xt7bk35mct86 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7bk35mct86/data/mets.xml  United States. Federal Highway Administration United States. Bureau of Public Roads United States. Federal Highway Administration. Offices of Research, Development, and Technology United States. Federal Highway Administration. Offices of Research and Development 1939 v.: ill., ports.; 30 cm. UK holds archival copy for ASERL Collaborative Federal Depository Program libraries. Call Number FW 2.7: 20/9 journals English Washington: U.S. Federal Highway Administration etc. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Works Progress Administration Transportation Publications Roads -- United States -- Periodicals Highway research -- United States -- Periodicals Public roads: a Journal of Highway Research November 1939 text Public roads: a Journal of Highway Research November 1939 1939 2019 true xt7bk35mct86 section xt7bk35mct86 . 2 . : .. —~~— ,, .7 -._,.:~- _- -.-:::_,...,A,_. , ."_+.‘r‘,,.,.—-- ”m. I
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I I I I F HIGHWAY RESEARCH I’I
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4 A WORKS AGENCY III
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PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION I
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2 :“I
"' VEMBER 1939 I’I‘-"
:. NO I III
VOL. 20 NO. 9 V IIIII
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I I I j AS A]:
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I a I: l L I S Highway Research
I Issued lay the
‘ if; FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY URINIGII
. I .1 ‘ D Adminis‘
‘ ‘. III I PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION studleS c
_ "s I D. M. BEACH, Editor and the factor
I.I I II I 5 Volume 20, N0. 9 November I939 The results 0
I I lll II;I I M have been PUT
‘ l {3‘ l . . _ 1 Observation
‘. . I I . I - The reports of research published in this magazine are necessarily qualified By the conditions of the tests from which the data are obtained. the performaI
I : ' Whenever it is deemed possible to do so, generalizations are drawn from the results of the tests; and, unless this is done, the conclusion: applicatiOn 0f
v 1‘ formulated must he considered as specifically pertinent only to described conditions. need for labOI
I jr 4 Such observat
‘ I “ , ingfacts:
l I; 1. Mixture;
II I that form hi;
‘I‘ III 1 § ? ' unstable as
I ill I II: I In T1213 Issue surfacing.
l ~15; I . . . . . . . Pm 2. NonplaIS‘
. H I Studies of Water-Retentive Chemicals as Admixtures w1th Nonplastic Road-Budding within defillltt
Iézf§I§I~s Materials... ....... .............. 173 co‘ll'sesfm‘“
f: 3 11;? f I ments.
. 531;: 3. These so
i" i Ii 3 to traffic pl‘lO
I II dusty in dry \
‘i -, 3 , l2 ___ be excesswe.
1 l 1‘ >1 .

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II I II I THE PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION — - - - — - - - Willard Budding, Washington, D. C. aggrecrates int
.3; vii- l1 - - . ~ ‘ a i
‘. 5‘ l; 3.’ I; REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS ' ' - . - - - . - — - Federal Building, Civ1c Center, San Francisco, Calif. 5. Germ“!
: 2’1 1'}; ‘ surface appllc

l ‘1 V moisture film:
I II H}: .I This repori
:xIIIII 1‘ DISTRICT OFFICES door circular
II III. ‘ DIST ICT N . . . . , , . the effect of
'. III I II I R o. l. Oregon, Washington. and Msntana. IIdI DISTRICT No. 8. Alabama. Georgia. Florida. Mississmpi, and Tennessee. chIlorlde and
I ‘ l l I: _ , _ 05¢ 051“ BL“ mg. Portland. Oreg. Post. Office Building. Montgomery. All. mutures und
;} I I; 2- DISTRICT N°' 2' California. Arizona. and Nevada: . . DISTRICT No. 9. Connecticut. Maine, Massachusetts. New Hampshire, New “.0115 bOth bl
l I IIII III Federal Budding, Civic Center. San Francisco, Calif. Jersey, New York. Rhode Island. and Vermont” bltiumanUS SI
I I ‘III : II DISTRICT No. 3. Colorado. New Mexico. and Wyoming. 505 R“ 0m“ Bdlding' Albany'N’Y' .The 01101112
f I llIll' I 254 New cusmmhwse' Denver'c‘flm DISTRICT No. II). Delaware, Maryland, Ohio. Pennsylvania, and District “ugh the exce
.l lIl l l DISTRICT No. 4. Minnesota, North Dakota. South Dakota. and Wisconsin. Of Columbia. 111 001‘ traCk
I l .II i. 907 Post 0m“ Building. St. PM Minn. Willard Building, Washington. 0.0 The test WhE
f 531 1 DISTRICT No. ll. Alaska. with h. h-
. I I I . . 1g prc
‘ E II I DISTRICT NO. 5- Iowa. Kansasv MlSSOuI‘l. and NebraSka- Room 419, Federal and Territorial Building. Juneau. Alaslfl. lion 1‘
l i l l‘ I 7” U. S. Courthouse. Kansas City. Mo. SIZP 806088121861
-' LI! 1 g‘ , . —
I I I I; II 2; DISTRICT No. 6. Arkansas. Louisiana. C lrlahcma. and Texas. DISTRICT No. 12. daho and Utah. Federal Building. Ogden. Uuh. llldOOI‘ equip
; I ~ I‘I Room 502. United States Courthouse. Fort Worth, Tex. _ . track tests 5
l III 3 DISTRICT No. 7. Illinois. Indiana, Kentucky. and Michigan. DISTRICT N°‘ 14' Naifgingf"°l‘“a' 5°“th Camlma' “”9““ and W‘" creased to ’1,
j: I I l' I‘ South Chicago Post once Building. Chicago, in. Montgomery Building. Spartanburg.5.c- tests.
