xt722804zj0h https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt722804zj0h/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1902 journals kaes_bulletins_101 English Lexington, Ky. : The Station, 1885- Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin n.101. text Bulletin n.101. 1902 2014 true xt722804zj0h section xt722804zj0h KENTUCKY E
Agricultural Experiment Station \
or THE »_  
STATE COLLEGE OF KENTUCKY  
BULLETIN No. 101.  
_ ·——~·~·~*  
  »:..
J} Comparzsorz 0f Feeds for Pzgs.  
 
_L___ rag
LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY.
May 20. 1902.
(ire)
  l

   `
l 1
“  , KENTUCKY
 , . A Agricultural Experiment Station.
.` BOARD OF CONTROL.
_' D. F. FRAZEE, Cha.ir111an,Lexingto1i, Ky.
*'   J. B. MARCUM, Jackson, Ky.
l   GEO. B. KINKEAD, Lexington, Ky.
K gr J, K. PATTERSON, President of College.
§ M. A. SCOVELL, Director, Secretary.
STATION OFFICERS.
{ n M. A. SCOVELL, Director and Chemist.
L. A. M. PETER,
g· _ }Chemists.
i H. E. CURTIS,
? E H. GARMAN, Entoinologist and Botanist.
    C. \\'. MATHEWS, I-Iorticulturist.
z; Y ‘ J. N. HARPER, Agriculturist.
g · \\'. H. SCHERFFIUS, I _
¥ - Ass’t Chemists.
,   L. O. IKEATTY, i
A iv li. M. A LLEX, Secretary, Food Division.
g   J. l). TURNER, Secretary to the Director.
T € J. O. LABACII, Chemist, Food Division.
j   GEO. ROBERTS, Ass’t Chemist.
  _ T. L. RICIIMOND,   Ass’ts to Entoinologist and
G; mss xi. L. I>Il)l.AKli, S "°’t""""’·
  I S. 1). AVEHITT, Ass’t Chemist.
i ? D. W. MAY, Animal Huslmndnian.
Address of the Stntion—l.EXINGTON, KY.
NOTICE.
T The Bulletins of the Station will he mailed free to any citizen
{ of lieniueky who sends his naine and address to the Station for
lhat purpose.
(`orrespondenls will please notify the Director of changes in
their postolliee address, o1· of any1‘aih11·e’torceeivethe hnllelins.
Anmznss: ‘
l{i·:x*ri:em· .\<.:n1<¤i·i.·rm:Ai. TiXI‘Iil{IMEN'l` ST.\'l`I()N,
Li·:xix<;*roN, Ky.
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Bulletin N0. 101. .
A Comparison of Feeds for Pigs.  
D. W. MAY. ‘. jéxi
Of the various feeds for pigs available to the farmers of f  
this country, corn ranks first. It is a crop grown to some ij)
extent in all sections, is much relished by pigs, is easily °  
handled and lays on fat rapidly. With these qualifications it  
is no wonder that it has largely superseded all other feeds and T
is used to a. great extent as the single article of diet in the
fattening ration. Not only has it become in most instances
the sole feed given to pigs, but it has materially iniinenced the _
character of the animal in the corn growing regions.
There is no doubt but that corn fed alone is in a great  
many instances unprofitable. Investigations have shown not .
only that pigs make a better gain per pound of feed but that
the animals are more thrifty and lessliable to disease when fed
a combined ration.
In the work herein reported certain feeds were employed ${,6
which are available to the farmers of this State and which I
may be used to supplement the corn ration for pigs. Twenty ’· __
grade Berkshire pigs raised on the Station Farm were divided  
into Eve lots of four each. The animals were from the litters  
of three sows of very similar breeding and were by the same   "
sire. They were a very uniform lot of pigs and were divided   '
into lots of nearly equal weights. They had been wintered on , LA
corn and at the beginning of the experiment were in good ffl
flesh. The feeding was carried on in small piggeries with a
covered room for sleeping and eating and a small run $2:15
' feet. The animals were supplied at all times with water, ashes,
coal and salt. A little eopperas was occasionally added
f to the drinking water. The feeding was done twice daily, the
animals being given all they would clean up well.
l
A .   -* ..-a~,;.v‘ ‘ .. . ...   ;.._--...,.,   .   V,

