xt7c599z0j9k https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7c599z0j9k/data/mets.xml Spalding, M.J. (Martin John), 1810-1872. 1865  books b92-259-31825301 English J. Murphy, : Baltimore : Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Catholic Church Doctrines Catholic authors. Catholic Church Controversial literature Catholic authors. Lectures on the evidences of catholicity  : delivered in the cathedral of Louisville. text Lectures on the evidences of catholicity  : delivered in the cathedral of Louisville. 1865 2002 true xt7c599z0j9k section xt7c599z0j9k 
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  LECTURES ON THE EVIDENCES OF CATHOLtKITY1
                      Third Revised Edition.
     BY THE MOST REV. M. J. SPALDING, D.D.
                 ARCHBISHOP OF BALTIMORE.
  FROM THE PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION.-These Lectures, delivered a few
years ago in the Cathedral of Louisville, were intended to exhibit, in a plain
and straight forward manner, the principal Evidences of the Catholic Church.
They are now again offered to the public in a third edition, with the hope that
some sincere and candid souls, now wandering amidst the mazes of hereditary
error, may be led back by the perusal of them to thle bosom of the true Church,
from Which their fathers in an evil hour separated, to follow after the devices
of their ow it hearts.
  To every lover of the Christianl Religion, it must be apparent, on sufficient
examination, that the Evidences which sustain Catholicity, are substantially
identical wvith those which establislh Christianity itself. The scope of these
Lectures is to establish this identity.
  The uncertainty of all human things, never perhaps more strikingly illus-
trated than by the present urbhappy condition of our own beloved country,
should lead all men to lift their eves toward heaven, and make them think
seriously and inquire diligently eoncerning the Divinely appointed pathway
which leadeth. thereto. Time is short, eternity never ending; and "what
dotli it profit a mao, if he gain the whole world, and LOSE HIS OWN SOUL "
While in the religious world all has become unsettled, by the devices of wicked
leaders '"lIving ii wait to deceive," and causing tnen "1 to be tossed to and fro
by every wind of doctrine," and in the political and social world all is short-
lived, and withal very unstable and uncertain, we may well adopt the lan-
guage and use the tender invitation of Gods plaintive Prophet: " Stand ye
in the ways, and see, and ask for THE OLD PATIhS, which is the good way, and
walk ye in it, and vou shall find refreshment for your souls." Jeremiah vi: 16.
  Under these circumstances, a third edition of these Lectures is deemed
opportune to the times. The Catholic Church, which for eighteen centuries
has nobly battled against all forms of error, and which has consistently sus-
tained Christianity amidst all the vicissitudes of human affairs, has surely a
right to have her claims diligently investigated by every lover of the truth,
especially by those who have been taught from childhood to protest against
her doctrines and institutions. She knows no concealment; she courts in-
quiry, and is wvilling to abide its result. All that she asks is, that her princi-
ples should be correctly represented, and her claims to be the true Church of
Christ be fairly and impartially weighed. She demands no more than this,
and surely she could not ask less.
BALTItfons, Feast of St. Martin, 1S64.
      The following Tborks, written, and edited by ARcHBissIOP SPALDING, are
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SPALDING'S H14STOP.Y OF THE PROTESTANT REFOR MATION.
ONE HJiUNDRED SHORT SERNIONS.     LIFE OF BISHOP FLAGET.
                Bisiiop DAVID'S SPIRITUAL RERTZAT.
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THE MONTH OF MARY, for the Use of Ecclesiastics.
                   TRANSLATED FROM THE FrExNCH1.
          AllPR'OIATION OF THE MOST IREV. Anr. Sr'XLI .
              - Wp" have examined, and "1ws" cordially approve the publica-
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            I5ALT!MOI of, FEAST   u PU" TA rt  ARTIN J. SPALDING,
 B.LTIYrF, Fr,,,  or Tt,,R PURIFICATION   
     Of TueS BLKS.SEO l IRGIN, 1865.            Archbishop of Baltimore.
  F'uov TIIF PrtgF AcE.-This little Work, in honor of the " Immaculate Queen
of the Clergy," has been alrea(ly heralded y)v, at least, six editions in French
and it is the privilege of the first English one, to have a claim to the patron-
age of a Prelate. who has been an ornament as weil as a model in the Catholie
hierarchly on this Continent.
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own hand. i translation of this '1 Month of Mtary," immediately after its first
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  Thus recommended, lhe confidently ollers to the Ecclesin'wtie, of this country.
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asking of all those who will make use of it, to pour fGr tii a daily prayer, that
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 THE LOVE OF RELIGIOUS PERFECTION;

