xt75qf8jdq8c https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt75qf8jdq8c/data/mets.xml Youatt, William, 1776-1847. 1850  books b98-42-41901273 English Derby and Miller, : [New York] : Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Horses. Horses Diseases.Spooner, W. C. (William Charles), 1809-1885. Randall, Henry Stephens, 1811-1876. Youatt on the structure and the diseases of the horse  : with their remedies ; also, practical rules to buyers, breeders, breakers, smiths, etc., being the most important parts of the English ed. of "Youatt on the horse", somewhat simplified /brought down to 1849 by W.C. Spooner ; to which is prefixed, an account of the breeds in the United States, compiled by Henry S. Randall. With numerous illustrations. text Youatt on the structure and the diseases of the horse  : with their remedies ; also, practical rules to buyers, breeders, breakers, smiths, etc., being the most important parts of the English ed. of "Youatt on the horse", somewhat simplified /brought down to 1849 by W.C. Spooner ; to which is prefixed, an account of the breeds in the United States, compiled by Henry S. Randall. With numerous illustrations. 1850 2002 true xt75qf8jdq8c section xt75qf8jdq8c 







2i

 






























S  NPTER K1A5aH  .
Se       E'stt.-I Qttrl' a lrwl irt' 4 i

tow c'ae& toy S IF li5ta;he Cut

 


       YOUATT

            ON

THE STRUCTURE,

           AND TEI



DISEASES OF THE HORSE,



WITH THEIR



RE ME DIES;



ALSO,



PRhCTICAL RULES TO BUYERS, BREEDERS, BREAKERS, SMITH, &

  BEING THE MOST IUPORrANT PARTS OF THE ENGLISH EDITION
     OF " YOUATT ON T1UE HORSE," SOMEWHAT SIMPLIFIED.


            BRGJGRT DOW1T TO 1849.
      BY W. C. SPOONER, M.R.C.V.S.
          AVTHOR OF SEVERAL VETERI-ARUNr WORKS.


             TO WHICH IS PREFIXED,
   AN ACCOUNT OF THE BREEDS IN THE UNITED STATES,
                COMPILED BY
          HENRY S. RANDALL.



WfUJ Numerous CUustrattoau.



       AUBURN:
DERBY AND MILLER.
         1850.

 























Eatred according to Act of Congress, in the year 1850, by

              VERBY & MILLER,

In the Clerk's Offce for the Southern District of New York.



STXUZOTYrZD BY THOMAS B. IXITI,
   218 WILLIAM OTREST, MV. T.

 






               INTRODUCTORY.




  THE universal popularity and pre-eminence in the pub-
lic favor, both in this country and England, of Mr.
Youatt's work on the Horse, is well known. It has had a
far wider circulation in the United States than any other
veterinary work, and but for one or two circumstances,
it is believed, had prevented it from attaining a still
vastly wider circulation,-from becoming the common
hand-book of nearly every farmer in the land who breeds
or owns horses, who is willing to read anything on a sub-
ject in which he .is so much interested.
  The first of these circumstances is the size of Mr.
Youatt's entire work. This renders it too expensive for
general circulation. And it is too minute and voluminous
in its details for ordinary readers. This elaborateness, so
far from ai(ling, confuses the common reader; the precise
facts which he seeks-the symptoms and remedies of dis-
eases, &c.,-are too often so scattered through the glow.
ing amplifications of the accomplished author, that it is
difficult to clearly distinguish, collect, and apply them.
And many are repelled not only from the work itself, but
from reading the author's discussion of a disease, a point
in breeding, or the like, from impatience of its mere
length. In a work of this kind, more perhaps than any-
where else. applies the often quoted remark of Dr.
Johnson: "Books that you may carry to the fire, and
hold reading in your hand, are most usef-ul after all.
A man will often look at them, and be tempted to go on,
whyen he would haire been frightened at books of a larger
size, and of a more erudite appearance."

 

INTRODUCTORY.



