xt766t0gtt6q https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt766t0gtt6q/data/mets.xml Crandall, A. R. (Albert Rogers), 1840-1926. 1890 books b97-21-37318202 English Courier-Journal Job Printing Co.] : [Louisville, Ky. () : Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Coal Geology Kentucky. Coal Kentucky. Timber Kentucky. Log Mountain, Clear Creek region coals and timbers / A.R. Crandall. text Log Mountain, Clear Creek region coals and timbers / A.R. Crandall. 1890 2002 true xt766t0gtt6q section xt766t0gtt6q
Bastern
Kentucky
Coal, Coke
o Timber.
8AIRTED DESCIpj
OF THE
hog M(ountain, GleA r Greek gegion,
( BETWEEN PINEVILLE AND MIODLESBOROUGH.)
IN BELL COUNTY,
KENTUJCRY.
ANALYSES OF THE COALS AND COKES,
WITH DETAILED REPORT 'BY
Prof. A. R. CRANDALL, of Kentucky Geological Survey.
couaRcINJouBRAL'Ja PRINtwQ Co.
3
t - =-------
This page in the original text is blank.
KEN14TUCKY STATE GEOLOGICALI SUtVEY.
hog Aountain, Clear Creek Region
COALS AND TIMBERS.
DETAILED REPORT BY
PROF. A. R. CRANDALL, OF KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
NOVEMBER, 1890.
This page in the original text is blank.
Office o KEN4TUCKGY GEOLOGICIAL SURVEY.
LEXINGTON, Ky., November I, i89o.
MESSRS. HULL, WYMAN & CAIRNS, PINEVILLE, Ky.:
GENTLEMEN: I am permitted by the Director of the Kentucky Geological Survey to make
the following brief statement of the coal and timber resources of that part of the Log Mountain and Clear Creek
region which falls within the boundaries of your 26,ooo acres Log Mountain lands.
In transmitting this special report, permit me to acknowledge the very generous aid extended by you to
the survey in the prosecution of the work necessary for the development of the coals of the region.
Yours truly,
A. R. CRANDALL, of Kentucky Geological Survey.
(3 )
COAXL AND TIMBER RESOURCES OF TH4E bOG MOUNTAIN REGION,
IN BELL COUNTY, KY.
The Log mountains of Bell county south of the Cumberland river and the Pineville Gap, like the Black
mountains of upper Bell and Harlan, present a topography strongly in contrast with the Cumberland and Pine
mountains on either side, by an increased height and the irregular palmate drainage which give to the former
the typical ridge and spur configuration of the horizontal coal-measures generally, while the latter have the
long barrier relief of monoclinal ridges. The drainage of the Log mountains is by creeks and branches which
rise in the main ridge and flow into long valleys, of which these straight barriers form one side. The Yellow
and Little Yellow creeks, and the Big Clear creek arc the northward flowing streams in these valleys. The
resources of the Log mountains are accessible by easy lines of transportation following these valleys, which,
from the nature of the topography to the southward as well as the northward, are also the natural channels for
interchange with East Tennessee and the South. This will be readily seen from a study of the drainage ways
through this mountain region.
It is not within the province of this report to more than trace, in a general way, the distribution of
economic beds. The determination in detail of variations in thickness and character of beds throughout must
be left to organized agencies for their development.
The plan of work in this region contemplated the determination of the thickness and character of the
coal beds at such intervals as seemed essential, by successive openings from base to the summit; giving v'ertical sec-
tions as an exposition of the mineral resources of the region. The localities selected for such sections were:
Near the head of Little Clear creek and near the head of Big Clear creek on Caney creek, Major branch and on
Bear creek. Partial sections were also made on the waters of Stony Fork of Yellow creek. This work was
most efficiently done under the immediate direction of my Assistant, Mr. G. M. Sullivan.
(4)
It should be remembered that the beds thus developed may be found thicker or thinner, or more or less
valuable from special characters, at intermediate points. These local sections may, however, as experience goes,
be regarded as safe indices of what will be found in the practical development, being in fact by all the practical
difficulties of hurriedly making such sections, belwo the actual, by omissions and by inferior qualities near the
outcrop.