  * 152 Bulletin N0. 101. ‘
 [ The feeds employed were corn, corn and soy bean
  silage, soy beans and dried distillery grains. In finishing
I  the hogs there were used hominy meal, skim milk, tankage
— . and cotton seed meal. The first period covered ten weeks and
  the finishing period three weeks.
g   - The experiment was begun February 14. The feeds used
t   for each lot were as follows :
  _ Lot I. shelled corn.
.   Lot II. shelled corn and corn and soy bean silage.
  Lot III. shelled corn %, shelled soy beans %.
  Lot IV. shelled corn %, dried distillery grains  
X Q Lot V. shelled corn %, dried distillery grains   ·
{ During the first period of ten weeks lot I. was fed shelled
l corn alone for comparison. This corn grown in the county
° = showed the following by analysis: dry matter 86.50; protein,
· 1 10.31; fat, 4.11; carbohydrates, 68.97 per cent. Lot II. was fed
_ as much shelled corn as would be well cleaned up and in
I addition 10 pounds of corn and soy bean silage. The latter
1 was increased after three weeks to 15 lbs. daily. In several
experiments made at the stations it has been found that silage
  i could not be profitably substituted for a part of the grain
if ration. In the experiment here reported it was not intended to
_ AK employ silage as a substitute for part of the grain, but to
. I determine its value as an additional or corrective feed. The
animals picked out the grain in the silage first and then
chewed the remaining portions. The larger part was not
swallowed. This silage was made of corn and soy beans,
the corn cut when the ears were glazed. The composition
I of the silage was as follows: dry matter, 33.5; protein, 2.5;
fat 1.0; carbohydrates, 18.9 per cent.
The pigs in lot III. were fed shelled corn   and shelled
soy beans   The analysis of the latter was as follows: dry
_ matter. 90.06; protein, 32.44; fat, 19.01; carbohydrates, 28.76
per cent. Taking the average of digestibility the nutritive
ratio of this ration was 1:7.1

 . J l
l l
l
. Il
il
h Feeds for Pigs. 153
Lot IV. was fed for six weeks shelled corn % and dried
distillery grains   The latter had the following composition: _
dry matter, 93.83; protein, 30.81; fat, 11,03; carbohydrates,
37.37 per cent. During the first six weeks the animals made
practically no gains. They would Hrst pick out the corn and  
would eat the distillery grains only as· a last resort. During if
the last four weeks the ration was changed to shelled corn gl, :=
distillery grains L . The gains during this period were very _ ig,
satisfactory. The distillery grains employed was composed of   il
the residue of corn and rye from whisky distilleries. The  
nutritive ratio of the ration fed this lot was 1:5.8 during the ,; ="> ¥
first period and 1:8.1 during the second period.  
Lot V. was fed throughout the period of ten weeks on  
shelled corn   dried distillery grains   The nutritive ratio
of this ration was 1:7.1, the same figure as with lot III.
The pigs were weighed weekly each Friday morning before
feeding. The gains per pig are shown in the following table : »-
at g
 
Pr.
 
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is
2,
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A .   ·‘ ..wa- ·?‘  L. .. ; ...   ·......ss.,»·    . ,,,,_,m__(r ;..

  
 1 . 1 154 Bu1Zlet1in N0. 101.
  GAINS PER w1c1·:K, F11’cG:1i11.     301 47 52 115 211 451 35 15
L0T IV. 1   1 1
— . 13 179 1741 179 1811 1841 192 1911 2021 209, 219 228
  14 1381 12161 12181 1371 11381 1118 1371 1441 1501 155 158
Ss; ‘ 15 1591 151 1531 1541 1561 161 159 169 1751 182 188
1‘ 16 961 _   94 943*4181 971 V 97 *104     7125
  5611 552 5641 5661 5761 5881 586 619 6451 675 699
— 1 N01](J12L1l1. 1-*11 121 21 101 121 -*2 I13 261 310 24
LOT\'. ` 1 .
17 142 142 1461 1491 151 1551 162 164 1701177 181
18 1101 108 1151 1191 122 1271 1:14 1319 117; 15:1 160
- 19 135 1216 1:171 1481 1411 1461 151 151~ 1591 164 168
211 .1791 1E.17I1 1611 1.*Q 1.*?1.L1*1$  P2?
, 5571 5581 5751 5971 6011 6181 6451 657. 6891 716 7114
· 1 ~ 1 `
NebGz1i11. 1 11 171 221 41 171 271 121 321 27 18
1 1 1
_m*1`r11(5r5§irrW1 W?" rr H nmrnrwr)?7 1r)~w?1V4