I III I I _ 1d)1stribute(
‘ IJ I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . an -'
I ill I? Because of the necessarily limited edition of this publication it is imposs1ble to distribute it free to any person or institution other gradfiifigngsfi
‘ I I If than State and county ofECIals actually engaged in planning or constructing public highways, instructors in highway engineering. With respect
I I I iI and periodicals upon an exchange basis. At the present time additions to the free mailing list can be made only as vacancies occur. t0 pursue alt
. l I l Those desmng to obtain PUBLIC ROADS can do so by sending $1 per year (foreign subscription $l .50), or 10 cents per single copy. gourses 003791
I I I to the Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Printing Office. Washington, D. C. Iafiic, Whmh
II’le .- ___—__________________——__’ been constru
' ll I :‘ ___———______.——____‘a \-
3U I .r I 1A
5I; I: I _ CERTIFICATE: By direction of the Commissioner of Public Roads. the matter contained herein is published as administrative information pentel‘sgllllilyfil EMT;
. lIl ‘IIE I . I and is required for the proper transaction of the public business. gaifilyfigfgisaligcg
E ‘III I ' 137099—39~‘
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'l'itllilii .-
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 I
III
I 5»; 5‘.
I
STUDIES OF WATER—RETENTIVE CHEMICALS I
1 A II II
- As ADIVIIXTURES WITH NONPLASTIC ROAD
" i 3? III
I BUILDING MATERIALS I I
r I I
I BY THE. DIVISION OF TESTS, PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION I III
Reported by E. A. WILLIS, Associate Highway Engineer. and C. A. CARPENTER, Associate Civil Engineer ‘r I III
URING the past several years the Public Roads pivot of the beam in such a position that the wheels I I
D Administration has conducted laboratory and field pursued two concentric circular courses whose center I' II
studies of various types of base—course materials lines were about 2% inches on either side of the center I I, :1
and the factors that influence their behavior in service. line of the track. I III I III
:9 The results of two of the laboratory investigations I WI
_ have been published in recent issues of PUBLIC ROADS.1 . 1 v' .. I. ., 1'; I
Observation of the behavior of soil road surfaces and . IVIII IIIIIIIIIIII' II»: . I I II
I. the performance of the same materials following the IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII I IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII‘I”?v _. . , * III
1: application of bituminous surfaces has suggested the IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII'IIIIIIIIIIIIII,Iv"!!’lI»I‘II'23"I’II"I’ «‘“5'”_ 5 ., I I
need for laboratory study of this type Of construction. ' . Z; ‘ Y I: ’ E‘I
Such observations have already established the follow- ' " . J ., _,-. " 5 “-2-,” ’ E '5, III
, in facts; fr" I T‘ ““5555 . . ; II
III. Mixtures of granular aggregate and clay binder I I ,2 . I, ”may“: ”m 1 E”I
that form highly stable road surfaces may become 5‘ we. .m _ 155,25" =.:“'.‘:; II
unstable as bases when covered with a waterproof II/VW” w:““'" ’I W” 2 I III
surfacing. . . 5 . . £5; 2 I III
2. Nonplastlc granular materials, liavmg gradings 5 , Ts.» M” ., . #7.; 5 I I (I
within definitely established limits, provide stable base «‘5 " - If?” " III
courses for relatively thin bituminous surface treat- ‘5 W ' ' I .gI’I
ments. ‘3‘“ , ‘3 . fix, I I ‘I:
3. These same nonplastic materials when subjected g 3, III II I I I
to traffic prior to surface treatment may be loose and " _ , .. . , g fig5f“ I; ‘ III
. dusty in dry weather and the loss of surface metal may . ' " ' f“ 2 -" ‘ 2 «II
be excessive. . . FiGURE I.—THE OUTDOOR CIRCULAR TRACK USED IN TESTING :i II’
a 4-M015t111‘6 films serve to bmd 511011 nonplastic ROAD-BUILDING MATERIALS. IN THE BACKGROUND Is THE ,III
“- aggregates mto a coherent road surface. MOVABLE SHED USED TO Covaa THE TRACK AT NIGHT AND , 1 ’I
if 5. Certain chemicals used either as admixtures or DURING RAINY WEATHER. III;
I surface applications aid materially in maintaining these I
moisture films under suitable climatic conditions. This investigation involved the construction and Z‘II‘, ‘
This report describes investigations using the out- testing of 20 track sections. Each section was 18 inches ., II: I
door circular track, shown in figure 1, to determine Wide, 6 inches deep, and approximately 7.5 feet long. I III!