The economic beds of this region are those of the coal-measures proper, dependent largely for practical
value on availability and on qualities for special purposes. The question of accessibility has already been con-
sidered. The remaining question under the first head as to thickness, etc., for mining and as to adaptations for
industrial purposes, under the second, may be inferred from the following descriptions:
The accompanying section for Little Clear creek will serve to show in a general way the vertical distribu-
tion of the coal seams of the whole region.
Below this on the Muddy Branch of Big Clear creek, in the Bear creek district, is found the equivalent of
the Birdseye cannel coal of the adjoining cannel district of Whitley county.
aM a __ _
Since printing above, Prof. Crandall has prepared a miuch better and mlore complete general section, showing the coals as
opened on the Big Clear creek side or Bear creel;. See page i8.
(5)
The bed section of this coal shows:
SLATE ROOF.
Coal ...... ..................34 inches.
Cannel Coal ....... .52 inchmes. Coal
Analyses by Dr. Robert Peter, State Chemist, of samples cut from the whole thick
ness represented, as is also the case in all instances given in this report, result as follows:
24" UPPER BENCH. 45" CANNEL COAL
Moisture.... ..... . . . ... . .. I.70 1.00
Volatile combustible matters. . . . . . . . . 32.600 q i.6o 1" Part-
Fixed carbon ........ . . 62.30 40.40 E ' r
Ash .3...................40 70
Sulphur. ..................684 .739
For three hundred feet above the cannel coal, only thin beds of coal have been found
(I8"' to 31"). The horizon of the Jellico coal is included in this portion of the vertical
section, and also the Mehan Station bed, as described in the Whitley county report.
Above the horizon of these beds the coal seams are, for the present, designated by Can1.
local names. In general these beds are equivalents of the coals of the Upper Cumber- Coal
land valley. In the Little Clear creek section, all the workable beds are shown. The
scale is two hundred feet to one inch. The lower coal of this section shows fifteen feet
above the creek under a sandstone ledge, nearly opposite to Polk branch. This is one of
the thin beds already mentioned. It is, at some points, accompanied by one to two feet of
highly bituminous slate. On Caney creek it is more prominent, but so divided by part- M r
ings as to render it unsuitable for profitable mining. Bear Creek.
(6)
It is, however, the equivalent of a workable coal in the Middlesborough region, and may prove to be a
workable seam at some points in this district.
The next bed above of importance has been designated the " Poplar Lick " coal by Mr. Sullivan, from the
place where first opened. The subjoined cut and the result of an analysis by Dr. Peter give the character of
this bed as opened near Mart Head's on Little Clear creek:
Moisture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Volatile combustible matters. . ..... . . . .. . .
Fixed carbon .....................
Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sulphur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.00
34.40
59.40
4.60
.682
At John Evans', one mile up the Little Clear creek, less thickness is shown, the
upper portion being replaced by cannel slate. The two lower benches show thirty-nine
inches of coal, with two inches of clay parting. Result of analysis as follows:
Moisture.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1.20
Volatile combustible matters . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.60
Fixed carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.20
Ash. ..0. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Sulphur ... . .408 j
(7)
,Shale
Coal P "
Cannel C. 3ifl
Shale & Coal 51n
Coal 14"
Clay 2"a
Coal 31"
'oplar Lick Coal, near Mart
Head's, Little Clear creek.
On Bear creek, this bed shows as follows: Result of an analysis of coke made from this coal is added:
. Slate
COAL. COKE.
CoalX I, Moisture . . . . . . . . . .. ... . i.80
Volatile combustible matters .. . ... . 33.00 I1.03
Clayi5 Fixed carbon. . 6o 8o 90.97
Ash. .................5.10o 8.00
Coat 3 Sulphur ..656 .693
The coke from this preliminary test is of a firm columnar structure, having all the ap-
pearances of a first-class furnace and foundry coke. From the analysis it is seen that the
coking process was not fully completed. The analysis was made of coke dried at 212 Fahr.
Poplar Lick Coal,
Bear Creek.
Preliminary coking tests of the coals of this region were made by collecting from the whole thickness of the beds coal
enough to fill common kegs, which, by the courtesy of the Pineville Colliery Company, were placed in ovens at Pineville, along
with the ordinary charge for forty-eight hour coke. These tests were made by Assistant Sullivan, who personally attended to every
detail needful to insure trustworthy results. (Small samples of coke will be mrailed on application to T. Cairns, Secretary Log
Mountain Coal, Coke and Timber Company, Pineville, Ky.)