  The following abridgment is intended to obviate the
above objections. While it is believed, that every thought
or fact in the original, of any importance to the general
reader, is preserved entire, much that tended to swell un-
necessarily the limits of the work for such a reader, has
been omitted. The omissions have been merely anec-
dotes, historical narrations, accounts of particular cases,
and, in some instances, the less necessary parts of those
long anatomical descriptions which could be understood
only by the surgeon. The symptoms and remedies of dis-
eases all that tends to the full understanding of the
horse and his ailments, is given entire, and almost invari-
ably in the precise language of Mr. Youatt. The aim
of this work has not been to re-write Youatt,-but simply
to strike out what is superfluous in him.
  The second circumstance prejudicial to a wide, popular
circulation of Mr. Youatt's work, has been, according to
the common phrase, the "learnedness of its language."
Tlhe work, as again and again avowed in it; was not so
much written to instruct the horse-owner or breeder, as
the veterinary surgeon-at least in relation to important
diseases, operations, &c. Mr. Youatt is therefore often
at little pains to make himself intelligible to uninstructed
readers.  His language is always learned-frequently
highly technical. So far as it could be conveniently and
properly done, an attempt has been made in the following
pages, to translate his language into that better adapted
to ordinary comprehension. A common word is often
substituted for the more learned one of Mr. Youatt, or an
explanatory one put after it in brackets. The former is
all the liberty taken in this way with the text,-and
this is only done where the meaning could be accurately
preserved.
  But every thinking man will readily see from the very
nature of the subject, that the improvement to be made
on the text in the above particulars is limited. When
speaking of anatomical details, diseases, particular pro-
cesses, &c.,no language is fixed and definite but that of
science. And it frequently obviates the necessity of very
tedious and often repeated circumlocution. Take for ex-
ample the word "auscultation," which signifies distin-



is

 


INTRODUCTORY.



guishing disease by observing the sounds in the part, by
means of the ear, with or without a tube, applied to the
surface. Is it necessary to repeat all this every time this
process is adverted to  Clearly not. The word " Thorax"
signifies the cavity of the body above or forward of the
diaphragm or midriff,-the word " Abdomen" the cavity
of the body below or behind the diaphragm. Can any
common words any of the terms of vulgar quackery-
be given which will definitely express the above ideas,
and which can be any way more easily remembered than
these  There cannot. In all such cases, therefore, no
change of language is attempted. And Webster's Dic.
tionary will help the reader out of every difficulty of this
kind.
  We have here a remark to submit to all readers, and
especially the young reader, in relation to the PROPER
MANNER OF READING YOUArr-where the aim is to fully
understand him, or the subject which he treats. This
never can be done by dipping into the book here and
there, in search of information now on one topic, and now
on another, as the occasion seems to demand it. The
work should be read consecutively and carefully from be-
ginning to end. If this is done, and the reader fixes in
his mind anatomical names and details, as he advances,
he will have no difficulty in fully understanding every
part, and he will be infinitely better prepared to form a
correct judgment in any case where he is called upon to
make a practical application of his knowledge. The
horse-owner who takes this course will find Youatt's
work an invaluable advantage to him-worth a thousand
of the common empirical recipe books on farriery. The
one who does not, will find it, or any other work, of little
avail.
  W. C. Spooner, Esq., one of the most distinguished
veterinary writers and practitioners of England, wrote, in
1849, a Supplement to Mr. Youatt's work, designed to
"advance it to the present state of veterinary science."
All that is of any importance in this supplement-in fact,
most of Mr. Spooner's additional remarks entire, have
been added to the present work in the convenient form
of notes. Several of them will be found valuable. And



V

 

INTRODUCTORY.



we conceive this gives the work a decided advantage over
any previous American edition.
  We are enabled to point with much pleasure to the il-
lustrations in our volume. They are much more com-
plete in execution than those of any other similar Amer-
ican publications, and are decidedly superior to those of
the late English editions of Youatt. They are fully
equal to the original English cuts.
  The present abridgment has been carefully prepared by
a distinguished and well-known American agriculturist,
whose writings have been extensively read throughout the
United States, for years. The preliminary chapter in re-
lation to the breeds now in the United States, was com-
piled by Henry S. Randall, Esq., it being thought that
this would be much more valuable to the American
reader, than Mr. Youatt's first chapter. We believe that
the author has been fortunate in the execution of his task,
and we present the work to the public in the confident
belief that we are rendering a valuable service to an im-
portant department of American Agriculture.
                                    THE PUBLISHERS.
   Auburn, September, 1850



hi

 









                  CONTENTS.

