xt72804xh41m https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt72804xh41m/data/mets.xml Smith, Frank L. 1910  books b92-86-27376435 English Published by the author, : Lexington, [Ky.] : Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Improved Order of Red Men (Ky.) Redmanship in Kentucky for fifty great suns  / by Frank L. Smith. text Redmanship in Kentucky for fifty great suns  / by Frank L. Smith. 1910 2002 true xt72804xh41m section xt72804xh41m 








Redmanship in Kentucky

                FOR


     Fifty Great Suns



  BY PAST SACHEM
  FRANK L. SMITH
GREAT CHIEF OF RECORDS












    LEXINGTON
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR
    G. S. D. 418

 





































\hitI

 





















          TO
 MIANTONOMO TRIBE No. 1
     IMPROVED 0. R. M.
THE MOTHER TRIBE OF THE
    GREAT COUNCIL
      THIS BOOK IS
      DEDICATED
      IN F. F. C.

 
This page in the original text is blank.



 







CONTENTS



                                                     Page
CHAPTER I. The Fore-History, 1765-1833 .............         9

CHAPTER I1. The Establishment of the Improved Order
      of Red Men, 1833-1847 .......      ...................  13

CHAPTER III. The Establishment of the Improved Order
      of Red Men in Kentucky by the Great Council of the
      United States, 1852.............                 15

CHAPTER IV. The Great Council of Kentucky, 1854-1884, 16

CHAPTER V. Kentucky Under the Jurisdiction of the
      Great Council of Ohio, 1884-1894 .................. 48

CHAPTER VI. Kentucky Under a Deputy Great Incohonee
      and the Establishment of Tribes by the Great Council
      of the United States, 1894 ......................... 50
CHAPTER VII. Establishment of the Great Council of
      Kentucky and Its Record from 1895 to 1908 ......... 53

CHAPTER VIII. Brief Review of the Institution of Each
      Tribe in Kentucky, with the Significance of Its Name
      Where Possible ...........    ....................... 126

CHAPTER IX. Roster of the Old Great Council of
     Kentucky ...................................... 155

CHAPTER X. Roster of the Present Great Council of
     Kentucky .................. .................... 160

CHAPTER XI. Biographies of Past Great Sachems of
     Kentucky ..... 169

CHAPTER XII. Roster of Chiefs of the Old Great Council, 203
CHAPTER XIII. Roster of Chiefs of the Present Great
     Council ........................................ 205

 
This page in the original text is blank.

 














PREFACE



   I trust that no apology is necessary for the making of this
b0ook. It is merely a record of facts which if not soon presented
in this tangible form might easily be blotted out forever.
   As' it is intended as a history and record of Redmanship in
Kentucky only, I have made but brief mention of those intensely
interesting events leading up to the establishment of the Great
Council of the United States. Thev will be found recorded in the
Official History of the Order in detail, and the reader is referred
to its pages for the most complete information.
   The records of Redmanship in Kentucky have been diligently
searched, a careful digest made of them, and I believe the in-
formation herein contained may be regarded as authentic.
   I am indebted to niany brothers for kindly assistance in the
compilation of these pages, and I wish to thank them one and all
for the many courtesies shown me.
                      Fraternally, in F. F.  C.,
                                          FRANK L. SMITH.
Lexington, Kentucky, 1st Snow Moon, G. S. D. 418.

 




















            STYLE OF DATING

   Prior to the year A. D. 1865, the Jewish style
namelv, the Year of the World, was observed by
Red Men in dating their documents. At the Council
held in G. S. 5626, this system was discontinued and
G. S. D. (Great 8Sun of Discovery) was adopted, the
year of 1492 being considered G. S. D. 1. For con-
venience it was determined that the Great Sun should
commence on the first of the Cold Moon, to conform
to the common era.


 











CHAPTER I.