the effect of the water—retentive chemicals, calcium Five sections comprised a test track and were tested as ' If? I
-. chloride and sodium chloride, on nonplastic granular a group. Thus four tracks were required to test the III
Ila. Inixtures under controlled traflic and moisture condi— 20 sections. IIIIIIII
u, tiions both before and after the application of a thin I“;
bituminous surface treatment. VARIOUS AGGREGATES AND ADMIXTURES USED IN TEST SECTIONS ‘1 I”,
Y. _The circular track used in these investigations was, I I III
M with the exception of tire equipment, a duplicate of the The gradings and soil constants of. the aggregates I III jI
meOI‘ track used in the studies previously reported.‘ used in the 20 test sections are given in table 1. The I I III
.C The test wheels for the outdoor setup were equipped materials comprising the 15 test sections of tracks 1, 2, I ‘II‘II'
with high-pressure tires, size 30x5, requiring an infla- and 3 were prepared by combining Potomac River I “. III
I“ tIon pressure of 80 pounds per square inch instead of the gravel, Potomac River sand, pulverized silica, and a I III
.5129, 6.00—20 low-pressure tires that were used with the local clay soil having a liquid limit of 41 and a plas— ‘ III
ah. Indoor equipment. The load was, as in the indoor ticity index Of 18. I III
est track tests, 800 pounds on each wheel. This was in- Crusher-run limestone, blast-furnace slag, and granite ,; II‘I'“
creased to 1,000 pounds near the end of some of the were used in the construction of the five sections tested : 3‘: I
I9 teStS, in track 4. I III II
.. Distributed traffic which was used for compacting Tracks 1, 2, and 3, except for minor differences in I -,‘ I
[a and testing the unsurfaced mixtures was obtained by grading incident to slight variations in the stock ma— . II‘ 3,
gradually shifting the rotating beam longitudinally terials, had identical composition. In section 1 of each I. I} II
18: With respect to its axis Of rotation, causing the wheels of the three tracks the material passing the NO. 200 I ,1
1r. t0 pursue alternately expanding and contracting spiral sieve was primarily the clay soil while in all other I 1%
,y, courses covering the entire track area. Concentrated sections the fines consisted primarily of the inert I I
traffic, which was used after the surface treatment had pulverized silica. Sections 1 and 2 of tracks 1, 2, and 3, I
_ beenxconstructed, was Obtained by locking the sliding had approximately the same amounts of materiaI pass- II 3 III
— DeInItI StUdy of Sand-Clay Materials for Base-Course Construction, by C. A. Car- 111g the NO' 200 Sleve’ SEC/MODS 3’ 4’ and 5’ (.ilflIeIied I 1:
araiéiiifitfigatfwgis5mm Rows, November 1938. AstudygIEsapdV—glnay- from sections 1 and 2 and from each other primarily II I
PUBLIC ROADS, Mtgichaslgagourse Construction,by C.A. Carpenter an . . 1 Is. In the amount Of mineral dust present. . I . III.