                         -. . .-


           INTRODUCTION BY THE PUBLISHER&


                       CHAPTER I.
                                                         rASS
BauEDS OF HOMSES IN THE UNITED STATES ......      ..................  17
   The English Race Horse .................................... 17
   The Arabian ..............................................  S
   The Canadian ............................................. 29
   The Norman .............................................. 29
   The Morgan .    ..............................................  8
   The Cleveland Bay ............    ............................  38
   The Dray .    ...............................................  39
   The Trotting Horse ........................................ 40



                       CHAPTER II.

Txz ZOOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF TEE HORSE .....     ............... 44
   The Sensorial Function ..................................... 46


                      CHAPTER     III.

LDqumM  AND DISEASES OF TEE SKULL-TUE BLADN-ruS EA         "D-AND
       THE EYES ............................................. 68
    Fracture ................................................. 68
    Exostosis ...............................................     68
    Caries ................................................... 68
    Compression of the Brain ................................... 69
    Pressure on the Brain ...................................... C9
    Megrims ................................................. 69
    Apoplexy ................................................ 70
    Phrenitis ................................................. 74
    Rabies, or Madness ........................................ 76
    Tetanus, or Locked Jaw .................................... -, 9
    Cramp .................................................. 82
    Stringhalt ................................................ f.83
    Chorea .................................................. 83
    Fits, or Epilepsy .......................................... 84

 



vini                       CONTENTS.
                                                              PAtIE
    Palsy....................................................            84
    Rheumatism                                                 85
    Neurotomy.                                                 86
    Insanity   ...9.............................................         90
    Diseases of the Eye .91
    Common Inflammation of the Eye...........................            93
    Specific Oplhthalmia, or Moon-Blindness .......................      94
    Gutta Serena .97
    Diseases of the Ear........................................          98
    Deafness  ...............................................  98


                        CHAPTER IV.

TZE ANATOMY AND DISEASES OF THE -NOSE AND MOUTH .............            99
    Nasal Polypus............................................ 104
    Nasal Gleet, or Discharge from the Nose................            104
    Ozena....                                                 105
    Glanders.     ................................................ 107
    Farcy..................     .       .    .    .     .     114
    The Lips .117
    The Bones of the Mouth................................... 118
    The Palate .118
    Lampas............     ,     ,     ,     .       ........ 119
    The Lower Jaw.                                            120
    Diseases of the Teeth .130
    The Tongue.......                                         131
    Diseases of the Tongue.. 132
    The Salivary Glands.. 132
    Strangles.1..      ...                        ........... 113
    The Pharynx........                                       135


                         CHAPTER V.

TSW  AqATOMY AN.D DrsEAsEs OF THE NECK AND NEIgHBOHING PAwTs 136
    Poll-Evil.......                                          136
    The Muscles and proper form of the Neck ..................... 138
    The Blood-Vessels of the Neck .140
    The Veins of the Neck ...................................           140
    Inflammation of the Vein................................... 141
    The Palate .................142
    The Larynx .......       ,..,......,..,,.142
    The Trachea or Windpipe......................,.     ,,  . 143
    Tracheotomy..        ..............    ..........   ....  143
    The Bronchial Tubes ....................,,,,,,,..... 144



                        CHAPTER VI.
Tim   C  sT................................................... 145
    The Spine and Back..                                      149
    The Loins...............................     .......... 150

 



                         CONTENTS.                        RX
                                                         rA-a
   The Withers............... ..           ..      .. 150
   Fistulous Withers .151
   Warbles, Sitfasts, and Saddle Galls .,      151
   Chest-Founder.                                       152


                      CHAPTER VII.