              THE FORE-HISTORY (1765-1833)

   The history of the Improved Order of Red Men is so inter-
woven with the history of the struggles of the American Colonies
for independence that to record the one is to repeat the other in
a great measure.
   The first settlers upon this continent were imbued with the
spirit of freedom, and to gain this object left their mother country.
The American shores became the asylum of the oppressed of all
nationalities. They were not, however, thus easily to escape the
hand of British tyranny. The British Government soon learned
that the American colonists were a thrifty, prosperous people,
strong and skilled in the arts and sciences and were rapidly gain-
ing wealth. The temptation. to tax these people for the mainte-
nance of its government and army was too strong upon the mother
country, and severe taxes were imposed; but the right of repre-
sentation in the British Parliament was denied them.
   This usurpation of power created the greatest dissatisfaction
among the colonists, who repeatedly memorialized the English Gov-
ernment for relief, and for redress for their many wrongs, but
without avail.
   As early as 1765, it was the custom of the citizens of the city
of Boston and vicinity to assemble and discuss the aggravating
situation. Their favorite place of meeting was under the famous
Liberty Tree, which stood at what is now the corner of Essex and
Washington streets. These citizens had perfected a permanent or-
ganization, bound together by signed pledges to appose by all
legitimate means the enforcement of the obnoxious "Stamp Act."
It is not known that at that time they had any particular name
for their organization, but Col. Barre, in a speech in the House of
Commons, February 7, 1765, referred to American colonists in
opposition to the stamp act as the "Sons of Liberty," and this
name seems to have been applied to them from that time.
   On the 13th of May, 1766, the news of the repeal of the stamp
act was received in Boston and was celebrated under the Liberty
Tree and on the Commons with great rejoicing.
                               9

 





Redmanship in Kentucky



   The repeal of the stamp act, however, did not satisfy the pa-
triots. While the excessive taxation that had been so oppressive
and burdensome had been removed, the English Government still
held to their right to tax the colonists, and did so tax them, though
in a lighter degree.
   The Sons of Liberty called a meeting on the afternoon of the
13th of May, 1767, at Faneuil Hall and prepared a petition to the
Governor for the removal of a British warship from Boston harbor
which was there for the ptrpose of enforcing the taxation laws.
   A meeting was held March 6th, in Faneuil Hall, with nearly
three thousand members present, Samuel Adams presiding, to pro-
test against the presence of British soldiers in the city, the result
of their presence being riot and bloodshed.
   November 3, 1773, a meeting of the Sons of Liberty was called
under the Liberty Tree to protest against the landing of certain
ships supposed to be laden with taxable tea. Notice of the meet-
ing was posted, and it bore at the bottom this legend: "Show me
the man that dare take this down."
   There is also a record of a meeting of the Sons of Liberty in
the old tavern in Providence, R. I., at about the same time, No-
vember 3, 1773.
   On the 16th of December, 1773, occurred the famous "Boston
Tea Party," given under the auspices of the Sons of Liberty of
Boston and Vicinity.
   On March 1, 1776, the Sons of Liberty held their first meeting
in Baltimore. Wm. Paca, a signer of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, was the secretary. In Savannah, Ga., the first meeting
was held July 14, 1774, when they concurred in the action of
their Northern brethren. In 1765, the first meetings were held in
South Carolina, and in New York meetings were held about con-
current with those in Massachusetts.
   When first organized the Sons of Liberty had no thought of
Independence, but were loyal to the British crown, though protest-
ing against "taxation without representation."
   Their motto was "FREEDOM," however, and as that could not
be obtained under British rule, as a last resort they determined
to be free and independent.
   It is unnecessary to here record the many deeds of heroism
performed by the Sons of Liberty, the "Liberty Boys," the "Minute
Men" and the members thereof. They will be found emblazoned
upon every page of the history of the American Revolution.
   In many localities the Sons of Liberty adopted the title of
"Sons of Saint Tamina," or "Saint Tamina Society," and set apart
the first day of May as their anniversary.



10

 





