xt74mw28bc2n https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt74mw28bc2n/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1939 journals kaes_circulars_222_02 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 222 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 222 1939 2014 true xt74mw28bc2n section xt74mw28bc2n  
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1
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Extenswn Division
THOMAS P. COOPER, Dean and Director
l Lexington, Ky.
March. 1939
V Published in connection with the agricultural extension work carried on by co—opera—
tion. oi the College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, with the U. S. Department of
Mriculture, and distributed in furtherance of the work provided for in the Acts of Con-
gress of May 8 and June 30, 1914.
II _ I

 REQUIREMENTS
The
1. Members n111st be e11rolled by March 15. ‘ [each l]
2. Each lIlC]1ll)Cl` must do his or l1er own work on the project. l2jbl€S‘
l11s gan
  Each member must keep a complete record ol expenses, rc- jmsevc;
i ceipts a11d dates of l`l2ll`\'(3Sllllg and make a su111n1ary of expenses and nnmhc,
receipts to complete tl1e project record. [ju, Gm
#1, Each I]1€l]ll)Cl` will attend meetings ol tl1e club group \\'llUIl- lmcms
ever possible. $0 do li
dental
5. Whe1·e there is opporttinity lor Qill exhibit, each garden pm- Or Olhf
ject member should make a planned eflort to take part. again
6. The ro`ect closes November l. The record will be turned
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i11 to the local leader for approval.
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Reprinted, Apm, 1941 garde

 Circular N0. 222
(Revised)
GARDEN PROJECT FOR 4-H CLUBS
By JOHN S. GARDNER
PURPOSES OF THE PROJECT
The purposes of the 4-H garden project are several. One is to
teach the club member the best and latest ways of raising vege-
tables. Another is to teach him orderliness as a result of his making
his garden record complete and correct. Another is to teach him
· perseverance in carrying thru and doing well what he starts. Still
I another is to teach him the value of cooperation, as taking over
the care of part of the family garden, to make him partner with his
_ parents. Another is to teach him business principles, to have him
so do his work as to, show a profit from the undertaking, the inci-
dental money he makes being his to spend, preferably on his clothes
" or other needs his parents would otherwise have to provide; thus,
again, he becomes his parents’ partner.
d THE NATURE OF THE PROJECT
_ A "Garden project" may mean several things, but usually it is a
separate garden containing a variety of vegetables, managed by the
club member. The produce that results may be sold, preferably to
the parents of the member, not necessarily for cash, but as "credit"
towards the shoes and other things they customarily provide him.
The project garden may be part of the family garden, certain
crops being the member’s to grow, or he may share in the conduct
of the whole garden. Altho no cash, as such, may result from a pro-
ject of this kind, the record can be kept to show "credit," as above.
The garden project may be the management of a planting of
one or several vegetables, which thus are provided in quantities
adequate for sale.
Another form the garden project may take is that of a joint
gardening-canning enterprise with groups of girls and boys partici-
3