THE CON:TENTS OF THE CHEST .153
   The ThYmus Gland .153
   The Diaphragm.                                       153
   Rupture of the Diaphragm.                            154
   The Pleura.                                          154
   The Lungs......                                      155
   The Heart.                                           155
   Diseases of the Heart.                               156
   The Arteries .158
   The Pulse.................                           158
   Inflaimation. .160
   Fever .163
   The Veins .164
   Bog and Blood Spavin .164
   Bleeding.................                            166


                      CHAPTER VIII.

THE MEMBRANE OF THE NOSE.                                169
   Catarrh, or Cold .169
   Inflammation of the Larynx .170
   Inflammation of the Trachea .172
   Roaring. .172
   Bro1chocele .174
   Epidemic Catarrh.                                    175
   The Malignant Epidemic. .181
   Bronchitis .184
   Pneumonia-Inflammation of the Lnngs.        186
   Chronic Cough .193
   Thick Wind .194
   Broken Wind.                                          1'6
   Phthisis Pulmonalis, or Consumption .199
   Pleurisy....                                         200


                      CHAPTER IX.

TaB ABDOMEN AND ITS CONTENTS .206
   The Stomach .206
   Bot .208
   The Intestines .210
   The Liver .213
   The Pancreas .213
   The Spleen .213
   The Omentum .213

 


S                           CONTENTS.


                          CHAPTER X.
                                                                PAGx
THE DISEASES OF THE INTESTINES ................................ 215
    The Duodenum .........................................     215
    Spasmodic Colic .........................................  215
    Flatulent Colic .......................................    218
    Inflammation of the Bowels ................................. 220
    Enteritis .........................................         220
    Physickin .     ......................................... 224
    Calculi, or Stones, in the Inte.tines ........................... 226
    Introsusception of the Intestines ............................. 226
    Entanglement of the Bowels ................................ 226
    Worms .........................................             227
    Hernia, or Rupture ........................................ 227
    Diseases of the Liver ....................................... 228
    Jaundice .........................................          229
    The Kidneys .........................................       230
    Inflammation of the Kidneys ................................2 31
    Diabetes, or Profuse Stalin .................................. 233
    Bloody Urine-Hwematuria .................................. 233
    Albuminous  Urine .........................................  234
    The Bladder ..........................................     234
    Inflammation of the Bladder ................................2 34
    Stone in the Bladder ....................................... 235



                          CHAPTER XI.

BREEDING, CASTRATION, &C ....................................... 237
    Castration .........................................        244



                         CHAPTER XII.

THE FORE LEGS .......................................           247
    Sprain of the Shoulder ..................................... 246
    Slanting direction of the Shoulder ............................ 247
    The Humerus, or Lower Bone of the Shoulder ................. 252
    The Arm .........................................           252
    The Knee .........................................          253
    Broken Knees.........                                       254
    The Leg.........                                            256
    Splint......                                                256
    Sprain of the Back-Sinews               ....                258
    Wind-Galls..........                                        261
    The Pasterns........                                        263
    Injuries to the Suspensory Ligament .......................... 265
    The Fetlock...................                              265
    Grogginess...................                               265
    Cutting...................                                  266
    Sprain of the Coffin-Joint ................... 268
    RiDgbone .....2,......,,,.. 268

 


                           CONT INT.                           Xi


                       CHAPTER XIII.
                                                              WAGE
rFg HISD LEGS ............. 271
   The Hauneh ...................... 271
   The Thiglh ......,,,,,,,,,,,..,,,..................... 27  
   The Stifle ......,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 27
   Thorough-Pin...............           ....... 271
   The Hock ...............                  ..... 27.
   EnhLargement of the Hock.,                                279
   Curb ......... 28(!
   Bog Spavin......... ...                                   281
   Bone Spavin.2 ..........,,,,,................... 283
   Capped Hock ........2.,,,,,,........               ,       ,....;.  8
   Mallenders and Sallenders..                                286
   Swelled Legs.........    ,     ,     ,    .       ........ 287
   Grease .......... 288


                        CHAPTER XIV.

