xt7bvq2s7f0x https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7bvq2s7f0x/data/mets.xml Lexington, Ky. University of Kentucky 1979 1980 The University of Kentucky Gradute Schools course catalogs contain bound volumes dating from 1926 through 2005. After 2005, the course catalogs ceased to be printed and became available online only. course catalogs English University of Kentucky Copyright retained by the University of Kentucky. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. University of Kentucky Graduate School course catalogs University of Kentucky Graduate School Bulletin, 1979-1980 text University of Kentucky Graduate School Bulletin, 1979-1980 1979 1979 1980 2020 true xt7bvq2s7f0x section xt7bvq2s7f0x WIIIVeI‘sity , I A ~ g‘Ken tacky (Bulletin \ TheGIaduateSchool 1979.30 _ Contents Calendar ............................................ 3 The Graduate School .................................... 6 Degree Requirements .................................... 27 Programs and Directors of Graduate Studies ..................... 32 The Graduate School Programs ............................. 34 Course Listings by Semesters; .............................. 86 Index .................................... Inside back cover 1979 FALL SEMESTER June 15—Friday— Deadline for applying for admission or readmission to The Graduate School for the 1979 Fall Semester August 27—Monday— Registration for new stuv dents August 28—Tuesday—Centralized add-drop for Advance Registered Students August 29——Wednesday— Class work begins August 29-September 5—Wednesday through Wednesday—Late registration for return- ing students who did not advance register and new applicants cleared late for admis- sion. A 320 late fee is assessed students who register late. September 3—Monday— Labor Day (Academic Holiday) September 5—Wednesday— Last day to enter an organized class for the Fall Semester September 5—Wednesday— Last day to of- ficially withdraw from the University and receive an 80 percent refund September lZ—Wednesday—Last day for pay- 1980 SPRING SEMESTER January l4—Monday—Registration for new students January lS—Tuesday—Centralized add-drop for advance registered students January 16-—-Wednesday—Class work begins January 16-22—Wedncsday through Tues- day— Late registration for returning stu~ dents who did not advance register and new applicants cleared for late admission. A 320 late fee is assessed students who register late. January 22—Tuesday— Last day to enter an or» ganized class for Spring Semester January 22—Tuesday—Last day to officially withdraw from the University and receive an 80 percent refund January 29—Tuesday— Last day for payment of registration fees in order to avoid cancellation of registration January 29—Tuesday—Last day for new stu- dents to pick up ID cards from Billings and Collections in order to avoid replacement fee February 7—Thursday— Last day for reinstate- Calendar ment of registration fees in order to avoid cancellation of registration September l2—Wednesday—Last day for new students to pick up ID cards from Billings and Collections in order to avoid replace- ment fee September 21—Friday—Last day for reinstate- ment of students cancelled for non-pay- ment of registration fees. Required payment of registration fees plus $50 rein- statement fee. September 27—Thursday—Last day for filing an application for a December degree in College Dean's office October 3—Wednesday-Last day to drop a course without it appearing on student's transcript October 3—Wednesday— Last day to change from credit to audit or from audit to credit October 22—Monday—Last day to drop a course October 22—Monday—Last day to withdraw from the University or reduce course sched- ule and receive any refund October 29—Monday—Last day to pay the- sis/ dissertation fees for a December degree in Billings and Collections office ment of students cancelled for non-pay- ment of registration fees. Requires pay- ment of registration fees plus $50 rein- statement fee. February l4—Thursday— Last day for filing an application for a May degree in College Dean's office February lS—Monday—Last day to change from credit to audit or from audit to credit February lS—Monday—Last day to drop a course without it appearing on the stu- dent's transcript March 7—Friday— Last day to drop a course March 7—Friday—Last day to withdraw from the University or reduce course schedule and receive any refund March l4—Friday— Last day to pay thesis/dis- sertation fees for a May degree in Billings and Collections office March l7-22—Monday through Saturday— Spring vacation (Academic Holidays) April l—Tuesday— Last day to apply to Gradu- ate Admissions Office for admission and readmission for all 1980 Summer Sessions April lO—Thursday—Last day to schedule a final examination in The Graduate School for candidates for May 1980 degree April l4-23—Monday through Wednesday— October Sl—Wednesday— Deadline for ap- plying for admission or readmission to The Graduate School for the 1980 Spring Sem- ester November lZ—Zl—Monday through Wednes- day— Advance registration for 1980 Spring Semester November 2l—Wednesday— Last day to schedule a final examination in The Grad— uate School for candidates for a December 1979 degree