13709a~39~4 173 II
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1111 pUBLIC ROADS fl #1—
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‘1 1 1111 T BLE L—Gradmgs and $011 constants of 7nate7‘lal8 used 2 dlffel‘ent tlmf
"1 ‘ ‘11‘1 A "- zk No 4 section— temperature I
‘1 ‘1‘ 1 1‘1 1 T ck No 9 section— Track No. 31 Seet'ionfi 1111c ‘ 1 the recording
11 .1 1111 1 Track NO- 1' ”cm” _.__—*— , 1 2 3 4 5 the tests on t
‘1 111: 1 —213—4;’ 1 2 s 4 5 1 2 1 3 4__:_ __~, ——~~\ The behaw
'111'1 1‘1 1 ___~__,___w , . o
«1} ; 11‘ 1 _ _ _— fl —‘ 1 P t. Pct Pct. Pct. 1 61‘ Pd- PCL PM. 11 the 133515
1 1.1111 ' fl—fi Pct Pct. pct, Pct. Pct. PCt- P1116 1:816 P1811} 11bit) Iigé 111111 130 133 13(7) 138 188 1118 183 1101 Stages of the-
1 1 111 Grading; Hmhsim 106 13g 13g ‘83 ‘8? ‘33 196 97 2; 2’; 33 33 2173 61 59 2% 2% 33 22 11 vertical disp.
' 1%. 111111 fiii‘iti12-inc11sieve----~---------- $32 290 to 69 613 12 33 Q3 5’0 40 on 59 g; 38 :13 2‘5 13 19 41 37 ments were I
l 1 .1 :: Passing No.451eve-»-~»-------"" 6" 69 57 59 52 43 35 30 26 4o 41 '. 19 9 12 10 5 16 11 ’0 rs
1 1 1 1:; Passing No.10518V5--------“”"' 45 4a 37 35 31 4° 6 19 12 7 25 22 1" g 3 3 3 1 3 2 profilome e
1 ‘ :111 PassingNO-40519V9“"“"'""" 03 24 18 12 9 23 28 6 5 5 11 5 4 41] 31 48 37 26 39 38 ts
1 1. 11111 Passing No. 200 sieve—uu-w-"V ‘7 o 5 4 4 8 00 54 40 27 56 54 48 rePOr '
1 1L1 Passing 0.005mm-----------‘-""' 5g 52 49 34 29 58 6 1 14 14 13 10 14 1.3 2(7) 23 21 q
1 1 .. 11 1 1 i1. 1 7 2
1 ‘1. 11111 ggssttsbaiilithalteriilpass‘w NoAOSIeVE- 17 17 13 lg 1% 12 1; lg 13 0 2 0 0 0 0 f
f 11‘; 1 Liquidim} 2 0
1 . 1 11111 I’IasticltylfideX----~-"‘“""’"
1: 1.11111 M—n—fi—HM _.__._
11‘ 1.1.11 11 percentage passmh NO- 200 51" :1. __,..———
11 ,1 .111 1 . = —.—————— 1 1
111 1111'1 113““ "m" 100[percentage 985mg NO 40519” T Bu; 2 JVIoz‘sture contents immediafely “fie; figifiiiéclnzzsfi: ggtoocfotléssttmctfi:
'1 1‘13 . . - A 1 .— 1 - 0 1
11‘ 111111111 1 4 section 1 con81sted of limestone, s90t‘0n optimum 7710,1811”? contents on the frame” Averageda‘lyma“
1‘ 1 1111111 In traci ’ t'on 3 of blast-furnace slag, section 4, the No. 10 mm Averagedafly mm
1: : 111.1111 2 0f granlte’ SBC 1‘ 11'; Of granite and 10 Percent Slag’ -_—_—_-———_—'—_~————OptTum Maximuml'ecorded
11‘ 111 1’1 90 percent by welg 1 ‘ f finite and 10 31015111” moisturecon- mimum record.ed
. . b e1 ht 0 gr . 1 M
1‘ 1 ‘1‘ 1" d tlon 5 90 pm cent y W g Section cement" tent oimaie- Greatestchaugem
I11 1 1111111 1 an SB: l'mestone _ t 1 Track No. No. sectlmnisn 311'" riaipasgiiigl From...-—--—--
1‘1‘11 percen_ 1 _ - “admixture 1Il rac { D110 No. 10 Sieve Tor......--——--é
11 1 111111: 05110111111 chlorlde_W€t§ used as an T 1 l’ 3 was tested _fifi__ #______~% AEi-iggigydfl-l—Slfl
1 11:11 1 and sodium chlorlde 1n tI'QJCk 2- lac ‘4 S 1368th W—-—“_“E#!gg _ PETCWS 6 Percent 95 Average daily mi
1111111 Withom & Chemical admlxme' 1r radii the‘iia with a t 633 3‘1 M'fiitt’siieaiaie
1 :‘ 111111 'th ut chemical treatmen a 3 7-2 9‘1 .