For Fifty Great Suns



    We quote from the Official History of the Great Council of the
United States, page 158, as follows:
    "In this year, 1771, and for many years later, there existed in
the town of Annapolis a society called the 'Saint Tamina Society,'
who set apart the first day of May in memory of Saint Tamina,
their patron saint, whose history is now lost in fable and uncer-
tainty. It was usual, on the morning of this day, for the mem-
bers of this society to erect in some public location in the city 'a
May-pole,' and to decorate it in a most tasteful manner with wild
flowers, gathered from the adjacent woods, and forming themselves
in a ring around it, hand in hand, perform the 'war-dance' with
many other customs which they had seen exhibited by the 'Chil-
dren of the Forest.' It was also usual, on this day, for such of
the citizens as chose to enter into the amusements, to wear a piece
of buck-tail in their hats, or in some conspicuous part of their
dress. General invitations were given out, and a large company
usually assembled during the course of the evening, and whilst en-
gaged in the midst of a dance, the company would be interrupted
,by the sudden intrusion of a number of the Saint Tamina Society,
habited like Indians, who, rushing violently into the room, singing
war songs and giving the 'whoop,' commenced dancing in the style
of that people. After this ceremony, they made a collection of
money, and retired evidently well pleased with their reception and
entertainment."
   At a later date the day for celebration was changed from the
first day of May to the 12th, which is now observed as "St. Tam-
miny's Day."
   After the close of the Revolutionary War, the object for which
they had banded themselves together having been accomplished, the
Sons of Liberty, or Saint Tamina Societies, became less prominent
in public affairs, and it was the differences of opinion among the
citizens as to the permanent form the government should take that
brought them again to the front as a political organization with the
addition to their motto of "FRIENDSHIP."
   The Saint Tamina Societies, or Societies of St. Tammany, as
they were variously called, became quite powerful in the political
affairs of the young nation and were organized in all parts of the
country from the close of the Revolutionary War up to as late
as 1820.
   The only record we find of this Society in Kentucky is in
Ranck's History of Lexington, from which we quote the following:
   "A St. Tammany Society was instituted in Lexington about
this time, 1811, and continued to exist up to 1820. The 'Wig-
wam' was in the second story of a building which stood on the
corner of Main and Broadway. The sons of St. Tammany often



11

 





Redmanship in Kentucky



paraded through the streets disguised as Indians, and magnificent
in red paint, feathers, bows, tomahawks, and war clubs. It was
one of the most noted Democratic organizations in the West.
Thomas T. Barr, Richard Chinn, and others successively filled the
office of 'Sachem.' We give verbatim one of the Society's or-
ders, viz.:
   "St. Tammany's Day.-The Sons of St. Tammany, or Brethren
of the Columbian, Order, will assemble at the council fire of their
great wigwam on Tuesday, the 12th of the month of Flowers, at
the rising of the sun, to celebrate the anniversary of their patron
saint.
   "A dinner will be provided at Bro. John Fowler's garden, to
which the brethren will march in procession, where a long talk
will be delivered by one of the order.
   "An adjourned meeting of the Society will be held on tomorrow
evening, at the going down of the sun. By order of the Grand
Sachem.                               N. S. PORTER, Sec.
      "8th of the month of Flowers, Year of Discovery, 326."
   During the second war with Great Britain, Fort Mifflin, on
the Delaware River, near Philadelphia, was garrisoned for a time
by a military company composed of the sons of the leading citi-
zens of Philadelphia. At Fort Mifflin, and among these volun-
teers originated the "Society of Red Men," about the year 1813.
Their motto was "Freedom and Friendship," and they were a nat-
ural outgrowth from and sequence to the St. Tammany Societies.
   The records of the Society df Red Men are abundant aid the
Great Council of the United States in its Official History of the
Order traces its growth and decline in detail as well as its customs
and ceremonies. It flourished until about the year 1828, when it
began to decline, and in 1832 was about extinct. The elements of
conviviality, which seems to have been inseparable from all fra-
ternal organizations of that period, finally produced such a degen-
eration in the Society as to disgust the better element, and cause
the reorganization in its present form, and the incorporation of
the word "Improved" in its title.

    It will be observed that the present style of dating was used
nbarly one hundred years ago, though subsequently changed to the
Jewish method.



12



 












CHAPTER II.



THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE IMPROVED ORDER OF RED
                      MEN (1833-1847).

