xt75mk654h62 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt75mk654h62/data/mets.xml Kentucky. 1849  books b92-162-29919667 English A.G. Hodges, : [Frankfort, Ky. : Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Constitution. Constitution, or, Form of government for the state of Kentucky. text Constitution, or, Form of government for the state of Kentucky. 1849 2002 true xt75mk654h62 section xt75mk654h62 





















THE CONSTITUTION



                        OR [FOR' OF GOVERNMENT FOR THR




        STATE OF KENTUCKY.







   WE, the Representatives of the People of the State of Kentucky in Conven-
tion assembled, to secure to all the citizens thereof, the enjoyment of the right
of life, liberty and property, and of pursuing happiness, do ordain and establish
this Constitution for its government:

                                 ARTICLE I.
          Cancerning the distribution of the ,owers of the Government.
  SEcTION 1. The powers of Government of the State of Kentucky shall be di-
vided into three distinct departments, and each of them be confined to a separate
body of Magistracy, to-wit: Those which are Legislative ts one; those which
are Executive to another; and those which are Judiciary to another.
  SECTION 2. No person, or collection of persons, being of one of those depart-
ments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the others; ex-
cept in the instances hereinafter expressly directed or permitted.

   The first Constitution of the State of Kentucky was adopted and ratified in Con-
vention at Danville, on the 19th day of April, 1792; and provided that the Government
of the Commonwealth of Kentucky should commence on the first day of June of the
same year. The Constitution will be found in I Littell's Laws of Kentucky, page 21
to 38.
  By the sixth section of the eighth article, it was provided, that all laws then in force,
in the State of Virginia, not inconsistent with the Constitution, and of a general nature,
and not local to the eastern part of Virginia, should be in force here, until altered or
repealed by the Legislature.
  By the eleventh article, it was provided that, at the General Election for Representa-
tives in 1797, the sense of the People should also be taken upon the propriety of calling
a Convention, and that if the result was in favor of a Convention, similar proceedings
should be had in 1798, and that if the result was again in favor of a Convention, the
General Assembly should, at their next ensuing session, pass an act for calling a Con-
vention to revise the Constitution. The result of the vote in each of the years of 1797
and 1798, being in favor of a Convention, the Legislature, on the 18th of December,
1798, passed the necessary law for calling the Convention. For the act, see 2 Littell's
Laws of Kentucky, 2 1.
  The Convention accordingly met at Frankfort, and adopted the present Constitution
of Kentucky, on the 17th day of August, 1799.
1. G. floSses  ca.. Pra.



 














                                ARTICLE 11.
                    Concerning the Legislative Department.
  SECTioN 1. The Legislative power of this Commonwealth shall be vested in
two distinct branches: the one to be styled the House of Representatives, the
other the Senate; and both together, the General Assembly of the Commonwealth
of Kentucky.
  SECTION 2. The members of the House of Representatives shall continue in
service for the term of one year from the day of the commencement of the
general election, and no longer.
  SECTION 3. Representatives shall be chosen on the first Monday in the month
of August in every year; but the presiding officers of the several elections shall
continue the same for three days, at the request of any one of the candidates.
  SECTION 4. No person shall be a representative, who, at the time of his elec-
tion, is not a citizen of the United States, and hath not attained the age of twenty
four years, and resided in this State two years next preceding his election, and
the last year thereof in the county or town for which he may be chosen.
  SECTION 5. Elections for representatives for the several couiities entitled to
representation, shall be held at the places of holding their respective courts, or in
the several election precincts into which the legislature may think proper, from
time to time, to divide any or all of those counties: Provided, That when it shall
appear to the legislature that any town hath a number of qualified voters equal
to the ratio then fixed, such town shall be invested with the privilege of a sepa-
rate representation; which shall be retained so long as such town shall contain a
number of qualified voters equal to the ratio which may, from time to time, be
fixed by law; and thereafter, elections for the county in which such town is
situated, shall not be held therein.
  SECTION 6. Representation shall be equal and uniform in this Commonwealth;
and shall be forever regulated and ascertained by the number of qualified electors
therein. In the year eighteen hundred and three, and every fourth year there.
after, an enumeration of all the free male inhabitants of the State, above twenty
one years of age, shall be made in such manner as shall be directed by law.
The number of representatives shall, in the several years of making these enu-
merations, be so fixed as not to be less than fifty eight nor more than one hundred,
and they shall be appointed for the four years next following, as near as may
be, among the several counties and towns in proportion to the number of qualified
electors; but when a county may not have a sufficient number of qualified elec-
tors to entitle it to one representative, and when the adjacent county or counties
may not have a residuum or residuums, which, when added to the small county,
would entitle it to a separate representation, it shall then be in the power of the
legislature to join two or more together, for the purpose of sending a representa-
tive: Provided, That when there are two or more counties adjoining, which have
residuums over and above the ratio then fixed by law, if said residuums when
added together will amount to such ratio, in that case, one representative shall be
added to that county having the largest residuum.
  SECTION 7. The House of Representatives shall choose its speaker and other
officers.
  SECTION 8. In all elections for representatives, every free male citizen (ne-
groes, mulattoes and Indians excepted,) who, at the time being, hath attained to
the age of twenty one years, and resided in the State two years, or the county or
town, in which he offers to vote, one year next preceding the election, shall enjoy
the right of an elector; but no person shall be entitled to vate except in the

