
or return to our usual tabloid next fall.

 

john
iwinn

w .
miller

 

 

WBKY deserves debate

During the last three issues of the Kernel
we ran a series of articles on WBKY-FM,
UK’s radio station. Generally they were
critical of the fact that WBKY is run by
professionals and not by students. WBKY,
which receives more than $71,000 from the
University, is a public broadcasting stat-
ion.

As such, it is required to employ five
full-time employes and to operate 18 hours
a day, 365 days a year. In case you’ve
never listened to WBKY, they largely play
classical music and public radio shows.

Since the articles appeared in the last
issues of the Kernel, nobody had a chance
to respond either favorably to the articles
or in support of WBKY.

In the interests of fairness there should
be public debate on the issue. The Kernel
objected to the lack of student participation

Opinion

and control, but maybe you think that‘s the
way it should be.
Whatever you think, let us know.

Athletes for sale?

Ocassionally, the Kernel staff is called
upon to perform an unpleasant duty.
Nobody likes to report bad news, particul-
arly when it can adversly affect UK.

La at fall's aritcle on UK’s possible
violation of NCAA recruiting
regualtions is a case in point. The staff was
bitterly divided on whether to publish the
aritcle.

In the end, we ran the article. It was not
because we take pleasure in hurting UK’s
football program, but because it was a
legitimate news story that could not and
should not have been surpressed. Failure
to publish would have left us open to
charges of cover-up.

When the article ran we were swamped
by hate mail and protest. Some students
plastered the Journalism Building with
derogatory posters and then stopped by our
office to dump some refuse on one of our
editors.

What really surprised us were the local
T.V. sportscasters, who read scathing
editorials about the Kernel on the air.

Denny Trease, WKYT sports director
and Tom Hammond, WLEX sports direc-
tor, both condemned the Kernel as being
overzealous iournalists who raked muck
where there was no muck to rake.

But, apparently there was some muck as
the NCAA is now formally investigating UK
for possible recruiting violations. In addi-
tion, two Washington Post reporters,
Kenneth Deniinger and Leonard Shapiro,
included a similar episode (taking potential
recruits to Keeneland race track) in their
book “Athletes for Sale”. .

Coach Curci,-who showed a lot of class
during last year’s troubled season, now

says U K will probably be put on probation.

All of this may or may not have resulted
from the Kernel article. If so, it is
unfortunate because that was not our
intention. We were iust doing our iob by
reporting the news, even though we didn’t
like doing it.

As for Hammond and Trease, maybe
they are more interested in cheerleading
then in serious iournalism

Whatever happens we wish only the best
for UK’s athletic program. You won't find
anybody cheering louder for the Cats—on
the field—than the members of the Kernel
staff. We also have a lot of admiration and
respect for Coach Curci, who is a-hell-of-a-
coach.

Nonetheless, the Kernel will continue to
publish the news even if it isn’t particularly
pleasant.

Racists we’re not

Now that I‘ve said all that, l—ll step off
my soapbox.

Throughout the year the Kernel manages
to offend lust about everybody at one time
or another. Usually it’s just a difference of
opinion, but sometimes, however, we do
make mistakes. Last semester we ran two
items that particularly upset the black
community. One article dealt with South
Africa. and the other was part of our
Golden Fork Awards.

The South African article was called
racist and the Golden Fork Award was
called tasteless. Neither was intended as
such. To those who were offended we
apologize.

Secret confessions

Now I have a confession to make——l’m a
Greek. Some of you may be surprised to
know that greeks actually work for the
Kernel. Well, we do. But, of course, that
doesn’t affect our objectivity.

The battle for equal rights continues

 

By Carol Dussere

 

So you heard about the Springfield rally?
But first let’s go back a bit. During the
battle over the Kentucky E.R.A. rescission
resolution it became increasingly clear
that the only insurance againsttaving to go
through the same song and dance all over
again was national ratification. The
anti-E.R.A. forces in Kentucky had not
been idle, and they show no signs of
loosening their tight organization or dev-
eloping a sudden attack of laziness in the
future. Members of the campus alliance
also found ample iustification for our
preference for public and mass action over
circulating petitions, although we did a lot
of both.

But perhaps you do not know the details
of the battle. After House Joint Resolution
(HJR) 7 had passed in the House, it was
loggeriammed in Senate committee.
Committee hearings were used as a
delaying tactic against anti-E.R.A. sen-
ators who were trying to force HJR 7 to the
floor for a vote. When a discharge petition
failed to get enough signatures, a vote was
called, which failed 24-14. Then a state
E.R.A. referendum was added as an
amendment to pro-E.R.A. senators' pris-
oner work release bill; the amendment was
changed in committee from a referendum
to a rescission resolution. Other shenanig-
ans included motions to suspend the rules.
allowing this committee action to come to a
vote, which, alternated with motions to
adiourn. This last maneuver was stopped

by the clock. Two days later the session
was over. Then on April 6, Gov. Carroll
announced his~ willingness to put the
rescission on the slate for the special
session. It appears as if he might have
done so to quiet criticism that he had
thrown out rescission action to allow time
for his anti-busing bill.