TJM FOOT ............. 293
    The Crust or Wall of the Hoof ............................  294
    The Coronary Ring ......      ...................... 296
    The Bars............................                      296
    The Horny Laniial............................            2197
    The Sole ............................ 297
    The Fro ............................. 298
    The Coffin-Bone.............................              299
    The Sensible Sole .............................0 30
    The Sensible Frog.............................            sot
    The Navicular Bone .........      ................... Soo
    The Cartilages of the Foot ............................     301


                        CHAPTER XV.

THE DISEASES OF THE FOOT .................................        302
    Inflammation of the Foot, or Acute Founder ................... 3u12
    Chronic Founder.................................           3o3
    Pumiced Feet.................................              303
    Contraction..................................              .07
    The Navicular-Joint Disease ......311..... ........        Sit
    Sand-Crack ............................ 317
    Tread and Over-reach ...........     ................. 319
    False Quarter ............................., 320
    Quittor............................                       321
    Prick or Wound in the Sole or Crust ......................... . 324
    Corns........................       ,.,                   326
    Thrush........................,,,,,,.,                     328
    Canker.........................,.,,.,,.,.,                 330
    Ossification of the Cartilages .,. 331
    Weakness of the Foot..                                     331

 


xiU                         CONTENTS.


                        CHAPTER XVI.

FxAcrunza....................................                  333


                       CHAPTER      XVII.

ON SHOEION'G .................................................... 343
    The putting on the Shoe ....................................3. i45
    Calkins......................................              346
    Clips .........        ............................. 346
    The hinder Shoe ....................................... 347
    Different kinds of Shoes .................................... 347
    The Concave-seated Shoe ...............................    348
    The Unilateral, or one side nailed Shoe .......................3. 49
    The Hunting Shoe ...............................          351I
    The Bar Shoe.........                                      352
    Tips.........                                              3.52
    The Expanding Shoe ................................... 353
    Felt or Leather Soles ..................................   353
    Stopping the Feet ..................................       355
    The Sandal .........       ......................... 556
    To Manage a Fallen Horse .................................. 358


                       CHAPTER XVIII.

OPERATIONS ...................................................3. 59
    Bleeding ........................................361
    Blistering ........................................ 362
    Firing.......................................              364
    Setons ................................................... 366
    Docking           .......................................  367
    Nicking ....     ................................... 368


                       CHAPTER XIX.

Tnz VICES AND DISAGREEABLE OR DANGEROUs HABITS OF TJ= HOnSE 370
    Restiveness...................................             370
    Backing or Gibbing ...................................     370
    Biting                      ...... 372
    Getting the Cheek of the Bit into the Mouth ........... .......... 372
    Kickin g............................ ................... 373
    Unsteadiness while being Mounted ........................... 374
    Rearing             ....................... 374
    Running Aw-ay...........................                   376
    Vicious to Clean...........................                376
    Vicious to Shoe......                              ....... 376
    Swallowing without Grinding.                               377
    Crib-Biting ........................... 378

 






                         CONTENTS.                        Xiii
                                                          PAnE
    Wind-Suckin .379
    Cutting.3 9
    Not Lying Dowvn.                                       3S
    Overreach.
    Pawing .SO
    Quiddin .381
    Rolling . ...  .........................................  381
    Shying .81
    Slipping the Collar .383
    Tripping.                                              384
    weaving. .384


                       CHAPTER XX.

THE GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF THE HORSE .385
    Air .385
    Litter .387
    Light.                                                 38
    Grooming                                               389
    Exercise .391
    Food .392


                      CHAPTER XXI.

THE SKIN AND ITS DISEASES..                               405
    Hide-bound..                                           407
    Pores of the Skin..                                    409
    Moulting.                           .                  410
    Color..                                               411
    Surfeit..                                              415
    Mange..                                                41 6
    Warts..                                                419
    Vermin..                                               419


                     CHAPTER XXII.