 











                                      3

county or town in which he may actually reside at the time of the election,
except as is herein otherwise provided. Electors shall, in all cases, except treason,
felony, breach or surety of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their at-
tendance at, going to, and returning from, elections.
  SECTION 9. The members of the Senate shall be chosen for the term of four
years; and when assembled, shall have the power to choose its officers annually.
  SECTION 10. At the first session of the General Assembly, after the Constitu-
tion takes effect. the Senators shall be divided by lot, as equally as may be, into
foujr classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the
expiration of the first year; of the second class, at the expiration of the second
year; of the third class, at the expiration of the third year; and of the fourth
class, at the expiration of the fourth year; so that one fourth shall be chosen
every year, and a rotation thereby kept up perpetually.
  SECTION 11. The Senate shall consist of twenty four members at least, and for
every three members above fifty eight which shall be added to the House of
Representatives, one member shall be added to the Senate.
  SECTION 12. The same nUmber of Senatorial districts shall, from time to time,
be established by the legislature, as there may then be Senators allotted to the
State; which shall be so formed as to contain, as near as may be, an equal number
of free male inhabitants in each, above the age of twenty one years, and so that
no county shall be divided, or form more than one district; and where two or
more counties compose a district, they shall be adjoining.
  SECTION 13. When an additional Senator may be added to the Senate, he shall
be annexed, by lot, to one of the four classes, so as to keep them as nearly equal
in number as possible.
  SECTION 14. One Senator for each district shall be elected by those qualified
to vote for Representatives therein, who shall give their votes at the several
places in the counties or towns where elections are by law directed to be held.
  SECTION 15. Nit person shall be a Senator, who, at the time of his election, is
not a citizen of the United States, and who hath not attained to the age of thirty
five years, and resided in this State six years next preceding his election, and the
last year thereof in the district for which he may be chosen.
  SECTION 16. The first election for Senators shall be general throughout the
State, and at the same time that the general election for Representatives is held;
and thereafter, there shall, in like manner, be an annual election for Senators to
fill the places of those whose time of service may have expired.
  SECTION 17. The General Assembly shall convene on the first Monday in the
month of November in every year, unless a different day be appointed by law;
and their sessions shall be held at the seat of government.
  SECTION 18. Not less than a majority of the members of each house of the
General Assembly shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller num-
ber may adjourn from day to day, and shall be authorized by law to compel the
attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties as may
be prescribed thereby.
  SECTION 19. Each house of the General Assembly shall judge of the qualifica-
tions, elections and returns of its members; but a contested election shall be de-
termined in such manner as shall be directed by law.
  SECTION 20. Each house of the General Assembly may determine the rules of
its proceedings; punish a member for disorderly behavior; and, with the concur-
rence of two-thirds, expel a member, but not a second timc for the same cause.