   In a pamphlet prepared by Bro. John F. Weishampel, Sr., con-
taining a long talk delivered by him on Saint Tammany's Day,
May 12, 1837, in the city of Baltimore, Md., he says:
   "For some length of time prior to organizing the present Im-
proved Ord of Red Men, there existed in Baltimore, Md.' a lodge,
or society, called Red Men. They had their wigwam, or place of
meeting, in the garret of a tavern. They met once a week, paid
their dues, and initiated new me'mbers if any were on hand. After
the business was over, the rest of the evening was spent in singing,
telling yarns, making speeches, and convivial enjoyment, in which
the decanter largely figured. The object of the society appeared to
be only convivial entertainment. Several gentlemen who had been
induced to join the lodge, but who did not favor such a course,
withdrew as soon as they discovered the nature and object of the
society, and it soon afterwards broke up."
   Among those who had become members of the Red Men, though
ignorant of its pernicious customs, were Geo. A. Peter and William
T. Jones, as well as a number whose names it is unnecessary to
record, yet admiring the beauties of its aboriginal ceremonies, de-
termined to revive the society upon a basis of sobriety, virtue and
mutual assistance in time of need.
   Several preliminary meetings were held, at which plans, rules
and regulations for its government were discussed and adopted,
and the Tribe was duly organized under the title of Logan Tribe,
No. 1, Order of Improved Red Men, having for their motto,
"FREEDOM, FRIENDSHIP AND CHARITY."
   The presiding chief was styled the Sachem. and the others
graded as Sagamores, Prophet, Chief of Records, Keeper of Wam-
pum, Guards of the Forest and Wigwam, Sanaps, Warriors and
Braves. They also later prefixed the word "Worthy" to the titles
of the chiefs.
   Dates were computed according to the Jewish method, using the
year of the world, or, as it was called, the "Grand Sun of the world."
                             13

 





Redmanship in Kentucky



A year was a "grand sun," and continued to be so styled until 1868,
when it was changed to "great sun."
   A calendar or table of nomenclature was established, practically
the same as that now in use. The chiefs of the Tribes were elected
every three moons, which continued to be the custom for many
"grand suns."
   After Logan Tribe had been in existence for about one great
sun, and there had also been instituted Metamora Tribe, No. 2, it
was deemed advisable to apply to the Maryland Legislature for a
charter, so that the Tribe could be recognized as an important
body. Brother John F. Weishampel, Sr., was appointed to draw
up the petition, and in so doing prepared the papers in the name
of the "Improved Order of Red Men," thus transposing the original
title, "Order of Improved Red Men." None of members seemed
to notice the alteration in the name and it therefore remained so.
   Soon after the organization of Metamora Tribe, No. 2, it was
deemed best to form a higher body, and therefore on the 20th
sun of Flower Moon, G. S. 5595, the Grand Council of Maryland
was organized.
   Pocahontas Tribe, No. 3, was instituted three great suns later,
and the Order was now firmly established and seemed on the
high road to success and prosperity.
   In September, 1841, a new Tribe was instituted under the name
of Metamora Tribe, No. 4, the old Tribe, Metamora, No. 2, having
forfeited its charter and become defunct. Metamora, No. 4, did
not last long for a difficulty arose between the Tribe and the Great
Council of Maryland, and the membership withdrew and formed
the nucleus of the organization known as the Independent Order of
Red Men, composed entirely of Germans.
   Several additional Tribes were established by the Great Coun-
cil of Maryland, and on November 4, 1845, there having previously
been established three Tribes in the District of Columbia, the
Great Council of Maryland granted a charter to the Great Council
of the District of Columbia, and it was established on that day.
   From this time on the Order spread, until there were Tribes
in several Reservations, and on the 1st sleep of the 5th seven suns
of Cold Moon, 5607, which in the common era corresponds to
Monday, January 30, 1847, was instituted and organized the Great
Council of the United States, which was and is recognized as the
Supreme Body of the Improved Order of Red Men.



14



 

















CHAPTER III.



THE EtS'TABLISHMENT OF REDMANSHIP IN KENTUCKY BY
    THE GREAT COUNCIL OF THE UNITED STATES, 1852.

    We have but the briefest record of the introduction of Redman-
ship into the Reservation of Kentucky.
   Worthy Great Incohonee Wm. Tucker, in his long talk to the
Great Council of the United States in 5613 (1852), referred to
the organization of Chickasaw Tribe, No. 1, of Newport, Kentucky,
and Black Hawk Tribe, No. 2, of Covington. The date of the
introduction of the Order into Kentucky was the 29th of Hot
Moon, G. S. 5612, (June 29, 1852). The first Prophet of Black
Hawk Tribe, No. 2, was A. J. Francis, afterwards sixteenth Great
Incohonee of the G. C. U. S.
   There were also established the following Tribes, though we
have no record of the exact date of their institution:
   Pocahontas Tribe, No. 3, of Newport, G. S. 5613.
   Kentucky, No. 4, of Louisville, G. S. 5614.



15



 












CHAPTER IV.



       THE GREAT COUNCIL OF KENTUCKY, 1854-1884.


