xt780g3h0z9c https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt780g3h0z9c/data/mets.xml University of Kentucky Fayette County, Kentucky The Kentucky Kernel 19680412  newspapers sn89058402 English  Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. The Kentucky Kernel The Kentucky Kernel, April 12, 1968 text The Kentucky Kernel, April 12, 1968 1968 2015 true xt780g3h0z9c section xt780g3h0z9c Kentucky Kernel

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The South's Outstanding College Daily

Friday Evening, April 12, 1968

UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON

Black Versus White
What Now?
By ELAINE STUART
Nearly 50 people, black

and
white, sought a solution to the
problems of race riots and white
bigotry

former two

hoursThurs-da-

y

night at the YMCA's Tavern
Talks with no easy answers being
given or accepted by the group.
The emphasis was on young
people what can they do to discourage racism among their
friends and family.
Miss Doris Wilkinson, a sociology professor and a Negro,
offered these concrete suggestions
to white people w ho want to stop
prejudice.
Do some
and
recognize prejudice in yourself.
Stand up for the Negro w henever a friend or family member
makes a prejudiced remark.
Ask a Kiansman to speak to
your club or friends. "Invite
someone who speaks the language
of hatred and bigotry. See what
this person thinks and then see
how you respond," Miss Wilkinson said.
Help the Black Student
Union.
Historically the black man
"has been viewed as inferior,"

UK Sings Out
At 7 Tonight
Fourteen groups will be singing t on i glit in the University's
annual All Campus Sing in Memorial Hall.
The All Campus Sing, sponsored by Phi Mu Alpha, men's
professional music fraternity, will
begin at 7 p.m.
The program will be divided
into four areas of competition
mixed, women's and men's choruses and a miscellaneous

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Miss Wilkinson said. Behind this
sort of racism, Miss Wilkinson
said, is the established church,
political powers and bigotry ingrained in the family.
The failure of white students
in past civil rights movements
was condemned by Lamond Cod-wia senior in business and economics.
"When we started out, white
students were with us," Godwin
said. "But when the going got
rough, they dropped out. People
say we kicked whites out of the
movement; that's not tnie."
The necessity for Black Power
was discussed by Dr. George
Hill, a Negro in the department
of biochemistry.
"If we're working for the intermingling of the races, then why
do we need Black Power? . . .
When I was growing up, all the
power was in the white man's
sector and it still is. What we
need is a unifying of all black
men, trying to gain themselves
economic and political power. He
who has the power uses it; he
who doesn't, gets stomped," Dr.
Hill said.
Dr. Hill suggested that young
people "use their minds and their
ballot" to help civil rights.
In the discussion a white coed
raised the question of how she
could combat prejudice when "in
a polite society, you may not
even know it exists." She cited
the refusal of her roommate to
attend the meeting for this reason.
Miss Wilkinson answered that
she found the roommate's prejudice "no shock," but only feared
the kind of prejudice behind an
assassin's bullet.
Godwin had a different answer "You better tell your roommate she'd better try to
on Pace 8. CoL 4

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Vol. LIX, No. 135

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go from here?" Dr. George Hill
(left), a member of the Medical Center faculty,
tried to answer that question last night at Tavern Talks. About 50 people attended the informal discussion session on racial problems held

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"Where do we

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at Maria's (formerly Mario's). At the front table
are Allen Brownfield, political science major,
and Jon Dalton, University Office of Religious

Affairs.

Kernel Photo by Howard Mason

Campus Protests Spreading
By College Press Service

Students in Minnesota, New
'
,York and North Carolina held
four demonstrations Thursday,
all related directly or indirectly
to the nation's racial and urban
problems.
Two of the protests showed
no signs of ending, one was

plicant for membership. The fra- student camp-i- on the campus
ternities will now require a ma- of Duke University appeared near
its conclusion,
jority to approve membership.
Architecture students at Pratt
Wright "Tisdale, chairman of
the Duke board of trustees, spoke
Institute in New York City Thursday suspended for Easter vaca- to the students Wednesday and
strike calling agreed to part of their demands.
tion a seven-dafor the resignation of the dean He said the school would raise
the minimum wage for nonaca-demi- c
n

y

employees from $1.15 an

suspended because of Easter vacation, and one appeared near

hour to $1.60 an hour by July
of 1969, instead of 1971 as originally planned. He also agreed
to designate a committee to consider recognition pf a collective
bargaining unit to represent the

its conclusion.