 












  SECTION 21. Each house of the General Assembly shall keep and publish
weeklv, a journal of its proceedings; and the yeas and nays of the members, on
any question, shall, at the desire of any two of them, be entered on their journal.
  SECTIoN 22. Neither house, during the session of the General Assembly, shall,
without the consent or the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any
other place thani that in which they mDay be sitting.
  SECTION 23. TIhe members of the General Assembly shall severally receive,
from the public treasury, a compensation for their services, which shall be one
dollar adl a half a day, during their attendance on, going to, and returning from
the sessions of their respective hoIuses: Provided, Chat the same may be in-
crfased or diminished by law; but no alteration shall take effect during the ses-
stit at which such alteration shall be mrade.
  SECTION 24. The members of the General Assemibly shall, in all cases except
treason, f'lony, l,reach or surety of the peace, be privileged front arrest, during
their attendance at the sessions of their respective houses. and in going to and
returning fromn the same; and for tiny speech or debate, itt either house, they
shall ntt(, be questioned in any other place.
  SECTION 25. No Senator or Representative shall, during the term for which
he was elected, nor for one year thereafter, he appointed or elected to any civil
office of profit under this Commonwealth, which shall have been created, or the
emoluments of which shall have been increased, during the tine such Senator or
Representative was in office, except to such offices or appointments as may be
made or filled by the elections of the people.
  SECTION 26. No person, while he continues to exercise the functions of a cler-
gyman, priest, or teacher of any religious persuasion, society or sect, nor whilst
he holds or exercises any office of profit under this Commonwealth, shall be
eligible to the General Assembly, except attorneys at law, justices of the peace,
and militia officers: Provided, That justices of the courts of quarter sessions
shall be ineligible, so long as any compensation may be allowed them for their
scrvices: Prnrided, also, That attorneys for the Commonwealth, who receive a
fixed annual salary from the public treasury, shall be ineligible.
   SECTION 27. No person, who at any time may have been a collector or taxes
 for the State, or the assistant or deputy of such collector, shall be eligible to the
 General Assembly, until he shall have obtained a quietus for the amount of such
 collection, and for all public moneys for which he may be responsible.
   SECTION 28. No bill shall have the force of a law, until on three several days,
 it be read over in each house of the General Assembly, and free discussion al-
 lowed thereon; unless in cases of urgency, four-fifths of the house where the
 bill shall be depending, may deem it expedient to dispense with this rule.
   SECTION 29. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Rep-
 resentatives; but the Senate may propose amendments as in other bills: Provided,
 That they shall not introduce any new matter, under the color of an amendment,
 which does not relate to raising a revenue.
   SECTION 30. The General Assembly shall regulate, by law, by whom and in
 what manner writs of elections shall be issued to fill the vacancies which may
 happen in either branch thereof.

                                 ARTICLE III.
                      Concerning the Executive Department.
   SEcTIoN 1. The supreme executive power of the Commonwealth shall be vested
 in a chief magistrate, who shall be styled the Governor of the Commonwealth of
 Kentucky.

 











                                      5

  SECTtON 2. The Governor shall be elected f r the term of four Years, by the
citizens entitled to suffrage, at the time and places where they shall respectively
vote for representatives. The person having the highest number of votes shall
be Governor: but if two or more shall be equal and highest in votes, the election
shall be determined by lot, in such manner as the Legislature may direct.
  SECTION 3. The Governor shall be ineligible for the succeeding seven years
after the expiration of the time for which he shall have been elected.
  SECTION 4. Ife shall be at least thirty five years of age, and a citizen of the
United States, and have been an inhabitant of this State at least six years next
preceding his election.
  SECTION 5. IHe shall contmence the execution of his office on the fourth Tues-
day succeeding the day of the commencement of the general election on which
he shall be chosen. and shall continue in the execution thereof until the end of
four weeks next succeeding the election of his successor, and until his successor
shall have taken the oaths or affirinations prescribed by this Constitution.
  SECTION 6. No member or Congress, or person holding any office under the
United States, nor minister of any religious society, shall be eligible to the office
of Governor.
  SECTION 7. The Governor shall, at stated times, receive for his services a
compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the term
for which he shall have been elected.
  SECTION 8. Ile shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of this
Commonwealth, and cf the militia thereof, except when they shall be called into
the service of the United States; but he shall not command personally in the
field, unless he shall be advised so to do, by a resolution of the General Assem-
bly.
  SECTION 9. He shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate, appoint all officers, whose offices are established by this Constitution, or
shall be established by law, and whose appointments arc not herein otherwise
provided for: Prorided, That no person shall be so appointed to an office within
any county, who shall not have been a citizen and inhabitant therein one year
next before his appointment, if the county shall have been so long erected; but
if it shall not have been so long erected, then within the limits of the county or
counties from which it shall have been taken: Protided, also, That the county
courts shall be authorized by law to appoint inspectors, collectors, anid their depu-
ties, surveyors of the highways, constables, jailers, and such other inferior offi-
cers, whose jurisdiction may be confined within the limits of a county.
  SECTION 10. The Governor shall have power to fill up vacancies that may
happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions, which shall
expire at the end of their next session.
  SECTION 1 1. He shall have power to remit fines and forfeitures, grant reprieves
and pardons, except in cases of impeachment. In cases of treason, he shall have
power to grant reprieves until the end of the next session of the General Assem-
bly, in which the power of pardoning shall be vested.
  SECTION 12. He may require information, in writing, from the officers in the
executive department, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective
offices.
  SECTION 13. lIe shall, from time to time, give to the General Assembly inform-
ation of the state of the Commonwealth, and recommend to their consideration
such measures as he shall deem expedient.
  SEcTION 14. He may, on extraordinary occasions, convene the General Assem-
bly, at the seat of government, or at a different place, if that should have become,