( 8)
The Poplar Lick coal shows at one point on Major branch with a twenty-inch
clay parting. As opened more satisfactorily near by, the bed shows in two benches of
coal eighteen and thirty-five inches, separated by thirteen inches of clay. It is also
exposed in workable thickness on Hignite creek, which is a part of Yellow creek
drainage.
About one-hundred and twenty-five feet above the Poplar Lick coal, on Little
Clear creek, a large body of coal, somewhat broken by partings, is found. The accom-
panying cut represents this coal.
In the Caney and Bear creek regions this coal appears to be a thin bed, or,
possibly, it is represented by several thin coals, separated by considerable thicknesses
of slaty rock.
Coal. 125 feet aboue Poplar
Lick bed, Little Clear creek.
(9)
Slate The next bed above-the " Lower Hignite" coal-is probably the most important
one in the series, as will be seen from the following descriptive sections, and from analyses
of the coal and coke. Samples for analysis were taken from three openings on Little Clear
creek, made on Polk branch, above W. F. Partin's, and at the roadside, and on Laurel
Coal 47" branch. A fourth opening is represented by the accompanying cut.
Moisture . . . . . .
Volatile combustible matters
Fixed carbon .... ...
Ash . . . . .
Sulphur.
POLK BRANCH.
I. ... ... , 2.20
33-40
.. . . . 6Xi.6o
... . . 2.80
. . . . .6oi
PARTIN'S.
2.30
33-90
60.40
3.40
.629
LAUREL BRANCH.
4.90
29.54
62.36
3.20
.758
Lower Hif gnite Noal, near John
Evans', Little Clear creek.
The bed as opened near John Evans' is represented by the cut.
( 10)
Clay Shale
910,
Coal 5",
Shale
On Caney creek this coal is thirty-eight and one-half inches at the only place where -
opened; this is the minimum in thickness, noted in the whole region.
Moisture.... . 2.40
Volatile combustible matters. 33.90Coal3WI
Fixed carbon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.50
Ash.3... . ... . . 3.20
Sulphur .632 Clay an
Lower Hignite Coal,
Caney creek.
On Bear creek this coal is opened at a number of points. A cut of the bed-section Slate
as shown in Piney spur on the Big Clear creek side and analyses of samples from this
opening and from a 46-inch face shown on Sugar Camp branch are here given:
PINEY SPUR. SUGAR CAMP.
Moisture ........ ...... .... 6.. 2.66 Coal 461
Volatile combustible matters. .... . . . . . 33.40 34.14
Fixed carbon . .61.52 59.70
Ash...... 3.48 3.50
Sulphur ......... ............794 .4
Lower Hignite Coal, Sugar
Camp Br., Bear creek.
( II )
Openings made on Stony Fork near the head and on Hignite creek show forty-five
and forty-six inches. (See cut.) Analyses of both are given.
Coal 46ee
Clay V1
Coal 1"t
Clay ASPo
Cboal 3"-
Lower Hignite Coal, Head
of HIgnite creek.
STONY FORK.
Moisture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 00
Volatile combustible matters. . . . . . . . . . . 31.96
Fixed carbon....... 62.04
Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00
Sulphur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
HI(.NITE CREEK.
3.00
330.40
64.00
2. 6o
.6o
The place of this coal is a little more than half the height the hills above the main
drainage. With all of the beds of this region, it appears to be wholly free from faults and
from any considerable local dips. The general dip appears to be toward the Big Clear
creek valley.
Coking tests were made of coal from the two Bear creek openings. Analyses in the order as above.
PINEY SPUR. iSUGAR CAMP BR.
Volatile combustible matters .... . . . ..43 . 39
Fixed carbon.9 . . .87 92.61
Ash .. .71 7.00
Sulphur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . .637 . 530
( 12 )
The coal for cokiiig was necessarily obtained from near the outcrop, and shows a considerable increase of
ash from the miud seams. For preliminary tests, the coke obtained is very satisfactory. It appears from a knowl-
edge of all the conditions of the preliminary test and from an inspection of the analyses, that the fixed carbon
of coke made of this coal will be from ninety-three to ninety-four per cent. The appearance of the coke
warrants the assumption that on a full practical trial it will prove a superior furnace fuel.