University of Minnesota students were sitting in at the Mayor's office in St. Paul in protest against equipping the city's
police with rifles similar to the
which is used in Vietnam.
They gave notice Thursday that
they plan to continue their vigil.
At Colgate University in Hamilton, N.Y., about 300 students
and faculty members continued
a sit-i- n against racial discrimination in fraternities. They say they
will stay in the school's admin-

employees.

M-1- 6,

istration building until the fraternities adopt a complete open
1

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lousing policy.

The fraternities made a concession Thursday when they
voted to end a policy which
allowed any single member of a
fraternity to disqualify an ap

Demonstration

For Pratt Set

and administrative officers of the
architecture school.
Some of the students will meet
with administrators over the vacation period to discuss their
but one student
grievances,
doubted they would be resolved
and said the strike is expected
to resume when the school reopens April 22.
In Durham, N.C., a

five-da- y

A demonstration in support
of draft resister Don Pratt is
being organized for 2 p.m. Sunday, in front of the Jefferson
County Jail in Louisville, where
Pratt is being held.
Pratt, a former UK student
who was convicted last week by
a U. S. District Court for refusing induction into the military
service on Jan. 26, is in Jefferson County Jail awaiting transfer to a federal prison.

Gretchen Marcum To Serve As
Next Year's Tientuckian' Editor

...

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Kernel Photo by Dick War

'It's About Time9
For a night of vaudeville,

for a night of clowns, singers and dancers, UK Troupers presents "It's About Time" tonight at 8 p.m.
in the Alumni Cym. Admission is 50 cents for children, 75 cents
for students and $1 for adults.

Gretchen Marcum, junior psychology major from Lexington,
will be editor of the 1909 Kentuckian.
A member of the Kentuckian
staff for the past two years,
Miss Marcum was selected for the No. 1 editorial post by the
Board of Student Publications.
The 19G9 Kentuckian will return to sectional coverage of Creeks,
organizations and Sports, but will feature a number of photo
essays as well.
"To the student the book must be a comprehensive account
acaof the year whether the events are planned or sH)ntaiu-ous- ,
demic or athletic, fraternal or independent," Miss Marcum stated
in her prospectus.
n
She hopes to do iJiotographic studies on such topics as
History 300, the "dual role" of the professor (research and
teaching), and the student commuter.
A member of Pi Beta Phi sorority, Miss Marcum has Uen
initiated into two women's Itonoraries Cwens and Links.
TUs year, she is writing the text for several sections of the
1968 Kentuckian, in which the emphasis is on the written word
rather than photography.