 =l [€r(’Il[lI('h'j)‘ Extension Cirrn/m` No. 222
pating. In this case, there should be 1101 too great a number ol
varieties of vegetables. v__
THE SIZE OF THE PROJECT  
The size ol` the project should be governed by the age ol` the I
member, but even lor a beginner, 10 years old, il` a general garden `
is chosen, it should not be smaller than 20 feet by 40 feet (see sug- I
gestive plan of garden number l) and should not contain fewer .
than 6 vegetables. Members carrying the project for a second year I F
should have a larger garden, 40 feet square, for example (see plan · 1*-
ol` garden number 2) containing not fewer than 10 vegetables. .-\ I S
small number ol` vegetables is suggested, so that there may he ` ,_
enough ol` each to he really helpful. rather than merely samples ol I  
a larger variety.   Q
4
GARDEN N0. 1 (20’x40’) _ U
` n.
I_,__;T____._._.__.__, _.__._._._.____j I (
- _ tm: --------—--»——-———---- EARLY Mus·rAt2t> —-——-—-———----————-——- —— ---— I · ;
I hg-F -------»--------—---— EARLY T<:»MAw·c¤:s————— —-——--------—- --- ----» . I {
‘ 8 E a 1 ‘ é
I 2 gz;.-~ ---- 5EAr~ls (Ar>12.1s> FOLLOWED av LATETURNIPS-—--I I
I §§ -6 ------———--——————— — -———-—-- ONIONS ---—---—— — -—-- — -—--— — --—~———-——--—— · I
` I 5 E In ---- --—-— ········· EARLY CABBAG-E ·····························    
_ ,_   ------ -EARl.Y Le;·r·rucz --—-—--—-——-——— EARLY l2A1>¤sHr:s ——-·- I _
I Q O -> -------------------—-—--—-——- Eszxsrss (MAY 1) —--—-—-—-—--—-—--—- - ———-- _ I_
' 5 u `R I
I E §;l -----------——----—------ EARLY T:»MAT0E$ --——----—-----—-—-—   F
I nj;--— ---———--———---»--—— —EA:2LY Mus·rAt2t>- --—-———--————————-——· ·--I UW
_ \......_.. ..1..;.t..... -·-—--·-——-—-——--——--———·--—-—·———
The seed and plant list for Carden No. 1 follows:
2 doz. tomato plants (1 pkt. seed). 2 rows, 40 ft. long, or 80 ft.
2 dozjearly cabbage plants (1 pkt. seedl. 1 row, 40 ft. long.
1% lbs. beans. 2 rows, 40 ft. long, or 80 ft.
lé oz. mustard. 2 rows, 40 ft. long, or 80 ft.
1 qt. onion sets. 1 row, 40 ft. long.
1 pkt. lettuce. lé row, 40 ft. or 20 ft.
1 pkt. radish. li row, 40 hft. or 20 ft. (m_I
  oz. turnip. l row, 40 tt. long: *‘_
orc