‘1 111111 first W1 0 1 , - hl 'de 1_ 4 6- ' MinimumrecordeC
. . 1.1 1 mm 0 01‘1 . m; 9-0
“ 1111111111: 1 surface appllcaitlon Of calc ' f tracks 1 2, and 3, 5 7y 1 1010 1931: change in
1‘ ‘11 111‘ 1 In constructlng the test sections 0 d to dis‘solve the i 624 9-5 Greiiom....--—--—
‘ 111111111 sufficient water inellldlng hthat uzegates to bring the .. 3 2'2 :1 To__.___....—-
‘ a. 1 - d to t e aggl‘ 2 4 ~ 1131 —’——
'1 1‘1 .11 1 meals Wits adde 1 . re- ‘1 4.3
1 1 1111 Signal" portion to its 0131““ mOISture CAongintSaiip 0. i 6-9 111 The resist
11 11 11111 ' Sl determined by the Proctor test ( - _ ' ' 11 ht 2 g; 921 t ted
1 y 111 11 ‘S’ltoudy d Compaction Test NO. T9938) “nth a Sig 3 i 413 3'1 when 0135 d
1- .- )3 ar r 4.3 - u g9 1
11 1 . 11 1 a - arse a aregate. .1 W118] _
1 1: 111 excess fOI' wetting the 00. t its were made on the 1 6-7 _-_-.._....:: correlation C
1 ‘1 113, 1 No Proctor cornrliactloré1 .e track 4 Just enough :33 13.3 -.::::::W ment and tl
. 11.1'1 _ mat-emits use 111 . ' - ‘ __-__________......—-----~- 9:3 ::__.....——-----
11 1 11111 1 crusher runcomblned with the mixtures used II} this 4""""""‘ g 1112 ____.,.....----- Grate GQI‘bS
111 1311 water was 86 them to hold a cast when squeezed 1n the ____.——__—te"“—1"— from being 1
1 1 1111.1 limes; t(){lgilburatorv compaction 2 tests were .mad? 3:; 1133393 011ttlheeflgyyxigilttnff)éhgepbgttzidiigiiltelig:aggregate passinsthe N°-1°S‘°Ve~ of Ighe test 111
1' 1‘1 1'11 an ' ~ ‘ to the construction 0 213m on 1 _ . su ace, 111_0
1 111 1111 these materials subsequent h 1 tri S 6 4 000 wheel—mp5, 60,000 wheel-trlpts, a11d observed in
11 1‘1 1 1 sections. . t ts of all sections immediately W2 :30 wfieel—tr’ips for tracks 1, 2, 3, and 4, respec {17:118- stage the 8m
1‘11 “1 1 The H'lOlSture cgnen the track and the Optimum 8 13 Testing of the materials Without a bitumln condition.
11 11, 1111 after belng place 111 s Of the materials . t, then roceeded. All averag
11 1 ‘ - t for the mortal" urface treatmen P . leted
1 .1111 11 1 mmsture conten s d 3 are shown in table 2. S Aft r this phase of the testlng’ had been comp i measured a:
1‘, ‘1 1 “‘ d in tracks 11 21 an 1 . ‘ 1 f the 7~ .6 dt ' med Smooth. b‘ t1
1 1. » 11 11 use the materia s 01‘ re reshaped an mm d and en Jec
11 1 .11 h cedures for pTeParmg . _ the seCtlonS we . . 1 r s uare yar
1“ 1 1 1“ ‘ T1 e p20 nstructing the 1365'“ 5601110113: and surface 8 A prime cons1st1ng of 0.3 1355111011 pe q observed 90
1 1. 1 11 trac< tes S1 00 _ .' 1‘ d and allowe to cure. the bltummi
1 1 - ows. tar was app 16 . . 1 01 .