ON SOUNDNESS, AND THE PURCHASE AND SALE OF HORSES .420


                     CHAPTER XXIII.



A LIST OF THE MEDICINES USED IN THE TazAT zXr OF THE DIzEASES OF
THE HORSE........                                        435

 This page in the original text is blank.

 















LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.



PORTRAIT OF CONSTERNATION,



FRONTIspil



PORTRAIT OF FLYING CHILDERS, .  .
PORTRAIT OF LOUIS PHILIPPE (NORMAN), .  .
PORTRAIT OF GENERAL GIFFORD (MORGAN),
PORTRAIT OF LADY SUFFOLK (TROTTER),.  .
FIG. 1. SKELETON OF THE HORSE,  .
     2. BONES OF THE HORSE'S HEAD, .
  " 3. SECTION OF THE HORSE S HEAD, .
     4. DIAGRAM OF THE SKULL, .   .   .
     5. OCCIPITAL BONE OF THE HORSE, .
  "  6. SPINAL CHORD, WITH BRANCHING NERVES,
     7. SECTION OF THE EYE,.    .    .
  " 8. MUSCLES OF THE EYE,    .   .   
     9. HORSE WITH LOCKJAW,.    .    .
  " 10. ANATOMY OF THE LEG AND FOOT,  .
  " 11. SECTION OF UPPER JAW BONE,  .



  12. MUSCLES, NERVES, AND BLOOD-VESSELS 0]
         AND UPPER PART OF NECK,
-s1.  LI- Ir. A I-   .   .   



F THE



--1.1THEKILL.A.L., . . . .   .
" 14. TEETH OF A FOAL A FEW DAYS AFTER BIRTH,
" 15. TEETH OF A FOAL AT TWO MONTHS,
" 16. TEETH OF A FOAL AT TWELVE MONTHS,
" 17. TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A GRINDER,
" 18. TEETH OF A YEAR AND A HALF,
" 19. TEETH OF THREE YEARS,  .
" 20. TEETH AT THREE YEARS AND A H A.
" 21. TEETH AT FIVE YEARS,    .   .
" 22. TEETH AT SIX YEARS,   .   .   .
" 23. TEETH AT SEVEN YEARS,  .   .
" 24. TEETH AT EIGHT OR NINE YEARS,  .
" 25. FINEST SHAPE OF HEAD AND NECK,



  PA93
CE
    18
    30
  35
    41
  45
    47
  49
    53
  54
    57
  62
    66
.  79
    87
. 101



HEAD
      102
     . 118
  .   121
     . 121
       122
     . 123
   .   123
   . 124
   .   126
     . 126
   I 127
     . 128
   .   128
     . 138

 




xvi



FIG. 26.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
" 30.
" 31.
" 32.
" 33.
11 12 f



           LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.


THE RIBS AND VEIITEBRX,
THE STOMACH,       .
THE BOT FLY IN ITS VARIOUS STAGES,
THE INTESTINES,    .
SECTION OF THE BLIND GUT,  .
ENTANGLE31ENT OF THE INTESTINES, .
CURVED AND STRAIGHT CATHETER, .



BONES OF THE LEGS,



" 35. MUSCLES OF OUTSIDE OF THE SHOULDER,
" 36. MUSCLES OF INSIDE OF SHOULDER AND FOREARM,
" 37. SECTION OF TIHE PASTERN, .  .
  38. INSIDE VIEW OF BONES OF PASTERN,
" 39. OUTSIDE VIEW OF BONES OF PASTERN,
  40. ATTACHMENTS OF THE .MUSCLES OF PASTERN,
" 41. DISEASES OF TIE FORE LEG,  .
" 42. INSIDE MUSCLES OF HIND LEG, .
4 43. OUTSIDE MUSCLES OF HIND LEG,
" 44. TIE HAUNCH AND HIND LEGS, .
" 45. THE HOCK JOINT,.    .   .    .
  46. ANATOMY OF THE FOOT,  .
" 47. ANATOMIY OF THE BASE OF THE FOOT,
" 48. THE CORONARY RING,    .    .
" 49. PERCEVALL'S SUSPENSORY APPARATUS,
" 50. THE CONCAVE SEATED SHOE,       .   ,
" 51. THE UNILATERAL SHOE,    .                
" 52. OPERATION FOR CORNS,  .   .
  53. PERCEVALL'S SANDAL, .       .
  54. PERCEVALL'S SANDAL FASTENED TO THE FOOT,



