xt741n7xn255 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt741n7xn255/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1933 journals kaes_circulars_266 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 266 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 266 1933 2014 true xt741n7xn255 section xt741n7xn255 V )
 
ld the U
tt COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
>es o
yards Extension Division
mation THOMAS P. COOPER, Dean and Director
range
a land
7 th ·
is S; CIRCULAR NO. 266
Tor the ....__..
» pm- HOME STORAGE STRUCTURES AND
°’ “‘° EQUIPMENT
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Storage Mound for Vegetables n
nuld be _
; them Lexington, Kentucky
estines June, 1933
easier
ed ln; Published in connection with the agricultural extension work carried
gs ca OI; by °00Derati0n of the College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky,
fi baby ith UWB U. S. Department of Agriculture, and distributed in furtherrmce
0 Um “`m`k Dl`0\‘ided for in the Act of Congress of May 8, 1914.

 I
VEGETABLE STORAGE TABLE
 
an
p
IJ
*5 vi B St `
:.. zu .... orage
Vegetable gt E ,T E Period Remarks
H hn I-· E
Egg ¤
‘ BC;. M
 
I I _ I I
Beets I 34-38 IMed1um Nov. to Apr. |Da1·k place. Keep best
I I I lin sand.
I
Brussels Sprouts I 34-38 IMedium INov. to Dec. IDig. Plant close to-
I I I Igether in sand, sprouts
I I I Iu11piCk€d.
I
Cabbage I 34-38 IMedium INov. to Apr. Sound, hard heads only.
I I I IDemands good ventila-
I I I {tion. Ball head stores
I   I I best.
Carrots I 34-38 IMedium INov. to Apr. IDark place. Keep best
I I II I in sand.
Celery I 34-38 IMedium INov. to Feb. IDifficult; dig with roots.
I I I lstand upright in moist
I I Isaud. Darken 3 weeks
I I I Ibefore use.
I
Onions I 34-38 IDry |Sept. to Apr. IShallow crates or on
I I I Islat shelves. Free venti-
I I I Ilation. Dry before st0r·
I I I I ing.
Potatoes I 34-38 IMedium INov. to Apr. IDa1·k. Pile in bull:
I I I IGood ventilation.
Turnips I 34-38 IMedium INov. to Apr. IPile in bulk. Avoiii
I I I I bruising.
Pumpkins and I I   I
Squash I 50-55 IDry INov. to Apr. I Avoid bruising.
Sweetpotatoes I 50-55 |D1·y INov. to Apr. ICure at 70° for 3 yveeltg
I I I Ibefore storing. Discnin ,
' I I I Iall bruised.
I I I
 

 I CIRCULAR NO. 266
Home Storage Structures and Equipment
is By HOWARD MATSON
  REQUIREMENTS FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLE STORAGE*
mp bm The successful storage of fruit and vegetables requires the
gloggroiz maintenance of proper temperature, humidity and ventilation.
(See vegetable storage table.) Vegetables fall into two classes,
  "warm" and "cool". For the former, comprising squashes,
ui stores eushaws and sweet-potatoes, a temperature of 50 degrees is
V needed. Even tho the best possible storage construction is used,
`eep bm some means for heating should be provided. For the "cool"
an moe. vegetables, turnips, beets, carrots, cabbage and potatoes, the best
lil   temperature is between 34 and 38 degrees. The types of storage
illustrated assure a proper temperature, in any winter weather
Ieeolengl t0 which Kentucky is subject.
me Sm) The two classes of vegetables differ also in their humidity re-
,, bulk quirements. The storage for the "warm" vegetables must
“· be dry, whereas that for the "cool" vegetables should be
A"°I‘I moist. Generally, the soil surrounding the storage place sup-
plies sufiicient moisture, but if it is a basement or cellar, without
earth iioor, it is advisable to sprinkle the floor occasionally.
  The storage place for all vegetables should be well venti-
lated. While this is not so important for the "cool" vegetables,
"T except during the first month or 6 weeks of storage, it is impera-
tive for the "warm" vegetables because "sweating" may cause
them to rot. "Sweating" may be prevented by combining
proper heating and ventilation.
Fruits require a temperature and humidity similar to that
for the "cool" vegetables, except that ventilation is more essen-
tial. Fruits absorb odors easily and should not be stored near
msection was prepared by the Department of Horticulture.