1. 1 1 1 ' treatlé‘gflgh9mtwggftgiidfil were prepared foi- only 011:: Ofglalglilxtsurface treatment cons18tllng 030.4 gaggn (1))ffh50 clus10ns rea
a 1 : . 1 1. u 01611 ortione -. . . - ateria an a 00 same a par
;; 1‘ 1 1 - e ates were prop . n bltummous m 1 . - S P
1 11 1‘1 1 track .5111 af t1methe'ls‘iiiscl:L girglatirials to give the des1red 333111321313“ square yard of stone of %—1nch maXImum measured w
11 1‘11 1 we] 1’, rom ' Waiter . I ' '
11 1 11 1 1g)13‘,a.dinggs and were thoroughly mixed before any size WE’LIS‘hcontstrutcted.t was consolidated by 51616111011111
2 :11“ . . - 10. e rea men , 11 ealed an
'1 ‘1 1 11 1 was added. - ' d to (115- . . rface Was we 5 __
1 1 11111 1 2 Water was added and mlxmg 001119111“e distributed traffic unttil the SH
111.1111 , ' - _ . d I10 movemen -
I 11 ‘11 1 1 tribute the m01stur6. h _ al admlxtul‘e, 1n the shOWe URING TEST 0
1 ‘ ' d 2 the G 6mm CONSIDERABLY D
1' 1 1 3‘ In thks 1 £1131 1 are yard was added as a wEATHER CONDITIONS VARIED . t' ns
‘ 11 1 n 5 per squ : ' ' estlga 10
1 ‘1 11 1- amount Of 2 P011 k used 111 these HIV
1 - .1 1; . ‘ _ r trac Was _ .
1‘ 1:1 11 1 8011mm) along Ylth (ghg‘gltfirés were then placed in the b EthZeoittctggs desired to subject the finaterlalfs' $311311: .
1 ‘311 ‘ 1 4 The mois ene - 1 11 rs e ' ' 1 t, the in 11611060 0 .
1 1111 1. 111 - . equa aye i ' _ 1, Have chemlca S 0 d Placing and com!
11 111 1 111 1 m two appI‘OXIma/t'e y wlth water re 8 . , . . h ncountere . . . t
1 1:11 1‘1 31 trough 0f the traCk ‘ h traffic Of pneu- . dh mldlt sunflar tot 0866 Testing Wl'th dis
1 1 1 :1 ' acted With t e in temperature an 11 y. . dh gro- Do......-.-.
11 11> ach la er belng COmP. - - the . - thermometeran y D
1 : 1 1111 inatic-tiied wheels uniformly distributed over on road31n.sertwfiea 1:21:11? 313111;ng to determine these fao- aptiinfigiing andt
1 1 1 1 111 1 - meter was 1ns'a e 11 - urel was in c.. "t
‘1 1 1 ‘ 111 1 SUli‘sfacct‘31)mpactiori was continued on ththOP ltayer mail; tors, A movable shelet metafioofasgfivgéfillggiys 301tha13 02111111112ng bu
1 11 g f 11 1 - ' . a sec ions W ac { at mo an - Testing with con
‘ 1 ‘ ‘ '1‘ 1:1 no further subs1dence was UPted and 'r d 18 200 used to 00ver the tr 1 d an the surface of each 56011011 Do__________
1 ‘1‘ 1 1‘ 1‘1 ' suitable condition for testlng. This requl e ’ the amount of waterp ace 0d 1 Do__________
1 11 ‘1 ‘1 1 L— M h‘ne for Determining the Compactibimy 0‘ Aggregates’ could be accurately 0011130113 ' Tim
'11 ‘ 1--: ‘ acl owner
, 1" 11%“1 byzf gega$éba¥iglo§YF. Goode, PUBLIC RCADSr May 1939' IWheelload.‘
1 1"» 1 \‘1
= 11 1
'1'1.;i 11.11
1 11111111
1 F111 ?
‘1 1. 1 ‘ 111: 1
111-111 1 1 .
'11- ‘

 A 7 N,“ WNW m‘rm-x-xe 1. ‘ g- . . W'fiv“~’-~"1—'F="WTH—_—-.V. _. .- » .- —. 'WW—m ; g ,, . Murnv—é-a ‘1“?
if . V ., A“ 1: 1‘11
2 r I‘
1 1 1
1 November1939 P U B L I C R 0A D S 175 1:11 11
: g I :11 1 1
. . . , l 1
The tests described in this report were conducted at 0.5 1 1 1 -
. different times of the year. A brief summary of the .l- I- I ; 1
' temperature and humidity data collected by means of gm ' 1 ,1
~ the recording instrument, prev10usly mentioned, during % l .1 I 1 1
the tests on the four tracks is presented in table 3. E 0.3 1 ,1 11
‘ The behaVior of the materials under test was Judged 8 1 11
1] on the basis Of the appearance of the sections at various E 0 2 11 1
10 stages of the tests supplemented by measurements of 3 1111111
51 vertical displacement of the surface. The measure- 3 [,1 ‘ 1 11
11 ments were made With the transverse and longitudinal : °" 7 ’1 ,1
. . . . , 1 1,
11 profilometers which have been described in the preVIous 0 £///J , 111
11 reports 07 111) _ 33 1 :1
N “#140 m 1
0 TABLE 3.—Summary of weather data III :3 Q; .9 III §§ II. 1 1; ;1
a s we: 3 u- . :3 ‘-
‘ W 06 a.” a 8722—2 :5 ‘ 11 1
Track Track Track T act: 3 N =_ "D 2 "’8 m <4 .1 ,“‘ 1
No.1 No.2 No.3 Nro.4 é .9 12; a E ég E III 9% II. 1111?