November 22-24—Thursday through Satur- day—Thanksgiving Holidays (Academic Holidays) December 5—Wednesday—Last day to sit for a final examination for candidates for a De- cember 1979 degree December lB—Thursday— End of class work December 15-20—Saturday through Thurs- day — Final Examinations December 20—Thursday— Last day to submit a thesis/dissertation to The Graduate School for candidates for a December 1979 degree December 20—Thursday— End of Fall Semester December 24—Monday— Final deadline for submission of grades to the Registrar's Of- fice, 9 a.m. Advance registration for 1980 Fall Semes- ter and both Summer Sessions April 24—Thursday— Last day to sit for a final examination for candidates for a May 1980 degree April 30—Wednesday—Last day for Kentucky Teachers to submit all required documents to the Graduate Admissions Office for ad- mission and readmission to all 1980 Sum- mer Sessions April 30—Wednesday— Last day to submit dissertation to The Graduate School for doctoral candidates who wish to receive a diploma at Commencement May 2—Friday— End of class work May 5-9—Monday through Friday—Final Ex- aminations May 9—Friday—Last day to submit thesis/dis- sertation to The Graduate School for can- didates for a May 1980 degree May 9—Friday— End of 1980 Spring Semester May lO—Saturday— Commencement Day May l2—Monday—Final deadline for submis~ sion of grades to the Registrar's Office, 4 p.m. June l5—Sunday— Last day to apply to the Graduate Admissions Office for admission and readmission to the 1980 Fall Semester. 1980 FOUR-WEEK INTERSESSION April l—Tuesday—Last day to apply to the Graduate Admissions Office for admission and readmission to all 1980 Summer Ses- sions April 30—Wednesday—Last day for Kentucky Teachers to submit all required documents to the Graduate Admissions Office for ad— mission and readmission to all 1980 Sum- mer Sessions May l2—Monday— Registration May lS—Tuesday— Class work begins 1980 EIGHT-WEEK SUMMER SESSION April 1—Tuesday~ Last day to apply to the Graduate Admissions Office for admission and readmission to all 1980 Summer Ses- sions April 30—Wednesday— Last day for Kentucky Teachers to submit all required documents to the Graduate Admissions Office for ad— mission and readmission to all l980 Summer Sessions June ll—Wednesday— Registration June lZ—Thursday — Class work begins June l2-lG—Thursday through Monday— Late registration for returning students who did not advance register and new applicants cleared late for admission. A 520 late fee is assessed students who register late June 15—Sunday~ Last day to apply to the Graduate Admissions Office for admission and readmission to the 1980 Fall Semester May lS-lG—Tuesday through Friday— Late registration for returning students who did not advance register and new applicants cleared late for admissions A 320 late fee is assessed students who register late. May lfi—Friday— Last day to enter an orga- nized class for the Four-Week lntersession May lfi—Friday— Last day to officially with< draw from the University and receive an 80 percent refund May Zl—Wednesday—Last day to drop a course without a grade May Zl—Wednesday— Last day to change from credit to audit or from audit to credit May 26—Monday— Memorial Day (Academic Holiday) May 27—Tuesday— Last day to drop a course May 27—Tuesday— Last day to withdraw from June IG—Monday—Last day to enter an orga- nized class for the 1980 Eight-Week Sum- mer Session June lG—Monday—Last day to officially with- draw from the University and receive an 80 percent refund June 25—Wednesday—Last day to pay regis- tration fees in order to avoid cancellation of registration June 26—Thursday—Last day for filing an ap- plication for an August degree in College Dean's office June 30—Monday— Last day to change from credit to audit or from audit to credit June 30—Monday— Last day to drop a course without it appearing on the student's trans- cript July 4—Friday— Independence Day (Academic Holiday) July 7—Monday— Last day for reinstatement of students cancelled for nonpayment of reg- istration fees Requires payment of regis— tration fees plus $50 reinstatement fee. Note: For Graduation and Diploma information see pages 14 and 15. the University or reduce course schedule and receive any refund May 27-—Tuesday— Last day to pay registration fees in order to avoid cancellation of regis- tration June 5—Thursday—Last day for reinstatement of students cancelled for non-payment of registration fees. Requires payment of reg» istration fees plus $50 reinstatement fee. June lO—Tuesday— Final Examinations June lO—Tuesday- End of Four-Week lnter- session June 13—Friday—Final deadline for submis- sion of grades to the Registrar's Office, 12 noon. June l5—Sunday— Last day to apply to the Graduate Admissions Office for admission and readmission to the 1980 Fall Semester July ll—Friday—Last day to pay thesis/disser- tation fees for an August degree in Billings and Collections office July ll—Friday— Last day to drop a course July ll—Friday— Last day to withdraw from the University or reduce course schedule and receive any refund July l7—Thursday— Last day to schedule a final examination in The Graduate School for candidates for an August 1980 degree July 31—Thursday—Last