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Afro-Asia-

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GRETCHEN MARCUM

* THE KENTUCKY 'KERNEL," friday, April

12, 1908

--

3

Erasing 'Whiteness' In Black Colleges
By WALTER GRANT

College Press Service
ATLANTA The Black Power movement, if successful, will be
responsible for a complete ov erhaul in the basic goals and directions
of the nation's black colleges and universities.
Student Black Power advo- - in the same issues as white
already are applying unpre- - dents on white campuses. The
cedented pressure on their ad
fact that we are black makes it
ministrations, and in many cases Black Power."
are achieving significant reforms.
The Student Power movement
This pressure can be expected to on black campuses cannot be
increase tenfold within the next viewed apart from the national
Black Power
for
movement
year, and many black administrations, most of w hich are basi- another reason. Without it, black
1
cally conservative, may find they students would not have their
will cither have to meet the stuinspiration, and they would not
feel they are fighting for the
dents demands or completely
lose control of their schools.
cause of black people everywhere.
In short, Black Power unifies
This trend has become evident within recent weeks as stu- the students and makes them
dent demonstrations have spread proud they are black. It inspires
on black campuses across the them to act when they think
'
country,
particularly in the changes are necessary.
AT
s
South. Students on several
Although many of the demhave actually taken over onstrations on black campuses
VX
the administration buildings, for- this year have involved local
the administrators out.
problems, black students across
cing
Many of the black student the country have a common goal
demonstrations to date have in- for black colleges. They think
volved issues dear to the hearts black colleges now are controlled
over of the school. Here, students permit Maryof college students everywhere,
by the white community and Emblematic of the surging campus Black Power
land state police to make an inspection tour of
black or white. Black students oriented to the white culture. movement, students at predominantly Negro Bothe campus.
have demanded more responsiThe students want to "blacken" wie State College, Bowie, Md., climaxed a recent
three-da- y
UPI Telephoto
of class with a student take
decisions which afboycott
their colleges by making them
bility in the
fect their education, due process responsive to the needs and culin disciplinary matters, better ture of black people.
student leader at Florida A&M movement will erase the whiteican Negro folk music, and Africafood and housing, an end to reThe Student Nonviolent Co- University. "The culture that is ness of black colleges
dances will be held.
through a n-style
strictive social regulations and ordinating Committee (SNCC), pushed down our throats comes
variety of reforms. Among them
compulsory ROTC, and the like. with its headquarters here, is from the white community," said are:
There will be no place for
The black college campuses,
playing a central role in encourHoward Spencer, a student at
The curriculum of black col- many of today's conservative-minde- d
in fact, have become the center aging black student leaders to
administrators and proTougaloo College in Tougaloo,
leges will be drastically altered.
not only of the Black Power demand that the basic direction
Miss. "The whole direction of the History departments vYill emphafessors, who have been "whiteMovement, but of the Student of black institutions be changed.
college is set and controlled by size Negro and African history washed by the white society,"
Power movement as well. Black At least two other nationwide white
We plan to so black students will become according to Black Power milistudents who are demanding black student organizations are change supremacists.
that," Spencer added. more aware and proud of their tants. There will be more black
more control over their educadoing the same. They are the
Some black faculty members heritage. Students in economics professors, but not Uncle Toms,
Black Students Union, with its
tion have completely outclassed
agree with what the students courses will study such problems on the black campuses.
their white counterparts, in terms headquarters at Fisk University are
saying. "Most Negro schools as the plight of the Negro due
of both planned tactics and acin Nashville, Tenn., and the
have a white middle-clas- s
Colleges will not encourage
point to automation. Political science
tions.
Collegians Together,
g
of view," says Dr. Vincent Hardstudents to get
courses may center around probjobs
But black students who are which is run out of the Hampton
ing, chairman of the history tie-- , lems Negroes have in gaining with; a major industry or corinvolved in the traditional issues
Institute in Hampton, Va.
'at Spellman College
poration ,in the white society.
power 'and
Interviews with scores of black partment whites want to make political
concerning students today canhere. "The
and contradictions of the Amer- Rather, 'students' will be taught
not be divorced from the Black people in the South produced
us anything but black. Black ican dream, and music courses to organize black people in black
Power movement and its full similar comments about the goals students must build
e
will ' emphasize African music. communities so they can develop
implications to the entire society. of the movement as it relates
will make them refuse
Extracurricular activities al- economic, political and social
that
As one black student activist
to black colleges.
to go into a white bag," Dr. so will be changed, with emphapower. There will be much closer
"Our basic goal is to make Harding said.
put it, "Everything black people
ties between the' colleges and
sis on the Negro culture. Condo to gain power is Black Power.
the black college student aware
If successful, the Black Power certs will feature African or Amer the black communities.
of his blackness, identity, and
It doesn't make any difference
if we, as students, are involved
culture," said Roscoe Ellis, a
stu-cat-

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cant-puse-

v

x;

Afro-Americ-

high-payin-

inner-fortitud-

Minimize 'Black Power9 Potency

Educators Hold The Line

,

H,il!!l!il!ti!l!l,

ATLANTA (CPS) Despite the increased influence of the black power movement, most Negro college administrators do not intend to implement the radical reforms being demanded of
them by students on their campuses.
Black college officials, in fact, like to minieffects of the movement on
mize the long-rang- e
the historically Negro colleges and universities.
They say the black power militants are in the
minority, and that the basic goals and directions
of their colleges will remain unchanged.
"There is a great deal of verbalization about
Black Power, but I don't think it will have
that much effect on us," says Dr. Lucius H.
Pitts, president of Miles College in Birmingham,
Ala. Dr. Vivian W. Henderson, president of Clark
College here, agrees. "As of now, I think Black
Power will have only a minimal impact on the
colleges," he says.
These administrators, however, make a distinction between "Black Power" and "black awareness." The majority of today's black students,
they say, fall into the "black awareness" category, because they have become aware of their
heritage and proud that they are black. The
distinction is made because Black Power has a
connotation of militancy and violence.
"I cannot argue against the object of building
pride in one's race," says Dr. Henderson. "This
is a very good objective, and to this extent the
movement could have a very positive
influence on our colleges. But I cannot go along
with those who talk alxmt separatism and create
the allusion that being black has ume special
powers. I cannot go along with those who see
violence as a tool under ceitain circumstances."
Dr. Pitts thinks the militant Blaik Power
advocates "are frustrated, confused and M)ssibly
neurotic misfits." He adds, "I frankly think Negro college campuses are being used by foices
who are not interested in the growth atid development of Negroes. They have another axe
to grind, and they are trying to get young pt
and students to help them. They're not inten ded
in education."