M.-.___-————#———-———_———__— 1 0.5 an s ass—s. . as 5 . 1.11:1
id . 5 2 E‘ E 3 535 t—Z =4” "’ IE 1“ '1
Dateconstructed"...._....i..-...-.._.. 1—15—36 10-19-36 4-12-37 10-8—37 2 n: 1; D g 55 LL N 9 5 1 fl 1
ig Endoftest1......——..._—-t.—_—--_—--——-—-- 10—12-36 4~3—37 0—11-37 4-2—38 {(3 5 3 g 3 1:; E a 1 11 1
d' ma 'mum emperoture 4 0.4 "— ' w ‘ .4, 2 21
Average my in 1 t or" 83.3 51.0 75.2 52.1 9*; i E E £3718 3 g 1 I l 1 1
— d ' inimum em era lire n w oz :2 111
Average mm D °F__ 62.1 32.0 51.7 31.9 :g E g E E E g 11 1“" .
Maximum recorded temperature..._° F.. 101 81 03 86 g 0‘3 :5 s r” E r; g 1 '111:
1' Minimum recorded temperature...” F.. 42 16 32 16 E E g 3 1 111 11
1‘ Greatest change in 24 hours: > J I q 4 ,1 1111.
1 From F.. 101 69 03 74 g 02 g V A 3, 1 11111
I To..° F.. 67 31 42 29 a: E "A E 1 111 1
—- Average daily maximum relative hu- “>4 ’ g ,1 111 ;|
marry“.___.______.__._.__..percenri 88.4 81.0 84.0 82.8 < 4 a 3 1 1;: 1
9.8 Average daily minimum relative hu- 0| 1'2 2‘ ,/ 1 <1 1
9.3 may..__...a_1.__1..,..1..0.11.19..." 35.8 31.0 26.0 39.. may, 3 WI... .11,
B. ' e ative unii 1 y , ‘ _ 1‘1 ‘ 1,‘ 1
111 Maximum recor re 1 percent... 94 93 92 93 0 fi“ l -gd‘ 1 1‘1 1
9-0 Minimumrammed“31'6“!”humldlty 1 14 9 0 so 100 :50 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 3111 1
81 Greatest change in 24 hours: percen " 9 6 AMOUNT or TRAFFIC -THOUSANDS or warrurmps 11_1;1=
9'5 From...__.-_..i._.......-..percent._ 90 90 92 92 1.11. 1 1
3‘1 Todo 14 10 9 8 FIGURE 2.-—SURFACE DISPLACEMENTS or SECTIONS or TRACK 1 1.1111 1
326 f ‘ AT VARIOUS STAGES OF THE Trim. {1111‘
l‘ h ' .
“-0 . . . . . . . 1 1.11
31 The resilstance to raveling of the various materlals general With the amount of vertical displacement 1111
3.1 when tested Without the protective surface treatment measured With the transverse profilometer. 1'31 '1
' was Judged primarily by_v18ua1 observation. Np close Changes in behav1or of the various sections under 11 1.
.III correlation could be obtained between vertical displace- altered test conditions are clearly shown by abrupt :1 1:11
:3: meat and the time raveling started because the c0_n- changes in the slopes of the displacement curves In 111.
: crete curbs prevented much of the loosened material figure 2 for track 1 and in subsequent figures for tracks 1 1
from being thrown off the surface. During the portion 2, 3, and 4. ' 111
“‘ of the test period in which water was sprinkled on the Track 1: Calcium chloride admixture—The schedule 1’; 11
1111 surface, increasmg rates of vertical dlsplacement were of traffic applications and changes 111 water elevation 1’1
11,. observed in some instances even though during this With notations on the behavror of the five test sections ' 1; 1
ms stage the surface was generally well bonded and in good of track 1 are given in table 4.1 111“ 1 1
condition. Figure 2 shows the combined eflect of consolidation 111,111 1
1d, An average vertical displacement of about 0.25 inch, and loss of surface material as measured by the trans— 1 1 .
