xt73tx352m7n https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt73tx352m7n/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1939 journals kaes_circulars_289 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 289 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 289 1939 2014 true xt73tx352m7n section xt73tx352m7n   I
f Burley- obacco Pro]ect
For 4-H Clubs i I
CIRCULAR N0. 289 I
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UNIV ERSI I Y of KEN I UCKY i
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE  I
Extension Division I
THOMAS P. COOPER, Dean and Director  
Lexington, Ky.
January, 1939
` C0 Published in coimeetion with the agricultural extension work carried On b1'
DE°§sIt“U0¤ of the College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, with the U. S.
» mur ment of Agriculture, and distributed in flll`iZi`l(’1‘£l.l`lCE of the work provided for a 
’ ic Act of Congress of May 8, 1914.   `
1OM~5·41 V  
* I
.._.—— ***5 I/J

 REQUIREMENTS
l. Boys and girls ll) to 18 years ol age inclusive may take thi; [ml
project. CW
2. Enrollment should take place not later than March 15. WH
3. Each member must grow at least 0ne—fourth ol an acre of to- lm
bacco, l`ollowing the advice ol his county agent and project leader. {Ol?
ret
' 4. Each member must keep a record on the [orms in this circular, Old
ol all work done on the project. The record must be approved uml ' hm
signed by the county agent. nm]
5. The county agent or two disinterested persons must iueusurr Om
. . . 1 ·1 5
the ground and certily to the yield. ( li
moi
6. Each member should make an exhibit ol tobacco at his count; onli
show or one ol the district shows. box
. . . . wht
7. Each member should receive the net return [rom his l)l`O](‘Cl.
‘ tree
8. To get the most development out of 4-H club work, a member lcac
should attend all meetings ol his club and take part in its activities. all
lail
_ TIMELY REMINDERS, see page 9. clea
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Circular N0. 289
BURLEY-TOBACCO PROJECT FOR 4-H CLUBS
By E. J. KINNEY
Raising //20 Plan/s. Probably most club members can get plants
kc [hh [mln their home plant beds but if necessary to raise the plants, pro-
ceed as follows:
Select a very productive plot of land which gets the early morning i
· sun, and is as little shaded during the day as possible. An old fence
2 Of [O_ row or old sod ground is good. For a quarter of an acre of
mdml tol>acco,* plow or spade an area 9 by l2 feet and make a good seed-
bed. Pile a layer of dry brush on the bed and on this place poles,
»l`€Ul¤l`» old boards or other wood. Enough wood should be used to give a
Cd illlll I hot hre for a half hour at least. Set fire to the brush in several places
and let it burn down. After the bed has cooled, sprinkle 3 pounds
lcmm of mixed fertilizer on it and rake in very lightly. Mix one—third level
teaspoonful of tobacco seed very thoroly with a quart of slightly
moist sand or soil and sow on the bed, going over it several times in
CON"'} older to get an even distribution. Tramp the bed carefully; then
box in with six—inch boards and cover with tobacco cotton. YVater
_Oj(_U' l\‘llCH the soil becomes dry, using about ll barrel of water 0f1C€ Z1
week. If cutworms or other insects give trouble, dust the bed with
l€1¤l>€¤` lead arsenate. A half pound of nitrate of soda dissolved in 5 gallons
ivities. of water should be sprinkled over the bed if at any time the plants
fail to make a good growth. Follow immediately with 5 gallons of
dear water to prevent the solution from burning the plants. Pre-
pare the plant bed as early as the ground can be worked.
Selection and Prejmmtion of I/ir Land. Choose fertile, well-
drained soil: sod land is best. Break the land as early as possible.
especially if in sod. Fall plowing is particularly desirable for heavy
grass sods. Disk at intervals to keep down weeds and put the land
m good condition for transplanting.
i Feriil{zm·s. Fertilizer seldom fails to give an increase in yield
of tobacco and often improves the quality of the leaf. Purchase a
fertilizer containing 4 to 5 percent of nitrogen, 8 to l2 percent of
 
Mpfngt igilulglggtflgizrlfyérgggigsgpg ithat the directions given in this circular as _t0 SiZC‘
acre. The efub member who wishes to (ligiléezinogg fliiiiifliiilciqdlairftejrilogh;1i)2ii?i§e0fn3?tQliiiiitgtli
proportionately larger plant bed and amount of seed and fertilizer.