We went to Illinois with others who had
learned from recent events in South
Carolina, Georgia, Arizona and Virginia.
Illinois is on the brink of ratification. The
Springfield rally was called by the National
Organization of Women to focus nationwide
attention on the four Senate voles needed
for ratification and to renew the nationwide
momentum toward that end.

At first it was expected that delegations
would arrive primarily from the Surround-
ing states and that a chartered train would
come from a very much embarrassed New
York. But the turnout was impressive even
to those of us who had been keeping track of
the mobilization process. As usual,
estimates of numbers varied; the police
estimate of the crowd was 10,000. We do
know that rally participants came from 30
states, from as far away as Maine, New
York, Michigan, Minnesota, California.
Texas, Georgia, Florida and all points in
the center.

It was also apparent, even from the most
cursory glances over the crowd, that the
assembled participants represented the
broad support the E.R.A. has gained in the
American population. The huge delegat-
ions of labor union women and men were

particularly gratifying, since this was the
first active Support organized labor had
shown for the E.R.A., although endorse-
ments had appeared years before. The
United Auto Workers, the American Fed-
eration of State. County and Municipal
Employees, the American Federation of
Teachers, and the Coalition of Labor Union
Women, played a maior role in the rally. It
was clear that labor had come to see the
enemies of equal rights for women as also
anti-Black and anti-labor,

Did our presence in Springfield accom-
lish its goal? Senate President Cecil Partee
and Gov. Walker of Illinois, who welcomed
us very warmly from the podium, seemed
to think so. Partee promised to bring the
amendment out of committee while this
strong show support was still clear in the
senators minds. We did more, of course.
than furnish photographers with pictures of
people carrying signs. Press coverage is
the maior medium for assuring a public
voice to and for the American people. But
one also goes to such events to strengthen
alliances and develop communication lines
with other groups and individuals who are
attuned to the need for human liberation.
The growing national alliance will mean
that four Illinois senators—or. on a national
scale, sixteen state legislators—will not be
able to keep legal equality from millions of
American women.

 

Carol Dussere is a German graduate
student and a member of UK's Campus
Alliance for the E.R.A.

 

 

Editor-in-(‘hiet
John Winn Miller

News Editors
Suzanne Durham
Dick Downey

 

.\rt.s Editor
(img Hofelich

t hiet Photographer
Stewart Bowman

Advertising Manager
Alex Keto

Sports Editor
Mark Bradley

Production
Nancy Daly
Cindy Cash

The Kentucky Kernel. 114 Jour-
nalism Building. University of
Kentudty. lexington. Ky. 40506. is
mailed live times weekly during the
year except during holidays and

Inc. and founded in 1971. the Kernel
began as the Cadet in 1894. The
paper has been published con-
tinumsly as the Kentucky Kernel
since 1915.

exam periods. and once weekly

during the summer session.
dass postage is paid at Lexington.
Ky.. 0511. Subscription rates are 824
per full year, or 312 per semester.

Publidw! by the Kernel Press.

Third- Advert-ing is intended only to
help the reader buy and any false or
m'sleading advertising should be
reported and will be investigated by
the editors. Advertising found to be

tats or misleading wul be reported

to the Better Business Bureau.

Letters and comments should be
nddrssed to the Editorial Page
Editor, 114 Journalism Building.
Theyshould be typed. double spaced
and signed Chssiiication. phone
number and address should be in-
cluded. letters should not exceed
250 words and comments should be
no longer than 750 words. Editors
reserve tie right to edit letters and
comments.

 

 

 

 In forthcoming book

History pro

Dr. Humbert Nelli discusses his soon-to-
be published book, “The Business of
Crime, " which traces 71 years ofthe role

Bikeways

1%}. Nil! ' '

m V. Reid

of Italians in American crime. Dr. Nelli
spentfive years researching and writing
the book, which will be published this
August by Oxford University Press.

Council applies for grant
to build paths for bikers

By CHARLES L. SMITH
Kernel Staff Writer

Last week the Urban County Council
applied for $202,720 federal grant to
partially fund a project to build two
bikeways on Tates Creek Pike and Rich-
mond Road.