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 ;:
Home Storage Structures cmd Equipment 5 ·
turnips, cabbage, or onions. Good ventilation and clean condi-
tions are necessary for the retention of quality. Blueprint plans
of a well—insulated above-ground apple storage house may be
é obtained from the Agricultural Engineering Division of the
tg College of Agriculture.
l
a u.!
    MOUND, BANK, AND BARRELL STORAGE
`p~i“» ;&-ig Mozmzd Storage. This (Fig. 1) is the simplest and least
  _, it expensive method of storing vegetables where no permanent
Ep; facilities are available. Level otf a well—drained place 4 to 6
fg feet in diameter in the garden or other suitable location; dig two
small 6-inch trenches in the bed, crossing each other like an X,
ET to p1·ovide ventilation and emergency drainage; cover these
MZ trenches with stiff woven wire or boards and make a flue of
woven wire leading straight up from the intersection of the
trenches. Cover the earth floor with 4 or 5 inches of straw, hay,
crabgrass or other litter; place the vegetables in a cone-shaped
pile around the flue; cover with 4 o1· 5 inches of litter, and cover
this uniformly with 8 to 10 inches of soil, leaving a little of the
flue exposed. Cover the end of the tlue with a board to keep out
the rain, and leave the ends of the trenches and flue open for
g ventilation until necessary to close them to prevent freezing of
8 the vegetables. Ditch around the mound to carry off surface
E water.
Lg? lt is better to make several small mounds, l ft. to 6 ft. i11
gg diameter than one large mound, because it is best to remove the
.   entire contents when the mound is opened. It is almost impos-
) Q § Siltle to make a mound water-tiglit after it has once been opened
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ii

 Home Storage Structures and Equipment 11 r
adjustable slide for regulating the air circulation. At times it
may be advisable to let the door stand open.
§ Masonry Cellar, Pole Roof. On many Kentucky farms
gg lumber is scarce but stone is plentiful, and in these places the
Egg masonry-walled cellar illustrated in Fig. 6 may be used. The
§$E stones should be laid in 1 :3 portland cement mortar, nlling the
$56 joints thoroly to make the wall strong and water-tight. Poles
MQ! ma be used for roof rafters, su orted at the center b a 10-in.
-'Iul•. y
glgo girder as shown. The girder should rest on the stone walls at
5' 2,; each end of the cellar and on an 8-in. post in the center. In lay-
§ °*"’ iu the roof oles care should be taken to allow room for the two
{BEE ’
Egg . roof vents. The roof covering may be finished with branches or
Q  slabs, straw, and earth placed as described for the pole and
¤ board cellar.
Is.!
uz
¤.
BILL OF MATERIAL For 10 ft. x 12 ft. Masonry Cellar, Pole Roof.
Jaw 70 bd. ft. of 1" boards l4’ long Door and ventilators
 
. 2 'lél Z0 bd. ft. ot11" boards S' long Roof of passageway
 L I 40 bd. ft. ol 2”x6" boards, S' long Door casing
‘ [g 20—·l2’—- G" butt diameter poles Roof rafters
i Om 1—— '7’— S" butt diameter poles Column
 _   2$;4l14’§l0"fb21étt dimpugterlpoles giirder f
U_ . . .o ga. a ga v. iron {oof o passageway
» U 15 cu. yds. of stone
— -3 30 sacks of cement—30O lbs. lime—3 cu. yds. sand Mortar
ID
  I § W %"x2" Strip Door stop strip
5 IU,. 500 SQ. in. %," Hardware cloth Door, ventilators and drain
il Wt 24 Sfl. ft. Building paper Door
 F gi, 1%; DY`- G" Gzrlv. T hinges Door
.; UQ te lb. 4d Common nails Framing
fiZ5~\ 3 it lb· Gd Common nails I*`l’ll.l]lll]§J,`
G. ll ,0 ° 3 ll>S· 10d Common nails Framing
EEII .• 2 lbii- 20d Common nails 1•`raming
·”     1%   Sgtlv. roonng nails 1’as:; `
li lb. Gd Common nails Framing
5 lbs. 10d (`omnion nails Frnminp:
5 lbs. 20d (`ommon nails Framing
12 ft. \Vire or cord Ventilator control
1 Door lock or latch set
Fig. 8 shows a cross—section of a concrete storage cellar I
which is equally well adapted to level and hillside locations, and
is here illustrated with the tloor below ground level. In corr ‘
strueting this cellar the S»in. by 16-in. footings and 6-in. walls
should be poured Hrst and allowed to cure for a week before thc