   Pursuant to a notice given, the Past Sachems of Chicasaw
Tribe, No. 1, of Newport, Blackhawk Tribe, No. 2, of Covington,
and Pocahontas Tribe, No. 3, of Newport, of the Improved Order
of Red Men, assembled in Newport on the 9th of Sturgeon Moon,
G. S. 5614, for the purpose of organizing a Great Council in the
Reservation of Kentucky.
   The following named Past Sachems were present:
   From Chicasaw Tribe, No. 1-Geo. W. Ford, P. A. C. Kemper,
J. H. Barlow, G. D. Allen, Wm. Ostler, D. H. B. Coffin and
C. J. Murdock.
   From Black Hawk Tribe, No. 2-V. Schinkle, E. Reese, Uriah
Schinkle, and A. J. Francis.
   From Pocahontas Tribe, No. 3-Geo. W. Schmidt.
   It is worthy of note that of the foregoing, Geo. W. Ford after-
wards became the 9th Great Incohonee of the Great Council of the
United States, and A. J. Francis the 16th.
   The Great Council Fire was kindled in due form by the Worthy
Great Incohonee George A. Peter, and the following named chiefs
were elected or appointed and raised up:
George W. Ford ...........        Most Worthy Great Sachem
E. Reese ...........       Most Worthy Great Senior Sagamore
Uriah Schinkle ........... Most Worthy Great Junior Sagamore
P. A. C. Kemper ...........       Most Worthy Great Prophet
A. J. Francis ...........  Most Worthy Great Chief of Records
V. Schinkle ........... Most Worthy Great Keeper of Wampum

    "The Great Council of Kentucky was instituted at Newport
on the 9th sleep of Sturgeon Moon, G. S. 5614, (August 9, 1864).
Great 'Sachem George W. Ford, elected at this time, afterwards be-
came -the ninth Great Incohonee of the G. C. U. S."-Records G. C.
U. -S., 5614.
    "Among those admitted for the first time was Past Great
Sachem A. J. Francis, who afterwards became Great Inoohonee of
the G. C. U. S."-Records G. C. U. S., 5617.
                              16

 





For Fifty Great Suns



D. H. B. Coffin..........                         Great Sannap
Wm. Ostler ..........                  Great Guard of Wigwam
G. W. Schmidt .......... Great Guard of Forest
    It was ordered that Kentucky Tribe, No. 4, be notified of the
 institution of this Great Council and that it is now under its
 jurisdiction.
    Kentucky Tribe was located in Louisville and it is probable
 that it did not join in the call for the institution of the Great
 Council.
    It was agreed that the annual sessions of the Great Council
be held in the hunting grounds of Newport, and the quarterly ses-
sions in such place as a majority of the members present may de-
termine from time to time.
    Various committees were appointed, including one on Consti-
tution and Laws, and the council fire was quenched, to be rekindled
on the 19th sleep of Sturgeon Moon, on which date the Great
Council met pursuant to adjournment, and the council fire was
kindled with due solemnity.
    No important business was transacted at this council other than
the adoption of a code of Rules and By-Laws, and the council fire
was quenched to be rekindled on the 26th sleep of Sturgeon Moon.
   At this adjourned council Representatives to the Great Council
of the United States were elected as follows: E. Reese, G. W.
Ford, and U. Schinkle, and the council fire was quenched to be
rekindled on the 2nd sleep of Traveling Moon, but did not meet
until the 16th sun, when the council fire was kindled and routine
business transacted.
   At this session it was ordered that all Tribes in the jurisdic-
tion be requested to surrender the charters they had received from
the G. C. U. S., and apply to the Great Council of Kentucky for
charters.
   The next session was -held in Covington, on the 15th of Cold
Moon, 5615, when several Past Sachems presented credentials and
were admitted.
   A petition was received from pale faces residing in Alexandria
praying for the institution of Choctaw Tribe, No. 5, in those hunt-
ing grounds, and a dispensation was granted to kindle the coun-
cil fire.
   The next session was held in the hunting grounds of Louisville,
on the 16th sun of Plant Moon, 5615.
   Worthy Great Sachem Geo. W. Ford stated that he had been
appointed Vice Great Incohonee for the Southern States, and was
soon to visit New Orleans for the purpose of instituting a Tribe
there.