day to sit for a final examination for candidates for an August 1980 degree August 7—Thursday—Last day to submit the- sis/ dissertation to The Graduate School for candidates for an August 1980 degree August 7—Thursday— Final Examinations August 7—Thursday—End of Eight»Week Ses- sion August ll—Monday— Final deadline for sub- mission of grades to the Registrar's Office. l2 noon schedule gistration l of regis- itatement ymeht of nt of reg- 1: fee. )5 :k Inter- submis- rffice, 12 y to the imission :mester i/disser- Billings [T36 w from chedule :dulc a School egree a final August ii: the- 100] for re as ek Ses- ‘OtisJA Sizigleim? Pfi-D- " i ,, sub. V'Pr‘esident’bf,the,UniYer$i$Y' Office. ‘ '2, WlmberlyCROYSter PhangaD-éan‘ _ , Ragga ¢.,,',~;,aw;9,;s.s;w.; Imaciat‘e Dean , ea fibre“ Jar®,f‘p_fi;n,;‘;IASsociateDean The University of Kentucky began offering graduate work in 1870 and awarded its first graduate degrees in 1876. The Graduate School became a distinct unit in the University organization in 1912. The Graduate School is concerned with advanced study, graduate instruction and research conducted by the fac- ulty and students of all colleges and departments. The total graduate resources of the University are merged under it for the purpose of promoting the acquisition of knowledge in an atmosphere of free and lively inquiry. Graduate work is offered in most colleges in the Univer- sity. A general description and tabulation of courses for each of the various programs is given in the Graduate School Programs section of this bulletin. The Academic Common Market Kentucky is a participating state in The Academic Com- mon Market, an interstate agreement among Southern states for sharing academic programs. Students who quali- fy for admission may enroll in a specific program in an- other A.C.M. state on an in-state tuition basis. At present, the agreement has been limited to unusual graduate pro- grams. For information write to: Southern Regional Ed- ucation Board, 130 Sixth Street N.W., Atlanta, Georgi 30318. Degrees Conferred Doctor of Philosophy Offered in following fields: Agricultural Economics Higher Education and Social Agricultural Engineering and Philosophical Studies Anatomy History Animal Sciences Mathematics Anthropology Mechanical Engineering Biology Metallurgical Engineering Biochemistry and Materials Science Chemical Engineering Microbiology Chemical Physics Musicology Chemistry Pharmaceutical Sciences Civil Engineering Pharmacology Crop Science Diplomacy and International Physics and Astronomy Physiology and Biophysics Commerce Plant Pathology Economics Plant Physiology Educational Psychology Political Science Electrical Engineering Psychology Engineering Mechanics Sociology English Soil Science Entomology Spanish French Statistics Geography Toxicology Geology Veterinary Science Germanic Languages The Graduate School Master of Arts Offered in following fields: Anthropology Art Classical Languages Communications Diplomacy Economics English French Geography German Master of Science History Library Science Mathematics Music Philosophy Political Science Psychology Sociology Spanish Theatre A rts Offered in following fields: Anatomy Agricultural Economics Animal Sciences Biochemistry Biology Chemistry Computer Science Crop Science Economics Entomology Geology Mathematics Microbiology Pharmacology Pharmaceutical Science Physics Physiology and Biophysics Health, Physical Education, Recreation Plant Pathology Plant Physiology Psychology Soil Science Statistics Toxicology Veterinary Science Master of Science in Agriculture Offered in following fields: Agricultural Economics Animal Sciences Crop Science Entomology Forestry Other Degrees Doctor of Business Admin- istration Doctor of Education Doctor of Musical Arts in Music Teaching Master of Arts in Education Master of Science in Education Master of Business Admin- istration Master of Fine Arts Master of Music Master of Public Administration Master of Science in Accounting Master of Science in Agri- cultural Engineering Horticulture Plant Pathology Sociology Soil Science Master of Science in Chem- ical Engineering Master of Science in Civil Engineering Master of Science in Clinical Nutrition Master of Science in Dentis~ try with Specialty in Orthodontics Master of Science in Elec- trical Engineering Master of Science in Engi- neering Mechanics Master of Science in Home Economics Master of Science in Library Science Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering Master of Science in Nursing Master of Science in Radio- logical Health — Specialty Master in Civil Engineering Master of Social Work Specialist in Education Master of Science in Me- chanical Engineering Master of Science in Medical Radiation Dosimetry Master of Science in Metal- lurgical Engineering Master of Science in Mining Engineering Organization of The Graduate School The Graduate Faculty consists of the Dean of The Graduate School and all persons appointed thereto by the President of the University. As the chief University agency for the promotion of the ideals of graduate study, it deter- mines the policies of The Graduate School and makes rec- ommendations to the University Senate and to the Presi— dent, or to other administrative officials as appropriate. All rules affecting graduate work and the inauguration of new graduate programs must be approved by the Graduate Faculty. Any proposed change in the rules of The Graduate F ac- ulty must be included in the agenda of the meeting and circulated to the Graduate Faculty at least 10 days prior to the meeting at which it is to be considered. New Graduate Faculty members may be proposed to the Dean of The Graduate School at any time by the college deans and department chairmen concerned, or in the case of persons not attached to a college faculty, by the Vice President for Academic Affairs of the University. Eligibili- ty qualifications are as follows: 1. The doctor’s degree or its equivalent in scholarly repu- tation. 