The Upper Hignite coal is not so regular in thickness or character, nor in its place in the series as the
Lower bed. It varies in height above the preceding, from six to forty-five feet; the in-
tervening rock increasing eastward and southward from the Bear creek section, where shaly sandutone
the separation is by six feet of slaty shale with imbedded kidneys of Limonite iron SlatyShale
ore. Here this bed is forty-two inches thick, with twenty-two inches above separated Coal 14"
by fifteen inches of shale and four inches below separated by ten inches of slate and coal
Sample for analysis was cut from the forty-two inch bench. Cut of this bed as found Clay "
otl Caney creek, and analysis representing the whole bed, are also here given. Coal 9X'
BEAR CREEK. CANEY CREEK. Bit. Shale SW"
Moisture...... . . . .. . 2.00. 2.50
Volatile combustible matters.. . . . 32.80 32. i6ll i
Fixed carbon....... . . ... . X) 50 57 54
Ash . ...... o....57 7.80
Sulphur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .986 .556
Analysis of Coke made from 42-inch bench, Bear creek, gives the following Coal. !
result:-
Moisture (air dried).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6o Coal & Shale
Volatile combustible matters.. . . . . . . . . 15f
rixed carbon. .....................87.58
Ash . ......... .......iY62
Sulphur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uo9upper Hignite Coal
(13) Coey creek.
The first test of this coal, aside from the composition, indicates that it is not a
coking coal.
An opening of this coal formerly made by the American Association (limited), on
Coal I8" Hignite creek, shows as in the illustration of the bed section at that point. An analysis
of sample from the 36-inch bench was made as follows:
.Shale2" Moisture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.50
Coal 21"&1 Volatile combustible matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.70
Fixed carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.80
Ash.50. . . ..
Shale 1I Sulphur . ... .................... .. .554
Three very thin partings occur in this bench not shown in the cut.
The coal shown in the Little Clear creek section, 340 feet above the Lower Hignite
seami, as opened at the head
Shale roof . . .
Coal .
Bit. sand-rock
Coal . . . .
Bit. Shale . . .
Coal . . .
Clay .
Coal .
Clay . . . . .
Coal.
Parting . .
Coal.
of Polk Branch, has the following bed section:
5"
2 75pi
2"
.......... . . . . . . . ... . ., .,. 141 tU
. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .. .. .. .I. .. .. . .. 31
2"f
. 25"
Upper Nigoite Coal,
Higosite creek.
CoOil 30,"
Shale 20"
Coal 6"
Shale 2w"
Coal 3"
. . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . S11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2611
( 14)
Sample of analysis from all but upper four and one-half inches:
M oisture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.20
Volatile combustible matters...... . . ............. . . 32 8o
Fixed carbon . .5...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 54.6o
Ash .0.................................. . .40
Sulphur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408
In the other sections, this coal is too much divided by partings to be of any special value for mining.
About 450 feet above the Lower Hignite coal, near the tops of the spur ridges, another very valuable
coal was opened, which I have designated the " Red Spring" coal. On Little Clear creek, opposite to and half
a mile below W. F. Partin's, this bed shows as follows:
Sample from whole face of coal, near outcrop:
M oisture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 40
Volatile combustible matters. . . . . . . . . . . . 3X.6o
Fixed carbon . . ... 58.24
Ash. ...................... 7,00
Sulphur . .................... .601t
On Polk branch this bed was opened with the following section: Coal 40"
Coal . . io" Sample from 48-inch face.
Clay and Coal I" Moisture ..... . . . . . 3.40
Coal . . . . 48" Volatile combustible matters . 32.40
Clay . .5" Fixed carbon .... .... 59.20
Coal ...i" Ash. ........... 5.00 Coal & Slate 3"1
Clay 5" Sulphur . . . . . . .. . .563
Coal . . . 2" Red Srinn flnnl.
Little Clear creek.
( 15 )
At the head of Hignite creek, this bed opened at the Red Spring shows as in cuit.
Sample for analysis from 39-inch bench.
M oisture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Volatile combustible matters .............