 1
-1 »Lt'r’/I.f!:'f`f{)’ !C.x·/wzxiozz (lircit/ar No. ZS!)
phosphoric acid and 0 to 8 percent of potash. Use 100 to 125 pounds ;(
of such fertilizer for one—quarter acre. \t\’hen it is impossible to il
· t obtain a fertilirer with as high percentage of nitrogen, as recom-
mended. use 100 pounds of the best fertilizer obtainable and. aI`tt·r tt
the tobacco has started to grow. apply 25 pounds of nitrate of sotlzi bt
or sulfate of ammonia around the plants. but do not get any on rl
` the plants. st
,~f]>j;Iy/ng I/1:: Ferli/izcr. Mark out the land in rows F11/Q feet 1f*
apart. For 1A, acre, it; is IHOSK convenient to drill the fertilizer in tht: ‘ if
rows by hand. To apply 125 pounds per quarter—aere. drill -1 pountl~ >t
in each 100 feet of row. After drilling the fertilizer, run along thc tl
edge of the furrows with a hand garden plow or a single-shovel one- Ut
horse plow. so as to cover the fertilizer and make a nevw mark. Set B
i the tobacco in the new mark. This puts the roots of the plants closr .
to the fertilizer but not in contact with it.
Sc//ing the P/mz/s. Machine setting is preferable but it is often
more convenient for club members to set by hand. Space plants lt} g
inches apart on very productive soil and 18 to 20 inches on that ~l l
medium productivity and on hill land. The rows should be lf? l
inches apart. The secret of getting a good stand is to press the eartli  
Hrmly around the plants when setting. Early transplanting—from  
May 10 to _]une 1—usually gives the best quality of tobacco. 1
Cul//tration. As soon as the plants start to grow, or before if 'I
rain crusts the ground, give the tobacco a shallow cultivation. lt i~ g
desirable to loosen the soil around the plants with a hoe, but carr i
should be taken not to loosen the plants. Further hoeing is unnt·r» '
cssary except to destroy weeds. Cultivate after heavy rain ami E
whenever necessary to keep down weeds. Shallow cultivation is best. Q
Discontinue cultivation when the passage of the cultivator l>cure<·a
the rows begins to break and bruise the leaves.
COmfH1/1-Hg l’l”Ot‘1H.$. One should be constantly on the \\'i1ft`ll ll`
fO1‘ f0l)HCCO \V()l`l'IlS. At the hrst appearance, (lust the plants Wllll Hi
lead Zlrsenflte. This poison is much safer than Paris green. HS fllf [l_
latter, unless applied very carefully, may burn the plants. In
T0/J/J/ing (md S'!/cfcrwfrtg. Allow i\\lhite Burley tobacco to l>l00lll ll;
out fully before topping. Sixteen to twenty-four leaves sholtltl llf M
left. depending upon the vigor of the plant. The aim is to l is mature, to nrevent loss of the lower leaves. Put
I .
ty on the tobacco directly on the sticks as last as cut, L; or 0 plants on each
stick, with the butts toward the sun. Haul the tobacco to the barn
Im as soon as it is wilted, and hang the sticks about 8 to 9 inches apart.
H [hp §l12tl{C Olll Ll1C l()l)2lCCO \\*€ll l)€fO1`C llllllgillg, SO ll1C lC2lV€S \Vill HOL `
,um]_ stick together. This is very important. In very hot, dry weather,
U lh,. cut the tobacco in the late afternoon and haul it to the barn the
Gmc next lorenoon. Splitting the stalk is preferable to spearing. \'Vl1lL€
_ SCI Burley tobacco is put on sticks as it is cut.
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www White burley tobacco immediately after cutting,
(fl(l`lvIIt*` Hur/et To/1 ··» U ‘u’ ll t tl1e tolrt c > will be cured with
Yimh 5 ) urn. s tl y . tt, t .
with the other tobacco on the farm; hence the club ineniber will have
S IM lllllC opportunity (lll supervising the curing. Howevei`. il is l1l`gC\\'(3\'C1`, itlltl Yemztltls at this point over $(5 hours, Zlllil ills lim
temperature is 70‘° or over it is advisable to start, tires. l)cl1lil<"l ilk
(ill`CCllUIlS for lirillg with coke stoves will be lttrnished by ll1C l{€ll‘ Hf
lucky Experiment Station, on request. (lil
.»\l`tcr yellowing is completed all ventilators may be kept "l""' my
in lair weather until the ltra[ is tompletely dry; ()n windy da}~ Mild my