 Garden Project for 4-H Clubs 5
GARDEN N0. 2 t40*x40’)
li vt l
········ ···· ···· ····· ··E.Ar2LY POTATOEs·————-———- ——--————  
xy .
· E- ········ · ··········· EARLY P0·rA·rc>:5 —·--—-——— — ————~----- I
I ;;; ····· · ··········· · ··········-· Omcrws ------———·——————-—--—-—--—  
_ I; ;; ----- BEANS (ARR.!5) rc>LLowE1> BY Totamps (Aust)--
I _ uqé ··-··· · ········-····· EARLY MUSTARD -————-—-—-—--—-—— —- ----—-  
_ { EQ; —-—-- BEANSCMAY t) FOLLOWED BY KALE (Aegis)-·,
I Z5 -------·-------------—-—-·- —- Oisuows ---- — ———-—---—-——— —-— -·-·--—· I
_ 3 Q ---— -— -—---·--------------·--- T0MA·roas ——~--——-——-—-———— — -—-·--- —--_
.. v; A I
5 g ——-—----- EARLY CAe>¤AGE rottowzn bY KALE (SEPTTI)···v
. 3 Q 0
< I --—-—--——--------—------—--—— T c>MA·r0t;s —--———-——·-—---·—-—----—·-··
I la ; ———-—--- EA RLY CAt>¤A&t: rottowzo BY KAi.at5:m>·-l
. I li ~> ·
I t. <¤ ;;, --—------———------- — -——- ·ToM,¤:rot=.s --—- - --------—-——----—--—-----
. S .8;; --—·-—-—----—--——-—--- EARLY l"lU5TARD‘ ---------·— — --·- - ---· ··
I § E- --—-----—-----------··- EARLY E>c;ET5 --·--····-·················· l
I *0 ----———----- EARLY CARRoTs -------- Swiss Cr—tARt>· ······· I
to
I QI ---· -5:ANs (l"lAYl5l FOLLOWED bY KALr;·;Ir(I
tween matur- feet iect D
I rows ity row 0I` (I
E ..-.--,,11ML-,.. WMMI  
I I
I I I feet I days I I
lteans (1 ’ole) I Kentucky Wonder I May 15 to I 3 75 8 ozs. I 4 bn.
I Julyl r
lleans (I—lu:sh) I Stringless Greenpod I Apr. 15 lo; 3 70 1]/Qlb. 4 bn.
July 20 I
Beans (Lima) Henderson Bush l\Iay 1 I 3 75 1 lb. 4 bu. lllC
Beets Crosby Egyptian April 1 2 60 1% oz. I 1% bn. I00$
Cabbage (E.) I Wakefield March 15 3 I 100 60 plts. 90 lbs. bak'
` I
Carrots I Chantenay I April 1 2 I 100 1 oz. llrégbll. Ihc
l`elery   Golden Selhblanching April 15 3 I 170 150 plts. 150 stalks labl
Chard (Swiss) I liueullns April 1 2 I 60 1% oz. II bn. I
Kale I Siberian March I5 2 40 ] oz. 2 Illl. IIIIII
I . I
Mustarrl I Southern Curlctl I March 15 2 40 1 oz. | 2 bn. BLS]
I I
Lettuce I Grand llapids I March 15 I 1% I 40 1 nz. I 23 bn. but
I ~ I `
Unions   Yellow (sets) I March 1%; 60 2ro_Icl¤l` Us
high proportion of nitrogen which helps leaf growth and thus fa- €¥l“$€
vors the growing of cabbage, onions, greens and other leaf crops. On
the other hand, this nitrogen makes tomatoes, potatoes and radishes
grow to top and produce light yields because these crops need phos- rl
phorus to develop. There are no exact rules for fertilizing a garden, the {
but here are suggestions.   A
lf fresh manure can be had, spread a good one-horse load   nu V.
ton) over a space 40 feet by 40 feet and plow it under. Then, when (,;,1-(
the seed bed is being Hnished, broadcast l5 pounds of 20 percent discl
E superphosphate and work it i11 a few inches deep, where most of lm P
the vegetable roots lie.
If older manure is to be used, or if only straw can be had, plow `
it. under, as above, but instead of the superphosphate, use 25 pounds ’_
of complete fertilizer, 3-8-6, Ll-8-8 or 5-10-5. The figures on a fertilix- Of Sl
er sack stand for the percentages of the 3 plant foods. For example. Ol} l
"5-8-6" means 3 percent of nitrogen, 8 percent of phosphoric acid Of $‘
and 6 percent of potash. Ul *0 I
For example, there are two general classes of insects; those that
weaken plants by draining the sap, and those that consume the
leaves. Leaf consumption is serious, for the leaves of a plant are Nompois
its digestive apparatus. or 1%
Insect Control
Close watch should be kept for the first sign of injury. If it con-
sists of holes in the leaves, the insect is a chewing one and all that  
l i~; needed is to put the control material where it feeds. Magngsjl
i On cabbage, mustard. turnips or kale, for the CABBAGE Hydratec
VVORM, use dust No. l or spray No. l, page I3. ..—
On beans, for the MEXICAN BEETLE, several ways for control ·l iigi
are suggested. The best is a dust or spray containing poison, as
Dust No. 2 or Spray No. 2, but either must NEVER be used after
pods have begun forming. After that time, Dust No. l, or Spray No.
l should always be used. A very important part of successful control
S of Mexican bean beetle is to begin in time; one dare not wait until
the bean leaves are riddled. The right time for the first dusting or
spraying is when the first few "hard-shell" adults are seen, so as to . Sess
, kill the first young hatched from the eggs they lay. Ten days later llllllaml
a second application should be made, to catch larvae that hatch lll Old
_ last. Sometimes, a third application is needed, l0 days after the llllxllllf
second. ‘lll*ll’ ll
On potatoes, the COLORADO BEETLE is a common pest, but llllctl H
easily controlled by applying Dust No. 2 or Spray No. 2, page l3. llll€l» al
These contain poison, but it does not go thru the vines to the pota· folllml
toes, as some persons suppose. llllxlllll
This takes care of the chewing insects that may injure the vege- L In 5 ,
table listed, but sometimes the sticking insects, notably the plant in af
lice, are troublesome. Regardless of the crop on which lice are about
found, the remedy is to use Dust No. l, or Spray No. l, or Spray N0- 2' Elglghl
3, page I3, but the sprays must be so applied that the lice themselves close
are hit. Killing should result in less than 30 minutes; if not, repeat. (ll 4*