 1 1
1 1
` 
 
Feeds for Pigs. 155 1 1 .1
The following table shows the feed consumed b each lot
. Y 1
per week; the gain per lot per week; the average gain per pig _
and the amount: of food consumed per pound of ain.
25
Foon Coxsumcn AND Gam PER Wnicx. V
11 LO'l`1. LOT II. 11LOT   LOT IV. 1 LOT V. -  
1 1 1 1 ,. 1 1 »1 1 1
l"'< F" Q 1-, 1 ku 1 1
5 5 1 - g C 2 1 1 Q => 1 -—
'€E11"€E111551 9¤11¤€1 1 
°£ ~ $5114112; ~ :51-195; -  
£=1¤.: :.=1g1.,11h1;—.:1—;,1.;1—1:1.: · 
OS °1;§11 3521   812 `-`·
U 1   7 11 7 1 ’ 1 L 1 17  
_‘*{‘ ‘*_"? ’_"Y)1 ;*T)1 ":" -21*
1° 1 1   l1°1i°V1 1  1"1:71 ` 1
2 1 12 ,21 1  1     1 2   *
11 L1m.L1.Q1;1.Y11;1L1.   1;1?$1  
1902 1* lbs i1bs‘1 1bs1Ibs1lbs‘§lbs=(lbs lbs11 lbs1 1bs·=1lb¤11lbs11bs1lbs  
Feb Ol   S9 1 31 881 701 1311 561 27 S11     491 251 1
" 1 1 11 1 M 1 1 1 1
11 __11 . '   1 _1 11 _1 1 11 1 1
F b. 28. 11110 9.11 102 '( 22 '1 3.1 321. 2 2'1 1211 5130 ”
11 11 1111 "11‘111`11‘1‘111"11“  
1 11 5 11 1 11 1 1 E —
Map, 7. 11 11151 1 01 12511051 2111 871 431 301131% 31% 21 641 321 22 1
11   11 1 1 1, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
‘ ' 1   1 1 11 1 11   ·
31:11-.14.   1201 1 2011 12811051 301 97- 491 471   331 101 071 341 4
1 11 1 . 11 1 .
  11 1 1 ·1   E   1 1 1
Mar. 21. 11 1201 1 29  1321051 381 11161 531 5211   37141 121 591 291 17
1   1 1 `     1 1 kn {
1 13 1 1 11 1 1 11 1 11 1 1  
)l2`LI`.2S. 1211   2511 111411051 211 991 491 35*1 35 351   751 371 27
‘ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1    
*_‘T”j”T71"7   7 11`M       .
Ap]-. 4.   1171 1   1451105; 2311041 521 2111 871 22 H3 77 :181 12  
1 1 1 1 11   1 1 1 1 1  
1 1 1 11 1 1   1 1 11 1 1 1 Q1
Apr. 11.   1191   2G  13911051 2011011 51 4511 971 24 211 7111 :191 32 1
1 1 1 11 1 11 2 1 1 1 1 1,
"’_"141"A117'7T“1g"?1*11"A_   "   11 " 17*117 1 11*%
Apr. 1S. 1231 1 215 1201051 281113 511   1031 20 30 891   27 *11
2 1 1 1 1 1   1 1 1 1_ 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1     -1 7 1 Q 1 1
Apr.     1161   231 12111051 211] 92; 415 151 1091 271 24 811 4m 1S
  1 1 1 W 1 1   1 1 1
  #7*1 7"i11*1""7717  
feed an,in.Y cam Am poems Foon mm romp can:.
.. ~;l*§§~l;‘i’§.§1;l’§.s]; Eel EQ  
.  =lP¤ET's=~¤lsQ=?2¤e¤
li `lF!°“"l’£l*lZ"F—§"5
  ' tl w     lt
  Ia_IlIL,L;I_-a?_
  Eirst six weeks, *   .§Elil.8?*]1.25l3.ti§l .141730 .521§.36
total ten weeks f .r0l:>.ml .ml:>.l2*‘l.l6l4.2:>.l.00l4.3S| .63la.90
*Exuluslve of silage. TT
E . The results of the experiments tend to show that corn
  should be supplemented with other feeds t0 get the best returns.
Q This but bears out the testimony of many trials made at the
n t various experiment stations of the country. ‘
  The increased gains made by lot II. over lot I. indicate
  that silage may under certain conditions be profitably fed to
F fattening hogs. Previous experiments show that it cannot
'K replace a part of the grain feed, but the experiment under
' I discussion shows its value as an additional feed to the full
Q grain ration. In this connection the writer is under the
Y   impression that its value is more through acting as a corrective
5 rather than as an increase of the fattening ration. Comparing
i` L the additional gain of lot II. over lot I. we find that 980 pounds
  · of silage represented an increased gain of 46.pounds of pork
  with an additional consumption cf 86 pounds of corn.
  Deducting the estimated gain from the increased amount of
s i corn consumed a ton of silage represented a gain of G4 pounds
of pork. Estimating from the figures of lot I. the amount of
corn required to make 64 pounds of pork we find that a ton of
' silage represented in flesh producing value 375 pounds of corn
_ in the experiment here reported. The relative value of the
` amounts of the two feeds will of course vary. There was
not, however, much difference in the cost of the two in this
experiment, but the quicker gains and the general thriftiness
of the lot fed silage was of advantage.
The greatest daily gains and the greatest gains per pound
of feed were made by lot III. with a ration composed of shelled
corn % and shelled soy beans   The favorable increase in