 











                                     8

since their last adjournment, dangerous, from an enemy, or from contagious dis-
orders; and in case or disagreement between the two houses, with respect to the
time of adjournment, adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper, not ex-
ceeding four months.
  SECTION 15. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed.
  SECTION 16. A Lieutenant Governor shall be chosen at every election for a
Governor, in the same manner, continue in office for the same time, possess the
same qualifications.  In voting for Governor and Lieutenant Governor, the
electors shall distinguish whom they vote for as Governor, and whom as Lieu-
tenant Governor.
  SECTION 17. He shall, by virtue of his office, he Speaker of the Senate; have
a right, when in committee of the whole, to debate and vote on all subjects; and
when the Senate are equally divided, to give the casting vote.
  SECTION l8. In case of the impeachment of the Governor, his removal from of-
fice, death, refusal to qualify, resignation, or absence from the State, the Lieu-
tenant Governor shall exercise all the power and authority appertaining to the
office of Governor, until another be duly qualified, or the Governor absent or im-
peached shall return or be acquitted.
  SECTION 19. Whenever the Government shall be administered by the Lieuten-
ant Governor, or he shall be unable to attend as Speaker of the Senate, the Sen-
ators shall elect one of their own members as Speaker for that occasion. And if,
during the vacancy of the office of Governor, the Lieutenant Governor shall be
impeached, removed from office, refuse to qualify, resign, die, or be absent from
the State, the Speaker of the Senate shall, in like manner. administer the Gov-
ernment.
  SECTION 20. The Lieutenant Governor, while he acts as Speaker to the Senate,
shall receive for his services the same compensation which shall, for the same
period, be allowed to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and no more;
and during the time he administers the Government, as Governor, shall receive
the same compensation which the Governor would have received and been enti-
tled to, had he been employed in the duties of his office.
  SECTION 21. The Speaker pro lempore of the Senate, during the time he ad-
ministers the Government, shall receive, in like manner, the same compensation
which the Governor would have received had he been employed in the duties of
his office.
  SECTIoN 22. If the Lieutenant Governor shall be called upon to administer
the Government, and shall, while in such administration, resign, die, or be absent
from the State, during the recess of the General Assembly, it shall bethe duty of
the Secretary for the timebeing, to convene the Senate for the purpose of choos-
ing a Speaker.
  SECTION 23. An Attorney General, and such other attorneys for the Common-
wealth as may be necessary, shall be appointed, whose duty shall be regulated
by law. Attorneys for the Commonwealth, for the several counties, shall be ap-
pointed by the respective courts having jurisdiction therein.
   SECTION 24. A Secretary shall be appointed and commissioned during the
term for which the Governor shall have been elected, if he shall so long behave
himself well. He shall keep a fair register, and attest all the officials acts and
proceedings of the Governor; and shall, when required, lay the same, and all pa-
pers, minutes and vouchers relative thereto, before either House of the General
Assembly; and shall perform such other duties as may be enjoined him by law.
   SECTION 25. Every bill which shall have passed both houses, shall be present-
 ed to the Governor. If he approve he shall sign it; but if not he shall return