measured after the sections had been surface treated verse profilometer for the periodup to 151,200 wheel- 111 r
1rd and subjected to the action of concentrated traffic, was trips during which time the sections were being tested 111‘ ‘_
observed to be sufiiCient to. cause noticeable damage to under distributed traffic, Without bituminous surfaces. 111 1 1
101 the bituminous surface. Tlus is in agreement With con- It also shows, for the period from 171,200 Wheel—trips 111 11 1
50 clusmns reached in preVious investigations usmg the to the end of the test, the displacements of the sections 1,§11 1
1111 same apparatus. Numerically, the amount of rutting as measured With both profilometers while testing under 111111 1
measured With the longitudinal profilometer agreed in concentrated traffic, With bituminous surfaces. 11111 1
. .1
Jill ,111 "2
nd TABLE 4.—Schedule of operations and behavior of test sections in track 1 with calcium chloride 1111111
' “M ,1 1 1 :
1‘11 :1
Water Behavior 11111 1:
T level ___-————____’_____.____——————-——— 11111111
Operation Traffic above .11‘ 11
top of 11,” 11
)115 sub- Sec. 1 Sec. 2 Sec. 3 Sec. 4 Sec. 5 1 111 11
bed . _____h_______ ______ if: __,___ ____ ____ _______ #_ 1'11 11
0'95 _ . 111 11.
5’ . Wheel-trips Inches 1 .41: 11‘
red P1301113andcompacting.___..__.___._.___ Oto 18,200 10 Unstable.........._. Good_._._. Good...___ Good____._..._.____,__._ Good. 1 311' 111
‘1‘0' TeStlnE Wlth distributed traffic_____..___. 18,200 to 38,200 2% Slightly unstable... __,__do____. _,_i_do_____ _____doi_...______________ Slight raveling. 1 £111 1‘,
Do 38,200ro 58,200 % Good____.-_..____._. __.__do_____ _____do_____ .do. Raveled. . .111
a0 Do 58,200t0118,200 10 _dow__-.-_-__..____.do...-______do_____ Siightravelingnuunu Do. 1 1 ‘ 11,1111
Sprinklmg and testing with distributed 118,200 to 151,200 10 Slightly unstable.-_.. .__._do_____ i____do_.__. Good during sprinkling, Good during sprinkling, 1" 1 11
V05 traflic. some raveiing later. ravelediatcr. ', ‘11
118,13 Ogipicting bituminous surface troat- 151,200t0171.200 10 Good___.._-.._____.. _____do_____ _____do_____ Good___-_________...____ Good. '1 11111
11 . j ,1 ‘
ion Testing with concentrated traflic____..___ 171,200 to 2II,200 1A do _-___do_.__. _.___do___._ do Do. 1 1111
D0.......____________________________ 211,200 to 261,200 2% _i___do.______-_____._ _____do___,_ _____do_____ ._,_ .do_____.__,______._.. Do. 1111 "
D0-..._...._.__.._i_______________.-_ 7261,200to 298.500 5 ____.do__..__..__.-________do_._._ .,___do__.__ Slightlyunstab1e___..__. Unstable. 1 11‘ 1
\_____-___________________________________———— 1 1:,
11114"
1No water in sub-base. 1 « ri‘.
IWheel loads increased from 800 to 1,000 pounds at 295,000 wheel-trips. 11:1 .
1.
. ,1, 1 v
.11“ 1,
, . 11

 W , W ‘ 5 ii:_:__ mLHEE‘E’E"E7EAN”EE-J E
”LL _. ‘ QEEEE’ E E E E E
O" , ,r -7 .-~‘ "M ‘ VOLQO NILE] Novembe‘
‘f E l. ,,,,W77T—:“ " /
E ‘t E. J 777 7L \ /‘
“EEHEIEEE E 1E. D S #AWL “."ii . .
; E1 EEEE ~ ' P UB L I CLEEEfTe E H Lowm-a the cmLof EEELES Aftte
_ EEE . ”fir—41:5":“J'T’Ei ‘ . water 1111 ‘17 ., . _ d for sectlon . 0 the at
E ‘i E E 176 LL~-T”““":EE:; E E E - '} ted each lucremel‘ftOE‘M hours was {LCELEEEeer 151:20
3-1 EVE . , W7L 7-7::- etnl under mm?” in phase 9ft1“;t.°S(.E1‘app1icaLion 0* ,f‘,aLE-101E)]1e:1rbhecente‘“ Durlné
if r E E E - c, of the surface 111 35 000 wheel-tllps ‘_ Lmnsmlt it #141] Et‘ 11311 [1-011] mph >ng I water (118,200 of surf
E ElE“ l‘0Osmlmbfirst noted at agputlmhjinv the lowest Pair sampleS ‘