 a .
Home Storage Structures and Equipmevzt 13
rs running ‘ top slab is poured. All concrete should be kept moist for at least
. intervals 10 days after placing in order that it may cure properly and
members. reach its maximum strength, instead of merely drying out. The
1 place lc suggestions for ventilation and entrance are the same as for the
g` the com- masonry cellar, except the concrete steps. The roof vents could
of cement be made ermanent b using two S" sewer tile in lace of the
D
orkability. wooden shafts illustrated, or one 12—in. metal ventilator might
ir a cellar be placed in the center of the cellar.
ilet anda
ged dom, BILL OF MATERIAL For 10 ft. x 12 ft. Concrete Storage Cellar.
· 100bd. ft. of 1" boards 14' long Doors at l v ntil.t
HCC' The 40 bd. ft. of 2"xG" boards S' long Door eaginge 1 Oils
me he ‘2t“;‘3:s£‘,£$2;;€2t .1 .... I
gu fgythg 11/cu. yds. of gravel or crushed rock
90’ of tg" square reinforcing bar
>()()l· gtthg 325’ of M" concrete reinforcing bar
20* %":~:2" Strip Door stop strip
[YU) regu- 500 sq. in. lei" Hardware cloth Door ventilator and drain
“ 24 sq. ft. Building paper _ Door
4% prs. G" Galvanized T hinges Doors
11 lb. of ed Common nails
)C COV0l'U¤i 15 lb. of Gd Common nails
5lbs. of 10d Common nails
CS. ailbs. of 20d Common nails
12 ft. \\'ire or cord Ventilator control
1 Door lock or latch set
rete Roof.
_S BASEMENT STORAGE ROOM
Suggestions are shown in Fig. 9 for the construction of a 10
1
ft. x 12 ft. storatre room in the basement of a house. The room
U
may be built in a corner so that the basement walls serve as two
ofthe sides. At least one window, preferably two, should be
included. The partition walls may be built of two layers of
and mln Tlsllt sheathing, with building paper between, nailed to each side
of 2 in. by 4 in. studding. The door should be of double thick-
ness, with paper between.
Whether the basement floor be concrete or dirt, a slat floor
should be used to su iort barrels boxes ctc. in order to Jermit
Q 7 7 7
A circulation of air beneath them. VVall shelves may be pro-
ge cellar vided for canned goods and for crates and boxes.
;ions,a11tl Practical methods of providing air inlets and outlets are
In corr · illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11. A wooden ventilating chute re-
-in. walls placing one pane of a basement window serves as an effective
lefore the an- inlet if provided with a damper as shown. If there are two

 en uc 2: n { n ' ar .
14 K t k E te s 0 Ozrcul N 0 266
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 Home Storage Structures and Equipment 15
windows in the storage room, a hinged door may be used in place
of an upper pane in the second window to serve as an air outlet,
or it may be placed in the same sash with the inlet if necessary.
PRECAUTIONS AGAINST A WET cEI.LAR
Methods of preventing a wet cellar are illustrated in Figs.
12, 13, and 14. In excavating for a basement, a trench should
be cut back into the earth walls far enough to permit the laying
of a line of 4-in. drain tile all around the foundation footing, as
shown in Figs. 12 and 13. If the basement floor is concrete it
should be laid to slope toward a floor drain which may be con-
nected to the tile line around the footing.
In order to keep water away from the foundation wall it is
very important that the rain water from the roof be conducted
away from the house. The downspout should be connected to a
sewer-tile drain, with cemented joints, leading to a convenient
outlet. Earth should also be piled up slightly around the house
so that surface drainage will be away from it. If the founda-
tion wall is made of stone, concrete block, tile, or other masonry
units, they should be laid in 1:3 Portland cement mortar, and
all joints should be thoroly iilled. For a concrete foundation
wall, not more than 5 gallons of mixing water should be added
for each sack of cement used, and the sand and stone should be
proportioned to give the best workability.
, Difficulty is often experienced in making a water-tight joint
H between a concrete basement floor and the foundation wall.
I, This can be avoided by using the construction method illustrated
  V in Fig. 14. \Vhen the floor is being poured, wedge in 3 well-oiled
L g thicknesses of beveled siding all around the inside of the founda-
  tion Wall as shown. When the floor has hardened, remove the
Pieces of siding, taking out the center wedge first, and fill the
space with hot tar. This prevents seepage of water from beneath
the iioor.
Inside treatment of a leaky basement usually is ineffective
and is likely to be a waste of time, materials and money. To
make a permanent repair, dig down outside the foundation wall

 `
16 I(a2zIfncky Extension O’[7'G’lll(1,7` N0. 266
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{QL -..*5 -I I.;,-M-». ¤.—q.Q, ·_I .·v_w,·I>,,.. 4, V-’v·i·}"$¤‘.I‘¥§ N lc
L5 U   Dj-? 5,.°.;1·g?;q·¤.\_;‘»‘¤.§ §_°v;¤·?;:_V a_q'.j,_.¤·°.<1.`;_q4§_$°§II`I¤‘~‘.1§»<¥¤i·`·‘.Ié".§"¤”f’fi* -°.<$·Y’;YZI·TI·.I·.é;? 4,"—`_ STORAGE EQUIPMENT
-¤I— . . .
§& Buxhcl Crate. Bushel crates, like that shown in Fig. 15,
EL; are much more satisfactory as storage containers than barrels,
gif boxes, and baskets, for free circulation of air around the fruit
@3 I or vegetables.