 












it, with his objections, to the house in which it shall have originated, who shall
enter the objections at large upon their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If,
after such reconsideration, a majority of all the members elected to that house,
shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent with the objections to the other house,
by which it shall likewise be considered, and if approved by a majority of all
the members elected to that house, it shall be a law; but in such cases, the votes
of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the per-
sons voting for and against the bill, shall be entered on the journal of each
house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor, within
ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, it shall
be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the General Assembly, by
their adjournment, prevent its return; in which case it shall be a law, unless
sent back within three days after their next meeting.
  SFCTION 26. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of
both houses may be necessary, except on a question of adjournment, shall be
presented to the Governor, and before it shall take effect, be approved by him;
or, being disapproved, shall be re-passed by a majority of all the members elect-
ed to both houses, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in case of a bill.
  SECTION 27. Contested elections for a Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall
be determined by a committee, to be selected from both houses of the General
Assembly, and formed and regulated in such manner as shall be directed by law.
  SECTION 28. The freemen of this Commonwealth (negroes, mulatoes and In-
dians excepted) shall be armed and disciplined for its defence. Those who con-
scientiously scruple to bear arms, shall not be compelled to do so, but shall pay
an equivalent for personal service.
  SECTION 29. The commanding officers of the respective regiments shall ap-
point the regimental staff; brigadier generals, their brigade majors; major gen-
erals, their aids; and captains, the non-commissioned officers of companies.
  SECTION 30. A majority of the field officers and captains in each regiment shall
nominate the commissioned officers in each company, who shall be commissioned
by the Governor: Proveded, That no nomination shall be made, unless two at
least of the field officers are present; and when two or more persons have an
equal, and the highest number of votes, the field officer present who may be high-
est in commission shall decide the nomination.
  SECTION 31. Sheriffs shall be hereafter appointed in the following manner:
When the time of a sheriff for ally county may be about to expire, the county
court for the same (a majority of all its justices being present) shall in the
months of September, Octqber or November next preceding thereto, recom-
mend to the Governor two proper persons to fill the office, who are then justices
or the county court ; and who shall, in such recommendation, pay a just regard
to seniority in office and a regular rotation. One of the persons so recommend-
ed shall be commissioned by the Governor, and shall hold his office for two years,
if he so long behave well, and until a successor be duly qualified. If the county
court shall omit, in the months aforesaid, to make such a recommendation, the
Governor shall then nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate, appoint a fit person to fill such office.

                                ARTICLE IV.
                     Concerning the Judicial Department.
  SECTION 1. The judicial power of this Commonwealth, both as to matters of law
and equity, shall be vested in one supreme court, which shall be styled the Court
of Appeals. and in such inferior courte as the General Assembly may, from time
to time, erect and establish.

 