Dr. Sam Nabrit, director of the Southern Fellowship Fund here, and a former president of
Texas Southern University, says he thinks the
Black Power movement already has reached its
maximum strength on some black campuses where
recent disturbances have occurred. "We will see
it on practically every Negro campus, but it will
run its course, and Black Power won't takeover
our Negro institutions," he said.
Although these officials are predicting no
goals of black instichanges in the long-rang- e
tutions, they do admit that Black Power may
have some temporary effects on their colleges.
For one thing, many black institutions, which
in recent years have been trying to recruit more
white students to their camupses, may find it
difficult to interest white students in attending
black colleges. The same may be true of white
faculty members, who comprise more than half
of the faculty at some black schools.
Some white students and faculty members
"probably will be frightened away by all tliis,"
Dr. Henderson said. "But we have not abandoned
air goal of student integration. If white students
want to come to Clark College, we are not going to close the door on them as long as I'm

sitting here."
Many of the Black Power militants, on the
other hand, say there will be no place for white
students or faculty members after they have

achieved certain reforms in black colleges.
In reaction to this attitude, the presidents of
the five colleges that compose the Atlanta University complex issued a joint statement last year
which put the administrators on record "as standing by their historical traditions and commitment
to the values and efficacy of the pursuit of education in a climate free from racism, parochialism, or ethic bias." The statement also said the
colleges would "continue to employ teachers and
staff on the basis of individual qualifications and
not on the basis of race, creed, or nationality.
Students who meet academic standards are welcome regardless of their ethnic qualifications."

* 2

-- THE KENTUCKY KERNEL, Friday, April 12,' 1968

I Don't Know Why You Say Goodbye. I Say Hello.
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Raymond Barnhart's collection of
1966-6constructions, collages
and drawings will be on exhibit
through April 14. The retrospec8

Collages

tive exhibition is in connection
with his forthcoming retirement.

All-Tin-

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Record-Smas- h

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NEW YORK

and

Kernel Photos by Dick Ware

LA.

The Kentucky

The Kentucky Kernel, University
Station, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40508. Second class
postage paid at Lexington, Kentucky.
Mailed five times weekly during the
school year except holidays and exam
periods, and once during the summer
session.
Published by the Board of Student
Publications, UK Post Office Box 4986.
Begun as the Cadet in 1894 and
published continuously as the Kernel
since 1915.
Advertising published herein is intended to help the reader buy. Any
false or misleading advertising should
be reported to The Editors.

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* THE KENTUCKY KERNEL, Friday, April

12, 19G8- -5

Kernel Forum: the readers write
A

Cancelled Class

To llic Editor of the Kernel:
I wish to thank the student who came
to tne last Friday after I had written
the announcement cancelling the class
"In respect for and In Memory of Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr." The student
said (almost belli Keren tly, I thought):
"On what academic grounds can you
cancel today's class." I was tempted to
say in the words of a very good and
wise man "If you gotta ask, you'll never

understand!"

But my temporizing explanation was,
in effect, that I personally had sustained
a shock second only to that occasioned
by the assassination of President John
F. Kennedy. (At that time, you may recall, the University was the target of
widespread criticism for playing its regularly scheduled Saturday afternoon football game against an equally callous
S.E.C. school whose name I have fortunately forgotten.
The reason I want to thank that student is that he forcibly called my attention to the fact that not every one felt
as shocked and stricken as I was last
Friday morning.
I take a few minutes to explain my
position.
A part of me died last Thursday evening on hearing of the barbaric assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Whether you know it or not, a bit
of you died, too!
For this reason that s what makes
us, as American citizens, the envy of the
world is our freedom not our electric
refrigerators, not our TV's or our high
cars and motor
ix)wercd, chrome-plate- d
lx)ats, not our mobility on our incomparable interstate highways or our luxurious
athcountry clubs, our
letes or our lissome girls and the hours
and comthey can spend on hair-do- s
plexion creams. It's the freedom we
enjoy to assemble, to speak, to agree or
disagree, to elect or to turn down our
leaders, to worship or not as we choose
and all the other blessings we so often
so thoughtlessly enjoy. These are the freedoms we are truly envied.
But when these freedoms are reduced
by discrimination, intimidation, threat or
violence to any one of us, the freedom
of each of us is reduced.
When a man of the unshakable integrity, the unbelievable courage and the
international and symbolic stature of a
Martin Luther King, Jr. dies violently
cause of his leadership in what should be
in our common struggle against injustice,
intolerance and hatred, we are all the
losers, and, as I said earlier, a bit of us
dies yes, us the descendents of tliose
who fought and died for the Democratic
freedoms which we have inherited and so
super-condition-