          Or, low to Awaken, Increase, and Preserve it in the religious Soul.
       FROM   THE LATIN OF FATHER JOSEPH             BAYMA, S. J.
           WIoLL Tax APPROBATION OF TRZ 3oSaT REv. ARCHBISHOP SPALDING.
                  From the Preface to the American Edition.
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 the Imitation of C;hrist, and the Spiritual Combat which have helped to en-
 lighten and encourage thousands on their way to our only true home, you
 may open this little book at almost any chapter, and find something to turn
 your thoughts heavenward; to raise your heart to God, to purify its affections,
 to warn you against the deceitfulness of Sin, and the allurements of the world
 in the I idst of wbich we live, and Inust, nevertheless, by all means, work cut
 our Salvation. 'Be ye perfect, even as your heavenly Father is perfect,"
 said our divine Redeemer to the multitudes who followed Him. And of these.
 where was the greater number to live and die, but in the midst of the same
 cares, distractions, temptations, dangers that fill up our every day life: Tule
 general state of society was moreover very much the same for thenm as it is
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 and by nearly every kind of public calamities.
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             LECTURES


                     ON THE



Q!S idetars .0 " ath-011414g;



ttdiberb in ttc   atbeburd of    2ouisbillt,




     BY M. J. SPALDING, D.In.
           1h  I S r .  , r I  B A T I I M' 1:



      But prove all things; hold that which is good."
                             I. 'TljcIs. v: 21.
      "Jesus Christ yesterday, to-day, and the name for ever."
                             IIEIItEwS Xlll: .



       TllRD EDITION, REVISED AND ENLAIRGED.










              BALTIMORE:
 I' U B 1.1 S 1I E D B Y J O U N AM u R P 11 Yh & C O .
        LOUIBSILLE... WEBB & LEvERING.
                   1865.

 





























     Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S57, by
                 WEBB & LEVERING,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Kentucky.

 











T O



      ALL TIME LOVERS OF CHRIST,


WHO SEEK TO SAVE THEIR IMMORTAL SOULS,


             BY ATTAINING TO A


      KNOWLEDGE OF THE TRUTH,


  A xI1) OBEYING ITS TEACHINGS,



          'ttst fedturts


    ARE AFFECTIO.NATELIY DEDICATED,


                          By the Author.



LoutSVILLE, Ky.,
   FEAST OF ST. ALFONSO .IGUORI, 1657.

 This page in the original text is blank.

 










PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION.



   TiiE following Lectures, delivered a few years ago in the
Cathedral of Louisville, were intended to exhibit, in a plain and
straightforward manner, the principal Evidences of the Catholic
Church. They are now again offered to the public in a third
edition, with the hope that some sincere and candid souls, now
wandering amidst the mazes of hereditary error, may be led back
by the perusal of them to the bosom of the true Church, from
which their fathers in an evil hour separated, to follow after the
devices of their own hearts.
  To every lover of the Christian Religion it must be apparent,
on sufficient examination, that the Evidences which sustain
Catholicity are substantially identical with those which establish
Christianity itself. The scope of these Lectures is to establish
this identity. . In point of fact, Catholicity and Christianity were
the same thing during the first fifteen centuries of the Christian
era; and to every one who will carefully and candidly examine
the question in all its bearings, it must become manifest that this
identity has continued down to our own day, and that it will
continue to the end of time.
  The uncertainty of all human things, never perhaps more strik-
ingly illustrated than by the present unhappy condition of our own
beloved country, should lead all men to lift their eyes towards heaven,
and make them think seriously and inquire diligently concerning the
divinely appointed pathway which leadeth thereto. Time is short,
                                                        (v)