  PAOZ
  145
 206
  208
. 210
  212
. 226
  336
. 247
  243
, 256
  251
. 263
  26-7
, 267
  267



269
273
274
276
278
293
293
296
334
348
350
351
356
357

 








           THE            HOR SE.





                    CHAPTER I.

  PRINCIPAL BREEDS AND VARIETIES OF HORSES IN TUE
                      UNITED STATES.
  TimE horse was not known on any part of the American Conti-
nent, until introduced by Europeans.
  The principal breeds and varieties which now prevail in the
United States, are the common horse, descended from the horses
originally introduced by the English colonists, and mixed, more
or less, with varieties of later introduction: the thorough-bred
or Race-horse; the Arabian; the Canadian; the Norman; the
Morgan; the Cleveland Bay; the Dray; and the American
Trotting-horse.
  The mongrel known as the " common horse," is too various
in blood, and too multiform in his characteristics, to admit of any
particular description.

                     THE RACE-HORSE.
  Mr. Youatt says: " There is much dispute with regard to the
origin of the thorough-5red horse. By some he is traced through
both sire and dam to Eastern parentage; others believe him to
be the native horse, improved and perfected by judicious crossing
with the Barb, the Turk, or the Arabian. The Stud Book,
which is an authority acknowledged by every English breeder,
traces all the old racers to some Eastern origin ; or it traces
them until the pedigree is lost in the uncertainty of an early pe-
riod of breeding. If the pedigree of a racer of the present day
be required, it is traced back to a certain extent, and ends with
a well-known racer; or, if an earlier derivation be required, that
ends with an Eastern horse, or in obscurity.
  It must, on the whole, be allowed, that the present English

 


ma Arm



FLY!NG CHILDZERS.



thorough-bred horse is of foreign extraction, improved and per-
fected by the influence of the climate, and by diligent cultivation.
There are some exceptions, as in the case of Sampson and Bay-
Malton, in each of whom, although the best horses of their day,
there was a cross of vulgar blood ; but they are only exceptions
to a general rule. In our best racing stables, and, particularly
in the studs of the Earls of Grosvenor and Egremont, this is
an acknowledged principle; and it is not, when properly con-
sidered, a principle at all derogatory to the credit of the country.
The British climate, and British skill, made the thorough-bred
horse what he is.
  The beautiful tales of Eastern countries, and somewhat re-
moter days, may lead us to imagine thaf the Arabian horse pos-
sesses marvellous powers; but it cannot admit of a doubt, that
the English trained horse is more beautiful, and far swifter and
stouter than the justly-famed coursers of the desert. In the
burning plains of the East, and the frozen climate of Russia, he
has invariably beaten every antagonist on his native ground. A
few years ago RECRUIT, an English horse of moderate reputation,
easily beat PYRAMUS, the best Arabian on the Bengal side of
India.
  It must not be objected, that the number of Eastern horses in-
ported is far too small to produce so numerous a progeny. It
will be recollected, that the thousands of wild horses on the
plains of South America descended from only two stallions and
four mares, which the early Spanish adventurers left there.



18

 

FLYING CHILDERS.



  Whatever may be the truth as to the origin of the race-horse,
the strictest attention has for the last fifty years been paid to
pedigree. In the descent of almost every modern racer, not the
slightest flaw can be discovered: or when, with the splendid ex-
ception of Sampson and iBay-Malton, one drop of common blood
has mingled w-ith the pure stream, it has been immediately de-
tected in the inferiority of form, and deficiency of bottom, and
it has required two or three generations to wipe away the stain,
and get rid of its consequences.
  The racer is generally dis