few of us have earned; and of us the
descendents of those who came later to
these shores to escape tyranny and op-

pression.
Some of you felt the same terrible loss
I did. Others, and I know not how many,
may not even have been aware of their,
loss. I speak therefore, principally to them
and here unburden my heart of a few
things, besides student apathy, that sear
my heart and conscience.
I may be straying a bit from my original point, but I will, forinstance, mention
something that has long torn me internally at the University of Kentucky.
I am a regular spectator at all UK home
basketball games which I follow with
passionate devotion. But my stomach
turns when I hear the wild thoughtless
roar that greets the UK band when it
plays "Dixie" at these games and when
I see some equally mindless fool wave
the Confederate Flag that means so many
different things to so many different
people. Though written by a Yankee minstrel, as you know Dixie swept the South
during the Civil War and became the
emotional
expression of "The Lost
Cause." After Appomattox President Lincoln with his characteristic magnanimity
acceded to the playing of Dixie at the
celebrations following the end of the war.
He said that since we had recaptured it
we should play it.

But Dixie and the once honored flag
of the Confederacy, whether you realizeit
or not have now been dishonored by their
use as symbols of Reaction, Intolerance,
Ignorance, Violence (such as we saw
last Friday) and an
thing for which
Democracy and human dignity and decency stand. That one time proud Stars
and Bars is now dragged in the stinking
mud by a rag-ta- g
mob of romantic
Ignorants, vicious Discontents
and Neurotics who start screaming at the
first bars of Dixie. Don't ally yourself
with them!
What (Her Coach Rupp and his assistants may say to a talented Negro high
school prospect about the advantages of
accepting a basketball scholarship at the
University of Kentucky is instantly swept
away by that mindless band's rousing
call for an easy equally mindless roar
from the crowd by playing what to many
people is practically a hate song almost
comparable to the "Horst Wessel Lied"
of Nazi Cermany.
And all this goes out to the nation
Thanks to
and occasionally over-searadio and TV. Thanks? Not from me!
I agonize, I sweat, I fold my arms
and remain seated no matter how much
I love the song as I do in its original
uncontaminated context, no matter what
respect i felt for the gallant apirits of
the Confederacy.
Krrow-Nothing-

s.

s,

Another item. I drove to the Gulf
of Mexico for Spring Vacation a few weeks
ago, but because of a previous experience
a year ago on the same trip south for
Spring Vacation,

Aprils,

1988

Allaying legislators' fears about certain activities at UK was one problem confronted by aides.
anil
Speaking of the Gmference on the War
the Dralt held here, Karnes commented:
"There was quite a lot of mail coming in to
the legislators from lack home demanding to
know why tltese people were allowed to come-tUK. Something like Commies on campus."
Altlough the governor was being pressured
the
by several legislators to take action against
Karnes said, "a lot of us
antiwar conference,
o

Richard B. Freeman
Professor of Art
University of Kentucky

Religious Holiday
To the Editor of the Kernel:
I deem it fairly ludicrous that the
University of Kentucky can cancel classes
for a memorial service for Martin Luther
King Jr., and yet they cannot make available a time for University students to
mourn the most important religious death
in the history of mankind the crucifixion
and martyrdom of Jesus Christ. I would
like to point out that the eternal effect
of Christ as the Son of God in his suffering for mankind deserves at least as
much respect as the achievements of
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. It seems
only civil that University Christians be
afforded the opportunity to attend the
religious services held for Christ on the
anniversary of His death. Why can an
institution of higher learning find time
to revere the sacrifices of a contemporary
leader, when they cannot waste the time
to revere the greatest sacrifice given to
the human race by the God who created
that leader? Is academic activity so much
more important than Good Friday?
Karen Ogilvy
A&S Sophomore