Fixed carbon ....................
Ash . . . . . . .
Sulphur.
2.20
34.20
60. 40
3.20
.576
Coal 39"
mclay -lit
Coal W,
Under Clay
Red Spring Coal, Heac
of Hignite creek.
On Bear creek the bed section is as follows:
Coal. .. 13" Moisture.
Shale . . 5" Volatile combustible matters
Coal.. . o" Fixed carbon .
Parting . . . i" Ash . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal . . . . . . 32" Sulphur . . .
Coal and shale . 6"
The preliminary coking test of coal from the Bear creek opening gives a result scarcely less favorable than
that of the Lower Hignite coal, as will be seen from the coke and the analysis here given. The coal was taken
too near the outcrop for best results, as in the preceding instances.
Volatile combustible matters .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Fixed carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91. 16
Ash.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o
Sulphur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
The tailings of three more beds above the Red Spring coal have been noted at a number of points, but
time has not been taken to make excavations to showe thickness and character.
( i6)
Rlate
Coal 11"
Sliale 3"f
2.6o
. 33.20
. 60.20
4.00
.670
TIMSEt RESOURCES.
The timber growth of this region differs little from that of Eastern Kentucky generally, except in the
size and the number of trees on any given area. It is found, in general, that the timber in Eastern Kentucky is
heavy in proportion to the height of the hills. This region, with its mountain ridges, is no exception to this
observation. As in the Black mountains, of the upper valley, the slopes of the ridges are heavily wooded in all
exposures; more abundantly on the northern and western slopes, but with less contrast in this respect than is
usually found in the lower hill regions.
The plan of investigation, not yet fully carried out for this region, includes careful counts, on measured
areas, of the trees of all kinds, at such elevations and on such exposures as will determine the percentage of
species, and show the effect of varying conditions on the size and distribution of the species which make up the
aborescent flora of the region. At the present time the data at hand is too incomplete for such an exposition.
From counts made at many points of trees, one foot or more in diameter, an estimate of fifteen thousand feet per
acre appears to be fully warranted. This estimate would include White Oak, Yellow Poplar, Chestnut Oak (Tan-
bark Oak), Maple, Chestnut, Red Oak, Beech, Buckeye, Basswood (Linn), Hickory, Cucumber, Ash, Locust,
Mountain Birch, Black 'Walnut and Cherry, named in something like the order of relative prominence. Most of
the local estimates based oni notes already at hand exceed this considerably-some plots having nearly twice that
amount of merchantable timber.
The cleared lands of this region are mostly in the valleys, close to the main creeks. A few cleared farms
of limited acreage, on the ridges, are the exception to this. A fair estimate of the proportion of virgin forest in
the Log mountain region would be at least ninety per cent. Very respectfully,
A. R. CRANDALL,
.Assis/awf Aentuck/ Geological Sur-eve.
4 Forest fires that injure standing timber are positively unknown in this region, probably owing to the
albsence of trees containing pitch.
( 17)
B3EAR CREEK SECTION. BIG CLEAR CREEK.
IC
afl _
4 :g
.4
I.I
0 a
The most important of these veins are now " timbered up" in permanent shape. Our Secretaky and
General Manager, Mr. T. Cairns, will take pleasure in furnishing guides to parties wishing to examine same per-
sonally. Starting from Pineville, the trip can be made in twelve hours, including plenty of time for exami-
nation, returning to Pineville same night.
Lo( MOUNTAIN COAL, COKEl AND TIMBER COMPANY.
-
Iqat.ll.lr46Et
A1NALYSES OF COKE FROM TH-IE LOG MOUN4TAIN CORUS.
(LOG MOUNTAIN COAL, COKE AND TIMBER COMPANY) BY PROF. R. PETER, STATE CHEMIST, OCTOBER 27, i890.
(SAMPLES DRIED AT 212 FAHRENHEIT.)
LOWE--R HwNrnm. LOWER HIGNITE1,
LOCAL NAMES OF VEINS. "POPLAR LICK." No, t. No. 2.
COAL, 17k',- IN,.OL 4 N
SECTION MEASURE. PARTING. Sl2 IN. COAL, 46 IN. COAL, 47 IN.
ICOAL -)' IN'. ,PARTING, I IN- ! PARTING, 1S IN.