 Garden Projecl for 4-H Clubs 13
.-\nother sucking insect is the I-IARLEQUIN CABBAGE BUG,
the n1any—colored 3-cornered bug that attacks cabbage, kale, mus-
tard and sometimes turnips. When young, this insect is soft bodied
and can be controlled with the remedy suggested for plant lice.
,»\fter the insects reach their hard—shell adult stage, no way remains
but to pick them off by hand and destroy them.
Dusts and Sprays
Dust N0. 1 Spray N0. 1
Non-poisonous; for all insects. % % Non-poisonous; for all insects
or 1% Rotenone dust* Rotenone spray, made from extract;
directions on the bottle
Dust N0. 2 Spray No. 2
Contains poison; for all chewing Contains poison; for all chewing
insects insects
Magnesium aI·S€nat€s*_1 pound Magnesium arsenate**—1 rounded
_ . tablespoonful
Hydtated l1me—6 pounds Wat€l__1 gallon
* Best purchase ready mixed.
** NOT Magnesium arsenate mixture; pure magnesium arsenate.
Spray N0. 3
Tobacco extract and water; directions on
the container, or made at home from to-
bacco steeped in water.
Disease Control
A Several diseases affect vegetable crops. The septoria leafspot of
tomatoes is a common and frequently injurious disease, especially
in old gardens. It may be controlled by spraying with Bordeaux
mixture just after the plants are set, again 2 weeks later, and a third
spray in two weeks. This spray is also benencial to potatoes if ap-
plied Hrst when the plants are 3 to 6 inches tall, again two weeks
later, and a third spray two weeks later. These sprays also serve to
control the black flea beetle present early in the season. Bordeaux
mixture is prepared as follows:
1. In 5 quarts of water, dissolve 1 pound of bluestone (blue vitriol). Hung
in a sack high in the water, bluestone will dissolve with no stirring, in
about 1 hour.
2. Into the tank of a 3-gallon sprayer, pour 9 quarts of water, add 1 quart
of the dissolved bluestone and a handful (4 ounces) of hydrated lime,
close the Sp1`8.y€‘l`, shake endwise, 10 to 15 times. The result is 2% gallons
of 4-4-50 Bordeaux. xx