'Better Than Any Course

The "adventurous spirit" of some of the younger
representatives brought praise from Eric Karnes,
a senior in political science who worked with
Republicans in the House.
"There's a lot of new ideas and experimenting going go in state government now. I think
that what we saw has convinced many of the
legislative aides to go on into state or federal
government," Karnes said.
Hills drawn up by Walter Baker
calling for u presidential primary in Kentucky
and legalized abortion, were among the "new
ideas" Karnes cited.

drove through

I

By-Pa-

Legislative Aides Review Experiences
Nine UK students have got their first close look
at Kentucky politics in the raw and expressed
lx)th praise and criticism for what they saw.
The nine, working in the Ceneral Assembly
y
for its recent
session, assisted members
of the House of Representatives and Senate under
a program initiated by Cov. Louie B. Nunn.
In doing so, the legislative aides wrote speeches
for their legislators, did research on laws, processed mail and guided visitors through the cap-ito- l.

when

the city, I was careful to take the
around Montgomery, Alabama, where
the Confederate Flag alone flies over the
Capitol under the auspices not of Alabama's sweet, stricken Governor, i feel
sure, but by the will of the vicious political climate which I could feel during the
six years i served as Head of the Art
Department of the University of Alabama.
So "Humanities" in which you and I
are presently involved is I think more
than Art, Literature, Music and Philosophy. It is really connected with the present
crises in human relations. Perhaps Dr.
King's tragic death will help in the end
to heal the cleavages that divide us. I
mourn his passing for so many reasons
and hope for better times ahead. At this
moment they couldn't be worse.
If all this has nothing to do with
Art 203, a part of the Humanities requirement at the University of Kentucky,
then I am in the wrong class and, as a
teacher, in the wrong University and in
the wrong profession.
To paraphrase John Donne if I may
"When the bell tolls tomorrow, ask not
for whom the bell tolls, it tolls for Martin Luther King, Jr. and for thee and me.

aides knew the governor and worked with him
on the problem. Of course, the speaker ban never
got out of committee."
Allen Youngman, a junior in political science
who also worked with Republicans in the House,
tliought the aides as a group were able to affect
legislators' opinions on UK matters.
"The time the speaker ban came up we talked
to them as individuals," Youngman said. "We
had to persuade them that UK students were not
a bunch of hippies."
Aides also were instrumental in keeping tuition
from being raised substantially for
students, according to Jerry Ronayne, a political
science major who worked with Democratic legislators.
"As legislative aides, we were able to help
students from UK contact the legislators to talk
about
tuition. Some of us were also
able to get these students floor privileges," Ronayne
said.
The aides as a group "had a lot of influence
on the board of trustees bill" (which provides
for a student from each state college and university
a nonvoting member of his college's
to
governing Ixjard), according to Joe White.
te

Bombing Illogical

To the Editor of the Kernel:
One of the most talked about issues
in the Vietnamese war is the question
of the lxmbing of North Vietnam. 1
feel that the U.S. should discontinue
the bombing of North Vietnam. My belief in this stems from two basic aspects.
First, the initial reason for the bombing was illogical. It was a speedy react ion
to an incident which had not been completely investigated. In 1965 McNamara
reported to congress that two of our
ships had been torpedoed by the North
Vietnamese, these ships, according to
McNamara, were in the international waters of the Gulf of Tonkin. As a result
of this incident he claimed we had the
right to bomb North Vietnam and he
succeeded in convincing Congress of this
belief.
This information presented to Congress was later proven false. After the
bombing was begun it was brought out
that the two ships had been spy ships
in national waters and there was no
trace of topedoes having been used.
Since the first reason for bombing
has been discovered to be incorrect, the
government has turned to two other reasons. These reasons that we are now
giving also do not justify the action.
One reason for bombing North Vietnam
is to stop the flow of supplies to the
North Vietnamese in South Vietnam. In
bombing North Vietnam the United States
bombs mostly unpaved passages both
exits and entrances.
Our efforts are futile in that these
"dirt" passages can easily be patched
and transportation resummed. Therefore
the U.S. is constantly bombing, spending tax payers money (money that could
be used here in the U.S.).
Forcing North Vietnam to come to
the bargaining table is another reason
given for bombing them. The North Vietnamese say t