2. The rank of assistant professor (or equivalent), or higher. 3. Scholarly maturity and professional productivity as demonstrated by publications, editorial services, re- search surveys, creative work, or patents; and research in progress at the time of appointment. 4. Definite interest in graduate work and the willingness to participate in the graduate program. Appointment to the Graduate Faculty is made by the President of the University on nomination by the Dean of The Graduate School after the Dean and the Graduate Council have studied the credentials submitted in support of the proposed members. Associate members of the Graduate Faculty are ap- pointed by the Dean. of The Graduate School. Administrative officers assigning teaching and other duties to members of the Graduate Faculty who are taking an active part in the graduate program (i.e., are heavily engaged in directing theses, carrying on productive research, etc.) should make appropriate reduction in the duties required of such faculty members. The Role of the Dean The Dean of The Graduate School is charged with the administration of the policies adopted by the Graduate Faculty and the University Senate relating to graduate studies. The Dean presides over all meetings of the Grad- uate Faculty and calls meetings of this faculty whenever it is advisable or whenever requested to do so by one-fourth of the membership. Recommendations are made by the Dean to the Graduate Faculty respecting the requirements for advanced degrees, the regulations necessary to insure a high standard of graduate work, and all other aspects of the graduate program. The graduate programs are admin- istered in the interest of efficient instruction and the high- est attainment possible on the part of each graduate stu— dent and students are advised with regard to their studies and the requirements of The Graduate School. The Dean is responsible for determining and certifying to the Regis- trar candidates who have fulfilled requirements for ad- vanced degrees. The President, Vice President for Academic Affairs, and the Dean of the Graduate School are members ex of- ficio of all committees of the Graduate Faculty. The Graduate Council The Graduate Council is composed of 14 members and the Dean of The Graduate School, who is chairman. There are 10 elected faculty representatives and two faculty members appointed by the Dean of The Graduate School. One of the elected members is from the College of Agri- culture, three from the College of Arts and Sciences and Fine Arts, one from the College of Business and Econom- ics, two from the College of Education, one from the Col- lege of Engineering, one from the College of Medicine and one from the combined Colleges of Allied Health, Com- munications, Home Economics, Library Science, Nursing, and Social Professions. The member or members from each of these colleges are elected by the Graduate Faculty members in that college. Two graduate student members are selected by the Council from a panel of four submitted by the Graduate and Professional Student Association. The term of office of the elected and appointed members is three years, and that of the graduate students is one year. Members may not succeed themselves until three years have elapsed since the completion of their last term. The Graduate Council approves or disapproves propos— als concerning courses offered for graduate credit, and ad- vises and lends assistance to the Dean in executing the pol- icies and regulations determined by the Graduate Faculty. Specifically, the Council: 1. Studies requests of departments relating to proposed gradu- ate programs. 2. Reviews existing programs and courses. 