 I4 K('71.[7I(.`k;\7 Ex/mrsirm Cirrizlar No. 222
Bordeaux should be used immediately after it is made. When .
done spraying the sprayer tank should be washed thoroly with elem- xm C,
warcr, for bluestone corrodes galvanized metal. A brass tank is an exhib
better. To be effective, the Bordeaux must cover both sides of the wgcmbk
leaves. .-\ sprayer must be used. They
A disease troublesome to cabbage is Black Rot. The veins ol They
leaves become blackened, the blackening extending into the stall; They
and penetrating into the head. The outer leaves turn yellow and Tho`,
fall. Good heads are seldom formed in an infected planting lint m.CmS_’
they are small and one-sided. There is no control for this trouble IE SEV
once it appears in the plant bed or field but preventives are to treat all slum]
the seed, from which plants are to be raised, in hot water for 25
minutes at 122 degrees Fahrenheit, remove to cold water, then dry
and sow in soil which has not previously grown cabbage. Avoid prom
, setting the plants in land where this trouble has previously occurred. miler U
Another disease which affects cabbage is known as yellows, be- and han
cause of yellowing and dropping of the leaves and finally death of A Sepaya
the whole plant as head forming should begin. A similar disease forms. I
known as fusarium wilt affects tomatoes causing discoloration of lmm;l](
the veins of the stalk, yellowing and wilting of the leaves and finally
death of the plant. This usually occurs when the first fruits are
about half size. The use of resistant varieties is the only means of
preventing these diseases in gardens where they are known to occur. Kind Of l
Name of
HARVESTING AND MARKETING i Length C
The men who are in gardening as a business have long learned W
` that they must please their customers. They have learned, too, that . ——
the vegetables they sell best are those that require most care to gY0W» ..................
and which many home gardeners do not even attempt to produce.
That is to say, generally, "specialties" return most profit. Besidés iiiii   iiii i '`''
they observe these rules: ··········--·-  
Offer only the best produce for sale. ‘‘‘‘······ · ··-····
Be sure that it is fresh and clean. ...,,______ _ ____,_
Handle it carefully, so it is not blemished.
Always grade carefully and put it up in an iliill i ''-''``'`` `
attractive manner. ,,_,___,_ _ _,______
Be neat in personal appearance.

 (inwlen Project for 4-H Clulzs 15
SELECTING SHOW VEGETABLES
i-\n excellent way to bring the year’s work to a close is to make
mi exhibit of the garden`s products at the county fair. In selecting
regetables to he shown, the following points should he kept in mind:
They should not be too large; the best size for the table is right.
They should not be too old; they should be right to serve for food.
They should he perfect; no insect holes, no disease spots.
They should have been handled carefully, so there are no bruises
or cuts.
IE several of the same vegetable are shown together, as in "plates,"
gill should be of the same size and type,
l RECORDS
l From the beginning of the season, keep records of seed and fer-
· tilizer costs, insect and disease control materials, and horse work
· and hand labor for breaking, planting, cultivation and harvesting.
l A separate record for each vegetable is to be kept, in the following
2 forms. If these are not enough paste in additional sheets. Get prices
l {rom a local grocer.
 
e RECORD OF VEGETABLE
If
L Kind of vegetable .................................................................,..........................................,.....
Name of variety .........................,...................................................,...........,......,....................
Length of row ........................ Date of planting ..........................................,.................
 
tl Date gathered Amount Cash value
it  ——;—— ?—·—·*‘j_‘ "_"*"—‘
Vt -··i.................. . ......................... . ...........................................,... . .....·.....................-.·.·-······-···-»--
e.

 16 I{¢·11L11cky Exlmisinn Cirmzlur No. 222
RECORD OF VEGETABLE
Kind of vegetable.. ................,.,...........................................A......,..............................,.......__, Kind of v
Name of variety ............,............................................................,.......................................... Name of
Length of row ........................ Date of planting .......................................,................,_, Length 0
   ;
Date gathered ` Amount \ Cash value Date
................................................   ...................,......,.............,......, . .................................._, _ _,____   .,...4.............
2 .... ........ .. .........i.............,..........  ...... ........ . ........ . ............».......... · ........................   .,,,_,______   ·-·· · ··············
  l
l
.,..,,,..,...................................... Q ................,.....,.......,.,.....,....,..., \ ............................................4... · ·----·-··»· · ----·-
RECORD OF VEGETABLE
Kind of vegetable ....................................................................,.,.,..............................,........., Kind Of ‘
Name of variety ..........................................................................................................,,........ A Nam Of
` Length of row .................l...... Date of planting ..........................,............................,.... Lfllzjh <
Date gathered   Amount   Cash value Dam

 D Garden, 1’m]`ccL for 4-H Clubs 17
Rncoxn OF VEGETABL12
Kind 0f vegetable .................................................................................,...........,.........,......... A
Name of variety .........................................................................,..........................,...............,
Length of row ....A................... Date of planting ....................................................