17

 





Redmanship in Kentucky



   It was decided that a Brother elected Prophet of a Tribe at its
institution was entitled to he honors of a Past Sachem without
passing through the chairs.
   The council fire was then quenched in due form.


                             1855.
               ASCOND GRAND SUN OOUNCIL.

   The Great Council fire was kindled in ample form at Newport
on the 16th sun of Buck Moon, G. S. 5615.
   Past Sachems and representatives were admitted from Chick-
asaw Tribe, No. 1; Black Hawk Tribe, No. 2; Pocahontas Tribe,
No. 3; Kentucky Tribe, No. 4; Choctaw Tribe, No. 5, and Tecum-
seh Tribe, No. 6, of Louisville. The records fail to show the date
of the institution of this Tribe, but it must have been during the
Great Sun 5614-5615, and was authorized to work in the German
language.
   Great Chiefs for the ensuing Great Sun were elected and raised
up as follows:
Elias Reese, of No. 2.................. Worthy Great Sachem
S. I. B Badgley, of No. 4 ......... Worthy Great Senior Sagamore
Chas. Amann, of No. 3 ........... Worthy Great Junior Sagamore
J. B. Monder, of No. 1 ................. Worthy Great Prophet
A. J. Francis, of No. 2........... Worthy Great Chief of Records
V. Schinkle, of No. 2 ......... Worthy Great Keeper of Wampum
G. W. Ford, Great Representative to G. C. U. S. for two great suns
Bros. Brown and Coffin, for one great sun each.
   Great Sachem Geo. W. Ford read the first long talk, an able
and comprehensive document. He said: "The Grand Sun just
past is the first of this Great Body. It has been one of great trial.
The Great Manitou's face has been under a cloud, our corn patches
have been barren and our vines brought forth no fruit; yet has
not the faith of the Red Man faltered. The cloud is being lifted,
our hearts are made glad, the corn and vine promise much, our
squaws and pappooses shall not go hungry, and the wampum belt
shall again be full. During the past Grand Sun two more Tribes
have been added to our number-Choctaw Tribe, No. 5, at Alex-
andria, and Teeumseh Tribe, No. 6, at Louisville. In the absence
of written law I have been governed by this alone, our motto,
"Freedom, Friendship, and Charity." Freedom of thought in dis-
cussion; Friendship in our intercourse with the brotherhood, and



is

 





For Fifty Great Suns



Charity towards our brothers' faults, frailties and the foibles of
human nature." Speaking as he was to Past Sachems only, the fol-
lowing was not only timely then, but is still pertinent and should
be heeded: "We would earnestly recommend that you attend
regularly the councils of your respective Tribes, for to you it is
natural to look for countenance and advice. It is a too common
failing that when a brother has attained the highest post of honor
for him to become remiss in his duties to his Tribe, for it is his
duty to attend the kindling of his council fire upon every occasion,
when health and private duties permit. It is essentially the province
of all past officers to guide their respective Tribes in the right path,
that they go not astray and follow the path of the evil spirit. Let
this advice sink deeply into your hearts and penetrate fruitfully
your understanding."
    The following was adopted:
    "Resolved, That this Great Council instruct its Representatives
to the G. C. U. S. to call the attention of that body to the subject
of establishing a chief's degree to be conferred upon the squaws
of Red Men."
    The Great Council fire was quenched, to be rekindled in the
hunting grounds of Alexandria, on the 15th sun of Traveling Moon,
G. S. 5616.
   On the above date the council fire was rekindled. Since the
quenching of the last council fire the Great Council of the United
States had convened, and Past Great Sachem Geo. W. Ford had
been elected Great Incohonee of that body, and he presided at this
session of the Great Council of Kentucky.
   Several Past Sachems presented credentials and were admitted,
routine business was transacted and the council fire was quenched,
to be rekindled in the hunting grounds of Covington, on the 21st
sun of Cold Moon, G. S. 5616, on which (late the Great Council
reconvened, but transacted no important business other than a
resolution to fine all Great Chiefs for non-attendance, and the
council fire was quenched, to be rekindled in the hunting grounds
of Louisville, on the 14th sun of Plant Moon, 5616.
   At this adjourned session much business of only local interest,
however, was transacted.
   A resolution was adopted to kindle the Great Council fire semi-
annually instead of quarterly, once in Louisville and once in New-
port or Covington.
   The council fire was then quenched.