 


PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION.



eternity never ending; and " what doth it profit a man, if he gain
the whole world, and LOSE HIS OWN SOUL "     While in the
religious world all has become unsettled, by the devices of wicked
leaders " lying in wait to deceive," and causing men " to be tossed
to and fro by every wind of doctrine," and in the political and
social world all is short-lived, and withal very unstable and uncer-
tain, we may well adopt the language and use the tender invitation
of God's plaintive Prophet: " Stand ye in the ways, and see, and
ask for THE OLD PATHS, which is the good way, and walk ye in it,
and-you shall find refreshment for your souls."  Jeremiah vi. 16.
  Under these circumstances, a third edition of these Lectures is
deemed opportune to the times. The Catholic Church, which for
eighteen centuries has nobly battled against all forms of error, and
which has consistently sustained Christianity amidst all the vicis-
itudes of human affairs, has surely a right to have her claims
diligently investigated by every lover of the truth, especially by
those who have been taught from childhood to protest against her
doctrines and institutions. She knows no concealmente; she courts
inquiry, and is willing to abide its result. All that she asks is,
that her principles should be correctly represented, and her claims
to be the true Church of Christ be fairly and impartially weighed.
She demands no more than this, and surely she could not ask less.



BALTIMOnE, Feast of St. Martin, 1864.



Vi

 













                     CONTENTS.







PREFACB.....                                                   1


                  LECTURE I.-INTRODUCTORY.
          ON RELIGIOtS INQUIRY-ITS OBLIGATION AND DUTIEU.
Words of Christ explained-A command and a promise-Both universal in
  their aplication-Religious Inquiry-Its obligation-Whence it arises-
  Reli;iJos indilference-Its absurdity-and manifold evils-Latitudi-
  nariaijisin-Exclusive salvation-Sectarianism-What are its causes-
  aund how is it to be remedied -The principles which should guide Re-
  ligious Inquiry-and the spirit which should pervade it-Freedom from
  prejutlice-ilumility-Persevering prayer-Fenelon-Recapitulation and
  prayer.................. . ... 13


                           LECTURE II.
         THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION-ITS NATURE AND ATTRIBUTES.
God earnestly desires the salvation of all mankind-And has provided
  piffioient means of salvation for all-His goodness and mercy-Grace and
  free- , ill- hv some are saved and others lost-Saving truth-Contained
  in the Relig-ion of Christ-State of the world before its establishment-
  Pagran philosophy powerless-Man a slave-Freed only by the Christian
  Religion-Its nature, properties. and objects-Theory of fundamental and
  non tinladmental doctrines-Christianity rests on a fact--Sunmmary evi-
  deneps of this fact--Leading characteristics of the Christian Religion-
  Four great gniding principles developed-Will heathens be saved- Re-
  calitullation-The Church-Its nature, office, and purpose-Object of
  these Lectures-Importance of the investigation-Prayer. . . .  31


                           LECTURE III.
  TIHE APOSTOLIC COMMISSION-THE RULE Of FAITH-THE FIRST EVIDENCA
                          OF CATHOLICITY.
The Comnmission-Its general scope-Its objects most difficult of attainment
  -its four distinctive elt,.iacteristies-It embraces two things-The argu-
  ment stated-Its positions evolved-Division of the subject-The inquiry
                                                     (Vii!