 ( l
` il
Feeds for Pigs. 157
this lot over lot I. fed corn alone shows the advantage of
combining feeds in making the ration for pigs, especially the
addition of substances containing more protein than corn. The °
thriftiness and the flneness of the hair of the pigsin this lot was
especially noticeable. The latter at least was due in great \P
measure no doubt to the large oil content of the grains fed. "
The use of the soy bean in our agriculture cannot be too highly  
commended. Not only does it prove to be avery efficient feed, g  
but it belongs to the family of plants called legumes and is a ' ??":Q
splendid crop for improving the fertility of the soil.*  
The distillery grains fed to lots IV. and V. was the dried  
residue from whisky distilleries. The animals did not relish ’ '
this feed in any amount and would not eat it when there was  
any corn available. Fed for six weeks in equal amounts with fl-.
corn the four animals gained only 23 pounds. VVith corn
forming   of the ration and the distillery grains %, the gains
were lower than with the other lots. After changing lot lV. `
to corn § and distillery grains l, the gains were better for the
four weeks than with corn alone. This is probably the greatest  
per cent. in the ration with corn in which distillery grains can .
be profitably fed to hogs.
At the conclusion of the ten weeks period of feeding
reported, the same lots of pigs were used to test the value of
certain feeds in finishing for market. The feeds employed  
were corn, hominy meal (aresidue from hominy mills consisting ` [
of the germ and husk of corn grains), skim milk, tankage  
(composed of dried blood, meat scraps and other packing house  
refuse) and cotton-seed meal. The trial was carried on three  
weeks. The five lots were fed similar rations except in the  
case of cotton-seed meal which was varied. This latter feed    
has been tested by several of the stations and it is well known . flag
that its continued use as a feed for pigs will result in the death if
of the animals. Where fed in small amounts or where
alternated with other feeds some experiments have shown that
death losses may be avoided. Georgeson, Burtis and Otis
(Kansas Bul. 53) fed a ration of Qcorn meal and A cotton-seed
meal to young pigs. They all died before six weeks had
*See Kentucky Bul'etin No. 98.
I