19

 





Redmanship in Kentucky



                             185.
                THIRD GREAT SUN COUNCIL.

   The council fire was kindled with due solemnities in the hunt-
ing grounds of Newport, on the 21st sun of Buck Moon, G. S. 5616.
   Representatives were present from Chickasaw Tribe, No. 1;
Black Hawk Tribe, No. 2; Pocahontas Tribe, No. 3, and Tecumseh
Tribe, No. 6.
   Great Sachem Elias Reese presented his long talk, regretting
that he had not been able to institute any new Tribes, but reported
the Order in a very healthy condition.
   The election of Great Chiefs for the Grand Sun ensuing resulted
as follows:
A. J. Francis...........                  M. W. Great Sachem
John Hughes ...........           M. W. Great Senior Sagamore
John Amann ...........           M. W. Great Junior Sagamore
Wm. Schmidt ...........                   M. W. Great Prophet
Peter Ruhl...........            M. W. Great Chief of Records
Vincent Schinkle ...........         M. W. Keeper of Wampum
Elias Reese ...........     Great Representative to G. C. U. S.
   The finance committee reported total receipts for the Grand
Sun, 374.40; expenses, 324.50; balance in the wampum belt,
49.90.
   No business was transacted at this session worthy of being re-
corded on these pages, and after the Past Great Sachem had in-
structed the brethren in the secret work the Great Council fire was
quenched, to be rekindled in the hunting grounds of Louisville,
on the 13th sun of Cold Moon, G. S. 5617.
   On the above date the Great Council reconvened, and represent-
atives were admitted from Kentucky Tribe, No. 4; Tecumseh, No.
6, and Delaware, No. 7.
   The Great Sachem reported that he had granted a dispensation
for a new Tribe at Louisville, to be known as Delaware Tribe, No.
7, and that its first council fire had been kindled on the 2nd sun,
Traveling Moon, G. S. 5617.
   Reports were received in correct form from all Tribes except
Chickasaw Tribe, No. 1, and Choctaw, No. 5, and as no further
mention is made of No. 5 in subsequent records, it is probable
that it was at this time defunct.
   Past Great Sachem Elias Reese, Great Representative to G. C.
U. S., made a lengthy report, stating at that time there were nine
States having Great Councils, viz.: Maryland, Pennsylvania, Vir-
ginia, District of Columbia, New Jersey, Ohio, Kentucky, Dela-



20

 





For Fifty Great Suns



ware, and New York, and that hereafter the Great Council of the
United States would be a representative body, exclusively. He
also reported that P. G. I. Geo. W. Ford had been appointed Vice
Great Incohonee for Louisiana, Tennessee and Texas.
   A committee was appointed to have the Great Council of Ken-
tucky incorporated.
   The council fire was then quenched.



                             1857.

               FOURTH GRAND SUN COUNCIL.

   The council fire was kindled in the wigwam of Black Hawk
Tribe, No. 2, Covington, on the 13th of Buck Moon, G. S. 5617.
   Representatives were admitted from Tribes Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7.
   The long talks of the Great Chiefs were not copied in the pro-
ceedings, therefore no excerpts can be made from them.
   A committee of three was appointed to draft a constitution for
the government of Tribes under the jurisdiction of this Great
Council. Previous to this time each Tribe had prepared its own
constitution as well as by-laws, subject, however, to approval by
the Great Council.
   Chiefs for the ensuing Grand Sun were elected and raised up
as follows:
John Hughes ..............                  I. W. Great Sachem
Gregory B. Kiteley ............   . X1. W. Great Senior Sagamore
John B. Davies .............     M. W. Great Junior Sagamore
W. D. Turner .............                M. W. Great Prophet
Peter Ruhl .............         M. W. Great Chief of Records
A. J. Francis .............    M. W. Great Keeper of Wampum
A. J. Francis .............       Representative to G. C. U. S.

   After transacting the usual routine business, the council fire
was quenched. to be rekindled in the wigwam of Kentucky Tribe,
No. 4, hunting grounds of Louisville, on the 11th of Cold Moon,
G. S. 5618.
   The Great Council reconvened, pursuant to adjournment, with
all Great Chiefs present.
   Representatives were admitted from Tribes Nos. 2, 4, 6 and 7.
   No business was transacted other than the payment of current
bills and acting upon a new code of bv-laws for the Great Council,
and