  
Bm`/ey—T0bacr:o Project for 4-H Clubs 7
tn of in rainy weather they should be closed. VVhen curing is finished,
narns all ventilators should be kept closed. Tobacco keeps its hnish better
cd itt when bulked than when left hanging up; hence as soon as safe it is
—ade— advisable to bulk down the entire crop. Care must be taken to see
ation that it is not in such high order, when bulked, that there is danger
tttiltl- nl damage in the bulk.
MOH' S/ripjzhig and Sor/ing. The leaves on a stalk of cured tobacco
d bu tliller greatly in size, soundness, texture, body (thickness) and color; .
mm" hence they can be separated into several classes based on these dill`er—
ences. This is known as sorting. Sorting is necessary for two reasons.
"l’““` The various classes of leaf are used for different purposes in the
mol ntanttfacture of tobacco products. If sorting were not done on
f""f the farm, it would have to be done by the manufacturer. Because
5 ‘f°‘ of a smaller supply or greater demand, some grades command higher
all ull prices than others. If tobacco were sold unsorted, it would be dif-
*- Bf licttlt to determine a price fair to both the manufacturer and tl1e
Y tw grower.
gdlf Proper sorting of tobacco is an 2l1`t that can be learned only by
S fhg experience. Particularly with \\’hite Burley, much skill is necessary
(NIMH? because of the numerous grades into which the crop is divided. A
L mf tlttb tnember without experience should get help from an experi-
  C11CCtl man in stripping and sortinghhis crop. If a clttb tnentber is
V ttnable to get help from father or friends, the county agent or club
fihi; leader will give the required assistance.
isitte The more leaves allowed to mature on a tobacco plant, the
COW §1`0tttcrtlie variation in leaf characteristics and the larger the ntnn-
tr the her of grades that must be made. \tVhite Burley often is topped at
i. i\ 20 leaves, which necessitates a rather large number of grades. l·`ol—
p,\.,, f"“`lll§ is it brief description of Burley grades: (l) At the bottom of
um] 'f“` Slillls are one or more small, thin, light-colored, often ragged
ls Sit leaves known as flyings or sum! lerutes. (2) Next above the f/y1`ttg.v.
xl the are the /ms/1 leaves. These diller from the llyings in being of good
ailetl me and fairly sound, but are light in body, and colory. (fl) Next
lien- Rte the lug leaves. These are fttll size, sound and have tnore body
than the trash leaves. They are not quite so colory as the latter.
Ulu-tt lfljif Affflvc [IIC IUQS is l.l1C gT2tClC known as brighl Ieuf. The leaves in
w Amt V ”§'·¤flC are large, very sound and have good body. lhe \llll`ff’¢¤l‘ Ocff
ticipate. Prizes are offered for the best—handled crops and l>est—lsf`l’f
1`€‘C0l`ClS. None but ·tf-H club crops are sold during the salC. ilillf"f` NOW
shows are held in December and _]amiary and keeping this in ltlfllff
while hottsing will make it practicable to strip and sort 1h<*  l··l` . . . .
1 JllllC—— Finish setting by June 20. Cultivate as soon as plants   sen-
¥'llll"’ Keep accurate record of time. Reset missing hills. Keep  
iullcll worms.
‘,H_ Jllli'— Cultivatc to keep down weeds. Watch for bud worms. Top  
Pl"` plants high <16-24 leaves) and leave 2 top suckers to grotr.
re lllll
sr¤l`lt‘e moisture conditions during tlie growing season V ..  
(lliaracter ol` the season during euring. Explain __.............,. .. y

 HI(’}`](’)I-T()]}(l(,'(`() l’mjI ........,... I ....,..... I II4,,...,..
I ;
. Cost of fertilizer ..............................,......................................................... ] ..,,.,...... . ..........
Other items .....................................,............,............................................,..   ...,..,...., I ....,.   N
I
Total expenses .......................,..,...........................................,,............ I——`-—- '`'``````’``
Receipts ‘‘‘‘‘*······
Pounds of leaf produced ........................,...................,.............................`.,.l,.......   ·~-v·-·-·»4·
I
Value, per pound, cents ............,.........................................,...........,.,,.... I ,.......,.. I ..lI.  
Value of the crop ...................................................................................... I ........4l.. I .....  
I I II I.,.I.,..
Deduct expenses ......,..........,...................,........,.........,,............,, I ..........., I ...,...
Net receipts ............,............,..............................,....,...........,.........l.........,.... I-——~— ·~---··-—--·
l hereby eertily that this project has been carried out to tht? l>€*I   IIVII  
of my ability and that this is a true report. _ 4_______
..............,..,....,.4.._,.__ I ___,_____,,______,_ Club Mt‘l1ll¤€l II I,`_____ __
Altest: _III_I__Ii.......I I II..I.I... II I   · ·-·-- - -I·l
(Local Projcttt Leader)
Date IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII   II

 Bl(7`]€j’—TO{)(l('('() Pmjr*r/ f0r—/—H Clubs IB j
STORY OF HOW I GREVV MY TOBACCO
This story must be in the club membe1·’s own handwriting.
rs§ Gems
\Ic111|1c1’ _ 4,,,_______‘I._'I  

 H- [\’(’}IIII/`]{)’ EXI(f7IS}.f})] Cirru/ur N0. 289
STORY-Continued

 l;7(7`]€}*-T()[}{l(`6`O Plmjrcrl for 4-H Clubs I5 V
STORY—C0ntinued

 i
BURLEY TOBACCO PROJECT OF
, Name .,...., . , .,.O..   . A.....,4,A.,.,O,. . ,O.._,. . O..,,,_ Age M
County .,.V. . ...,.O».V.»....V..A....____.,....,...,, Date ,.4........,4.....» , ,
Post ofHce .__.,.,__,__..V.,,_O., rr .,_,_,,.____, _ ._____, R. F. D. __ r
Years in Club work _ _ A V , _ , _ A_____ In this project  
Approved ,_.....V........, . ...... . ................................t.............,. M .
(County Agent)
Date ,_,_,V,..,..,.........,.......,.,t................  
PH]
THE
Act