                                      8

  SECTION 2. The Court of Appeals, except in cases otherwise directed by this
constitution, shall have appellate jurisdiction only, which shall be co-extensive
with the State, under such restrictions and regulations, not repugnant to this con-
stitution, as Imay, from time to time, be prescribed by law.
  SECTION 3. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold
their offices during good behavior; but for any reasonable cause, which shall
not be sufficient ground of impeachment, tIhe Governor shall remove any of
them, on the address of two thirds of each house of the General Assembly: Pro-
vided. hlwerer. That the cause or causes for which such removal may be re-
quired shall be stated at length in such address, and on the journal of each
house. They shall, at stated times, receive for their servic' s. an adequate com-
pensation, to be fixed by law.
  SECTIoN 4. The judges shall, by virtue of their office, be conservators of the
peace throughout the State. The style of all process shall be, "The Common-
wealth of Kentucky." All prosecutions shall be carried on in the name and by
the authority of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. and conclude, against the peace
and dignity of the same.
  SEcTion 5. There shall be established in each county now, or which may
hereafter be, erected within this Commonwealth a county court.
  SECTION 6. A competent number of justices of the peace shall be appointed in
each county; they shall be commissioned during good behavior, but may be re-
moved on conviction of misbehavior in office, or of any infamous crime, or on
the address of two-thirds of each house of the General Assembly: Provided,
howeeer, That the cause or causes for which such removal may be required,
shall be stated at length in such address, and on the journlm of each house.
  SECTION 7. The ilumber of the justices of the peace to which the several coun-
ties in this Commonwealth now established, or which may hereafter be estab-
lished, ought to be entitled to, shall from time to time, be regulated by law.
  SECTION 8. W henl a surveyor, or coroner, or a justice of the peace shall be
needed in ally county, the county court for the sanme, a majority of all its justi-
ces concurring therein, shall recommend to the Governor two proper persons to
fill the office; one of whom he shall appoint thereto: Provided, howeever, That
if the counti court shall, for twelve months, omit to make such recommendation,
after being requested by tIme Governor to recomniend proper persons, he shall
then nominate, and bv and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint a
fit person to fill such office.
  SECTION 9. WIhen a new county shall be erected, a competent number of jus-
tices of the peace, a sheriff. amid coroner, therefor, shall be recommended to
the Governor, by a majority of all the members of' the House of Representatives
from the senatorial district or districts in which the county is situated; and if
either of the persons thus recommended shall be rejected by the Governor or tile
Senate, another person shall immediately be recommended as aforesaid.
  SECTION 10. Each court shall appoint its own clerk, who shall hold his office
during good be havior; but no person shall be appointed clerk, only pro temipore
who shall not produce to the court appointing hini, a certificate from a majority
of the judges of thi- Court of Appeals, that he hath bc bn examined by their clerk
in their presetce, and under their direction, and that they judge hirm to be well
qualified to execute the office of clerk, to any court of the sam)"e dignity, with
that for which lie olltrs himself. 'Ilhey shall be removeable for breach of good
behavior by the Court of Appeals only, who shall be judges of the fact, as well
asof the law. Two thirds of the members present mustconcur in the sentence.
  SECTION I 1. All commissions shall be in the name and by the authority of
the State of Kentucky, and sealed with the State seal, and signed by the Governor.



 













   SECTION 12. The State Treasurer, and Printer, or Printers for the Common-
wealth, shall be appointed annually by the joint vote of both houses of thae
General Assembly: Prerided, That, during the recess of the same, the Gover-
nor shall have power to fill vacancies which may hapr)en in either of the said
offices.

                                 ARTICLE V.
                           Concerning Impeachmnents.
  SECTION 1. The House of Representatives shall have the sole power of im-
peaching.
  SECTION 2. All impeachments shall be tried by the Senate; when sitting for
that purpose, the Senators shall be upon oath or affirmation. No person shall
be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.
  SECTION 3. The Governor and all civil officers shall be liable to impeachment
for any nmisdenieauior in office  but judgment, in such cases, shall not extend
further than to removal from office, amd disqualification to hold any office of
honor, trust or profit under this Commonwealth; but the party convicted shall
nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial and punishment according
to law.

                                ARTICLE VI.
                             General Prorisioss.
  SECTION 1. Members of the General Assembly, and all officers, executive and
judicial, before they enter upon the execution of their respective offices, shall
take the following oath or affirmation : "I do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the
case may be.) that I will be faithful and true to the Commonwealth of Kentucky,
so long as I continue a citizen thereof, and that I will faithfully execute, to the
best of my abilities, the office of -according to law."
  SECTioN 2. Treason against the Commonwealth shall consist only in levying
war against it, or in adhering to its elnemnies, giving them aid and comfort. No
person shall be convicted of treason, tinless on the testimony of two witnesses to
the same overt act, or his owIn confession in open court.
  SECTION 3. Every person shall be disqualified from serving as a Governor,
Lieutenant Governor, Senaltor or Representative, for the term for which he shall
have been elected. who shall be convicted of having given or offered any bribe
or treat to procure his election.
  SECTION 4. Laws shall be made to exclude froin office acd froni suffrage, those
who shall thereafter be convicted of bribery, perjury, forgery. or other high
crimes or inisdemimeanors. The privilege of free suffrage shall be supported by
laws regulating electiotis, and prohibiting, under adequate penalties. all unduit
indluelce thereon from liower, bribery, tumult, or other improper practices.
  SECTION 5. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but itl pursuance of
appropriationis made by latw. nor shall aiiy appropriations of money tor the sup.
port o aill army, be niade for a longer tine than one year; acud a regular state-
Inent and account of the receipts an