_______________ ___ _ Iv_ r_'L____ __ _____ I
Fixed carbon.....9.. 90g7 91.87 92.61
Ash........ . 8.00 7.71 7.00
Sulphur. .. . . . . . .. .693 .637 .530
Volatile matter....... . 1.03 .43 .39
RED SPRING" MR. JOHN FIULTON'S
REPORT ON AN
_____________AVERAGE OF SEVEN
TESTS OF THE
COAL, I IN. POPLAR LICK"
PARTING, 3 IN. AND
COAL, 39 IN. LOWER HI(NITE"
91.i6 91.56
8.50
.416
34
6.36
o.61
1.04
Samples for coking were cut from the whole face of the veins, driven only far enough to obtain clean and
firm coal. Still better results would doubtless be obtained in practical operations, raising the percentage of
carbon to 93 or 94 per cent., and slightly reducing the percentage of ash. (See Prof. Crandall's remarks on this
point on page 13.)
See report on chemical and physical properties of this coke, by Mr. John Fulton, manager of the Cambria
Iron and Steel Works, at Johnstown, Pa., on the following page.
(19)
B. Y. TOWN881E1D, Pa'sldent. t174O. pUlTON, Oeneal flnaget,
POWUkIA STACI H4OU3E, Vie-PaesIderit. JOHNSTOWN, PA.
OFFICE: NO. 218 SOUTH FOURTH ST.
PHILADELPHIA.
IRON AND STEEL WORKS
OF THE
C;qMIIR JROS GOMPAhY.
JOHNSTOWN, PA., November 22, i890.
HULL, WYMAN & CAIRNS, PINEVILTLE, Ky.:
DEAR SIRS: I send you herewith a detailed report of the samples of coke we received from you from
Pineville, Ky.
Pineville has made a very important impression on the manufacturing world in regard to the purity of its
coke. The same can be said of yours, but it is not quite as good (from the coking of it) as it might be. In
your communication, you have not given me the exact locality any more than showing me a number of seams of
Log Mountain coal from which coke can be made, It is well established now, that all the coal beds of a series
in the same geological belt have very much the same properties, both chemical and physical, so that if you have
one good coking seam, the bed below it or above it would likely produce the same good quality of coke. Of
course, there are some modifications in this general principle, but nothing to seriously disturb you there.
In coking your coal, you require to begin slowly and then finish up with an intense heat, giving your coke
the full forty-eight hours in the bee-hive oven, and making the best quality at seventy-two hours.
Very respectfully, JNO. FULTON,
Jfinhic kuqner.
(20)
REPORT OF tJO14N FUL TON, ESQ., OF CAM13RIA IRONI COMP'Y, tJO414TSTOW4, PA.,
014 fUL)Lh, WYMAN & CAIRI4S' LOG MOUNTAIN CONE.
JOHNSTOWN, PA., November 22, i890.
HuLL, WYMAN & CAIRNS, PINEVILLE, Ky.:
DEAR SIRS: The small box containing sample of coke made from coal in the Log Mountain, Pineville,
Region of Kentucky, for physical and chemical examination, received.
It is assumed that this is a fair average sample of your coke. It is evident, from the appearance of this
coke, as; well as from the slight excess of volume of volatile matter remaining in it, that the operation of coking
has not been as complete as could be desired. This would also affect the physical structure of the coke by a
slight reduction of its hardness and in its value in blast furnace operations.
It is also submitted that by careful mining of this coal for coke making, that some reduction can be made
in the percentage of ash, although it now contains a small excess over one-half of the Connellsville Standard.
The following table shows the chemical properties of the Standard Connellsville coke, the celebrated
"Cumberland Valley Colliery Company's Pineville coke " and your Log Mountain coke, for general comparison:
CUMBERLAND HULL, WYMAN
CONNELLSVILLE VALLEY COLLIERY & CAIRNS'
STANDARD COKE, COMPANY'S PINE- LOG MOUNTAIN
PENNSYLVANIA. VILLE COKE, COKE, PINEVILLE,
_______________________ KENTUCKY. KENTUCKY.
Fixed carbon.. ...... . 87.46 94.66 91.56
Moisture. 0.49 1.14 0.43
Ash. . .. . .. . ..