3. In cooperation with the Dean, initiates recommendations to the Graduate Faculty. (This procedure is not intended to prevent a faculty member from bringing any recommenda- tion or request directly before the Graduate Faculty.) The Graduate Council has such authority as is herein granted, or such as the Dean or the Graduate Faculty may delegate to it. A majority of the Graduate Council consti- tutes a quorum for the transaction of business. Directors of Graduate Studies A Director of Graduate Studies serves as program ad- viser to each student until the student has a thesis director. The Director of Graduate Studies then recommends that the thesis director be appointed the student‘s adviser or committee chairman. In areas where theses are not re- quired, the Director of Graduate Studies is the adviser for all students not writing theses. All student schedules must be endorsed by the student’s adviser. If it is desirable, a Director of Graduate Studies may rec- ommend that additional advisers in the area be appointed. A Director of Graduate Studies who is to be absent from the University for as long as a semester must call this fact to the attention of the Dean so that a substitute may be ap- pointed. The Dean of The Graduate School, with the advice of the college dean(s) and the approval of the President, may recommend to the Graduate Faculty the areas of graduate study and research into which the University may be di- vided. (The logical unit for an area is a department. By common consent, however, certain departments may be grouped into an area; and in exceptional cases a depart- ment may be divded into two or more areas.) The Direc- tors of Graduate Studies for the various areas are ap- pointed by the Dean of The Graduate School. Establishment and Modification of Graduate Programs An area which wishes to establish a new graduate pro- gram or modify an existing one must submit its program to the Graduate Council, which will make recommendation concerning it to the Graduate Faculty. Student Responsibility It is the student’s responsibility to be informed concern- ing all regulations and procedures required by the course of study being pursued. In no case will a regulation be waived or an exception granted because a student pleads ignorance of the regulation or asserts that information was not presented by advisers or other authorities. Therefore, the student should become familiar with The Graduate School Bulletin, including (1) the section presenting the re- quirements for degrees and (2) the departmental offerings and requirements. The Director of Graduate Studies in the students’ major program should be consulted concerning course require- ments, any deficiencies, the planning of a program, and special regulations. Departments may have degree require- ments that are not listed in the Bulletin. It is to be noted that the Graduate Dean interprets the Graduate Bulletin. Only the Graduate Council may waive requirements stated in this Bulletin. Admission An applicant for admission to the University shall not be discriminated against because of race, color, religion, sex, marital status, or national origin. Students seeking admission to the University of Kentuc- ky Graduate School must hold a baccalaureate degree from a fully accredited institution of higher learning. An overall undergraduate grade-point average of 2.5 and 3.0 on all graduate work is required by The Graduate School. Individual departments may require higher grade-point averages. All applicants for admission to degree programs in The Graduate School must submit scores on the verbal and quantitative portions of the Graduate Record Examina- tion. (See Provisional Admission.) The College of Business and Economics may substitute the Graduate Management Admission Test for M.B.A., D.B.A. and Accounting stu- dents. The Medical College Admission Test or the Dental College Admission Test may be substituted with the ap- proval of the program concerned. Application forms can be obtained by writing: Applications and all supporting documents must be sub- mitted by the stated deadline (See Calendar). It should be clearly understood that graduate students may not be able to begin immediately a full graduate pro- gram leading to the degree they desire; it may be necessary for them to satisfy prerequisites which they omitted in their undergraduate curriculum. Deficiencies are determined by the program in which the major work is to be done. Or- dinarily, graduate students may begin a full program in any field in which they have a balanced undergraduate major or its equivalent. Admission to The Graduate School entitles students to take such courses as they desire, provided they have the necessary prerequisites. However, students are not candi- dates for graduate degrees until they have been Admitted to Candidacy. Attendance in The Graduate School at the University of Kentucky is not a right. It is a privilege which may be with- drawn by the University or any area of graduate study if it is deemed necessary by the Dean of The Graduate School in order to safeguard the University’s standards. Provisional Admission Students wishing to pursue a higher degree who are tem- porarily ineligible for regular graduate admission status may be recommended by the Director of Graduate Studies for provisional admission status for one or more of the fol- lowing reasons: 1. Missing transcripts or other requirements for admis- sion such as letters of recommendation; 2. Temporary waiver of the Graduate Record Examina- tion; Deficiencies determined by the program; 4. Temporary ineligibility for regular admission status ()3 r11 d 3.0 hool. point 1 The and nina- iiness ment : stu- ental ? ap- sub- ents pro- sary heir ned Or- 1 in late 5 to the zdzl ted y of ith- .f it 001 tus .ies "ole because program only reviews applications once a year; 5. Graduating University of Kentucky seniors lacking no more than six hours for graduation; the consent of the college dean and the Dean of the