 ..   I V ‘
if 3
 I · 158 Bulletin N0. 101.
  passed. A ration composed of Z corn meal and Z cotton—seed
 _. I meal was fed to two sows. They continued to gain for 45
A days and showed no symptoms of disease. Henry (Wisconsin
 s Report 1894) fed four sows % pound of cotton-seed meal daily
   l for 35 days without any bad effects. Curtis and Carson (Texas ·
 I i  Bul. 21) state that pigs died in from six to eight weeks when
(  fed cotton-seed meal. Emery (North Carolina Bul. 109) fed
  1% pounds of cotton—seed meal with 2% pounds of bran in a
E pig ration for 21 days without bad effects. VVhen the amount
l of cotton—seed meal was increased to 2 pounds the pigs sickened.
· . The subject deserves further study as cotton seed is a cheap
;» and valuable feed, and a large number of experiments will
  show to what extent it may be safely used as a part of the
' Q ration in feeding pigs. Further experiments are also desirable
Q   for determining the danger point of running pigs after steers
  fed cotton-seed meal. Cotton seed has proven a very eflicient
s` feed for cattle and is especially valuable in finishing them for
· is market. The results obtained in the experiment herein reported
· I   indicate that it is no less valuable in finishing fattening hogs.
.   The Hrst week of the finishing period the animals were fed
  i shelled corn and skim milk, the pigs in lots I. and IV. receiving
i   % pound of cotton seed meal per head daily in addition. The
· i second week they were fed hominy meal and tankage the pigs
  . in lots II. and III. receiving X and in lot V,   pound each
fj of cotton-seed meal. The third week the ration was made up
i ( of shelled corn and tankage, the pigs in lot I. receiving X and
.   ° those in lot IV. % pound of cotton-seed meal per head.
The results are shown in the following tables:

 . f 1
` 1
2 1
Feeds for Pigs. 159   1
GAINS PER WEEK, FINISHING PERIOD. ‘
Apr. 25. May 2. May 9. 1 May 16.
_ LUT I. 1 253 263 275 279
2 157 171 182 197 \
3 1451 162 ` 168 176 W
4 195 211 223 232. I
_754 8*17 848 884 ·_  
Net gain, 53 41 36 E  
LOT II. · 5 183 199 2115 211  
6 215 2151 2311 237  `
7 1512 212 227 231  
8 190 1519 1 212 221  »
780 1 829 1 874 900
Net gain, 1 49 ‘45 26
LOT III. 9 204 220 227 228 1
10 197 210 217 225 1
11. 1 2551 272 281 2~3 g
12 1 234 1 245 1 252 1 262 . _
14_ WMW ____,_é.,_ ,.2.-4r,11___ --,_-
1 894 947 977 998
Net gain,   53 30 21 _ _
1   J
Low IV. 13 1 228 245 249 2551 "V
14 1 158 174 184 1514
15 1 188 2(19 2211 2321
16 1 125 1:13 1411 153  
135 3   3   3555 55 335   3 78 335  
1 699 761 793 839    
Net gain, 1 62 32 46    
S
1l ‘,
LO'1` V. 17 1 181 197 1518 207 ` "  
18 1 » 160 170 187 200 `
‘ 19 1 168 184 1519 2119
20 1 225 235 247 1 254
M-}, » -»—·— — ———~15——»   4/—~ -4
1 734 786 831 1 870
Net gain,   52 45   39
‘   ' } 4:.-4--37- Y ;1 . , . 1   ‘. ..._ .,,,0,  1. _"  I I. ` V

  
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 1 160 Bulletin N0. 101.
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1 77 52 1 1  1-1; 5 Water ...... . ............... . ............. . ............ 7.73 ......
gg t Ash ............................ . .............. . ..... 2 46 ‘ 2.67
gf Protein ....................................... .. 10.72 11.62
·` » Fiber ........ . ............. . ................. 4.17 4.51
. ‘ Nitrogen-fre·e extract ......... . ............. 67.50 7:;.11;
_ 1 Fat ................... . ..... . ........... . ...... I ....... 7.-12 N.04
100.00 100.00
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