The grant, it approved, will cover 80 per
cent of the estimated $253,000 cost of the
project. The state and local governments
will each pay $25,340 to cover the balance.
The grant is part of the federal govern-
ment’s Demonstration Bikeway Program,
which. provides funds...for_. local govern:
ments to build bike paths for commuter and
recreational purposes.

Diane Schorr, director of the division of
program development and management,
monitors federal grant applications for the
Urban County government. She said it will
be “two or three weeks’.’ before the council
knows if its application has been accepted.
“It takes a while for it to just work its way
through the bureaucratic processes," she
said.

Schorr said she anticipates that the grant
application will be accepted. Several other
government officials say that the prospects
that the application will be accepted “look
pretty good.”

The Tales Creek Pike bikeway will be 2.2
miles long. It will run from Lakewood
Drive to Gainesway Drive. The bikeway
will join an existing University bikeway at
the intersection of Tates Creek Pike and
Stadium Access Road D.

Gordon Garner. commissioner of public
works, said the Tates Creek Pike bikeway
will double as a commuter and recreational
route. The path will make it easier for UK
students to get to the Tates Creek-Gaines-

W3“ ,1
the best pizza*

in town
(honest!)
*and-

MAIN—“Um
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MBNMWIMMH.

NEW WIDE
SCREEN TV

way area and for bikers from that area to
get downtown, he said. ,

The other proposed bikeway. along
Richmond Road, will span 2.6 miles
between Todd‘s Road and Walnut Hill
Road. Garner said the Richmond Road
bikeway is primarily designed to provide a
recreational route to Jacobsen Park for
bikers.

The locations for the bikeways were
originally suggested by the Bicycle Advi-
sory Committee of the Planning Division,
and later approved by the Planning
Division and the council. Bob Kennedy. a

‘ spokesman for” the Planning Division, said

the sites were chosen because “the
innovative uses” those locations offered
increased the likelihood that the grant
application would be accepted.

Although the local government‘s share of
the tab will only be 10 per cent, several
councilpersons voiced opposition to the
bikeways because of their total cost*
$52,700 per mile.

Garner, however, said the cost of the
bikeways is not exorbitant. He said it would
cost about $150,000 per mile to build streets
in a residential area.

“Any kind of construction,” Garner said,
“costs money for asphalt, rocks and some
drainage work. It’s not an unreasonable
cost—it‘s only $10 a foot.“

He said the Urban County government
will not have to spend much money
acquiring rightof-ways, since most of the
bike paths will be constructed on land
already owned by the local government.

Garner said if the grant is approved he
hopes the bikeways will be ready next
summer. The State Department of Trans-

portation will do the actual construction of
the bikeways, he said.

By BRUCE WINGES
Kernel Staff Writer

The golden age for Italians
in organized crime has ended,
according to Dr. Humbert S.
Nelli, UK history professor.

After the 1940‘s. everything
in organized crime——more
generally known as the
Mafia—for the Italians de-
clined, Nelli said. By the
1960‘s, he added. most of the
major Italian organized
crime figures were dead.

Since 1970 Nelli has been
researching and writing a
book tracing the history of
Italians in US. crime from
1870-1941. The book, entitled
“The Business of Crime“ and
due to be published this
August by Oxford University
Press, was completed in
March, 1975.

In researching the book,
Nelli said he talked to over
100 people in over a dozen
cities “on all sides” of the
law. Nelli said he never felt
nervous interviewing organ-
ized crime figures, who were
usually willing to talk about
past events. “But I didn‘t ask
anything about anything after
1941," he added.

Nelli also used newspaper
clippings. Internal Revenue
Service files and such public
information as police records
and trial transcripts. “I used
a variety of sources," he said,
“so no one source was altim-
portant."

The book is the result of a
desire to compare the Italian

 

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experience in different cities
in the United States, said
Nelli, whose father was born
in Italy. Nelli received funds
for the book from the Nation-
al Endowment for the liu-
manities and the Kentucky
Research Foundation.

Nelli’s book covers every-
thing from the infamous
“Black Hand" extortionists
to the original diversification
of legal and illegal syndicate
interests in the 1930‘s.

“The Business of Crime“
begins with events dating
back to the 1870‘s that led to
the slaying of New Orleans
Police Chief David Ilennessy
in 1890. Although Hennessy
lived for a number of hours
after he was shot, he never
named his murderer.

Nelli said Hennessy was
involved in a war between
two Italian factions. “It‘s
impossible to say what the
situation was because court
transcripts have either been
stolen or lost,“ he said.

Italian activity in crime
from 1900 until 1920, accor-
ding to Nelli, usually involved
Black Hand extortion. The
black hand was used as a
signature on a note stating
that unless a certain amount
of money was paid, an indivi-
dual‘s home would be blown
up or a member of the family
kidnapped. Although the let-
ter usually demanded $1,000.
the