Graduate School and approval of the Director of Graduate Studies are ne< cessary. The student may take no more than 12 credit hours and must complete the undergraduate degree during the semester in which they enroll in the provi- sional status. Provisional status is allowed for a maximum of one se- mester or up to 12 hours after which the work will be re- viewed, and, within 30 days into the following semester, and on recommendation of the Director of Graduate Studies, the status will be moved automatically from provi- sional to regular program status, or removed from the pro- visional status entirely. Health Service For information, contact University Health Service, Stu- dent Health—Family Practice Building (Medical Center, Annex 4) across Rose Street from the Medical Center. Housing Graduate Student Housing Apartments are available for both single and married graduate students. For information write to Student Hous- ing, Cooperstown, Building C. Off-Campus Housing In an effort to assist students who desire to locate non- University housing, the Dean of Students Office maintains an unsolicited listing of rooms, apartments, and houses submitted by any interested lessor in the Lexington com- munity. The University neither inspects nor approves any of this rental property. Therefore, the off-campus housing list is in no way “authorized" by the University, but merely is maintained for the students benefit. The only University requirement for listing is that the prospective landlord sign a statement of nondiscrimination on the basis of race, religion, creed, or national origin as provided by law. This list can be obtained from Room 575 Patterson Office Tower. Also, students who have housing and wish to locate a roommate may contact this office. Food Services The campus has four cafeterias with a total seating ca- pacity of 2,950. Students may eat at Blazer Hall, Donovan Hall, the Complex Commons Cafeteria, or the Student Center. The K-Lair Grille, and the Grille in the Complex Commons are short-order facilities open during peak rush hours and in the evenings. All of these facilities are owned and operated by the University. Foreign Applicants All non—U.S. citizens, except permanent residents of the U.S., should request the Application Form for Foreign Students. Applicants must have excellent grades and rank in the top quarter of their classes. To be considered for en- try as a graduate student an applicant must have had four years of university level work. Indian students: (a first class record is normally expected although high second class holders in non-science areas may be considered if they can offer further evidence of having been in at least the top 10 percent of their graduating class). When credentials are submitted in support of any appli- cation, they should be either the original documents or certified copies (i.e., copies certified as “true copies" by a notary public or a United States Embassy official). An of- ficial translation must be attached to these records if they are in a language other than English. Credentials should include a record of all degrees earned, detailing all sub- jects taken and grades obtained. Grades must be listed in the indigenous system. Applications will not be considered without official scores on the verbal and quantitative portions of the Grad- uate Record Examination (GRE). Business and Account- ing applicants must substitute the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) for the GRE. If the Graduate Record Examination or the Graduate Management Ad- missions Test have not been taken write to the Educational Testing Service. Write Box 955, Princeton, NJ 08540, or Box 1502, Los Angeles, CA 95701, for information con- cerning the appropriate examination. The tests are admin« istered five times throughout the year and test scores gener— ally require six weeks for delivery. It is important, there- fore, that the applicant take the appropriate test well in advance of the application deadline in order to allow ample time for scores to be received in this office. English Proficiency Requirement: The University of Kentucky requires a score of 550 on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) of all applicants whose native language is not English. The test is given four times each year. To register you must obtain the TOEFL Bulletin, which includes a registration form. Bulletins are available in many locations outside the U.S., usually at American embassies and consulates, offices of the United States In- tercultural Communications Agency (ICA), United States educational commissions and foundations, bi-national centers, and many private organizations such as the Insti- tute of International Educational (IIE), African American Institute (AAI), America-Mideast Educational and Train- ing Services, Inc. (AMIDEAST), and American Kor-Asian Foundation. Candidates who plan to take TOEFL in any countries identified below must obtain a copy of the Bulletin from, and must register through, the agency that is responsible for that country or region. All countries in Europe (including Cyprus, Great Britain, Ireland, and Iceland): CITO Postbus 1034 Arnhem 6000, Netherlands 2. All countries in the Middle Eas