 





  narrowed down to a simple question of fact-The Rule of Faith-The
  Protestant and Catholic Rules stated-Strong presumptive evidence
  against the former-Its positive difficulties-She scriptural arguments in
  its favor examined-A popular theory exploded-The Inspiration, canon,
  version, and interpretation of the Bible-What is faith -Can an act of
  faith be made consistently with the Protestant Rule-The vicious
  circle-Scriptural proofs of the Catholic Rule-Both rules tested by the
  four great principles laid down in the previous Lecture-Recapitulation
  -The conclusion reached-THE FIRST EVIDENCE OF CATrOLICITY.   . 55


                             LECTURE IV.

  THE APOSTOLIC COMMISSION-ITS FULFILLMENT-THE SECOND EVIDENCE
                           OF CATHOLICITY.

The argument stated-Two facts to be proved-The first fact-Summary
  history of Protestant Missionary Societies-Their estimated income-
  Number of Bibles and Tracts published-Nunmber of converts made-
  Paucity of result-Dr. Wiseman-The American Board-The mission at
  the Sandwich Islands examined-And that of Oregon-Reasons for the
  failure of Protestant missions -The great cause of this failure-Catholic
  missions-A cavil met-The conversion of the world progressive-Con-
  versions of nations during the early ages-An objection answered-
  Progressive conversion of the Northmen-Missions of the middle ages-
  And of the sixteenth century-Reaction of the reformation-The losses
  through it more than retrieved by Catholic missions-Modern Catholic
  missions-Great leading feature of Catholic missions of every age-
  Reflection-Parallelism-The conclusion reached-The second evidence
  of Catholicity.......... ...... .                          . .   91


                            LECTURE V.

            MIRACLES-TEE THIRD EVIDENCE OF CATHOLICITY.
Text explained-Miracles a sure criterion of truth-Various definitions of
  a miracle-Those of Hume and Locke exploded-That of Bishop Hay
  adopted-How to distinguish a true miracle-Four principles to guide
  us-The issue between Catholics and Protestants-Has the age of mir-
  acles ceased -Objections and cavils met-Presumptive evidence for the
  continuation of miracles-Positive evidence-The testimony on the sub-
  ject sifted-And found to possess all the characteristics of truth-The
  process for the canonization of saints analyzed-Its slowness and extreme
  rigor-Incident-Miracles of St. Francis Xavier examined and vindicated
  -Objections against them answered-The argument resumed-Con-
  clusion-Third evidence of Catholicity.. . . . . . . . .          131


                            LECTURE VI.

     CATTIOLICITY AND UNITY-THE FOURTH EVIDENCB OF CATHOLICITY.

Recapitulation-The truth plain-But often obscured by passion and preju-
  dice-Necessity for distinctive characteristics or marks of the true Church



viii



CONSTENTS.

 






-Their qualities developed-Those assigned by Protestants examined-
  The Church visible-Her marks palpable-Those of Catholicity and
  Unity inferred from the words of the Commission-Each of them three-
  fold-That of Catholicity established by the prophecies of the Old and
  the testimonies of the New Testament-Unity essentially connected with
  Catholicity-Application of these marks as tests of the true Church-
  The question simplified-A popular objection answered-Relative ex-
  tension and numbers of the Catholic Church and of all dissenting
  communions-The tree and its branches-Religious statistics--Test of
  Uniity-No Unity out of the Church-Sumber of Protestant se;cts-Di-
  visions and sub-dlivisions-A  necessary consequence of the Protestant
  Rule of Faith-A quibble answered-General council of Protestant sects
  -And one of the Catholic Church-A picture of Catholic Unity-The
  College of Propaganda-The conclusion reached-The fourth eviience of
  the Church-Striking facts of early Church history-The Church of all
  ages and of all nations.. . . . . . . . .        . . . . .      164


                           LECTURE VII.

             SANCTITY-THE FIFTH EVIDENCE OF CATHOLICrTY.

The Nicene Creed-Holiness a mark of the true Church-In what it consists
  -It does not excdude scandals-Scriptural evidence-Holiness applied as
  a test-Tendency of distinctive Protestant doctrines-Standard of Holi-
  ness among Protestants-Their ascetical works-Care for the poor-The
  fashionable church-Picture of a Protestant church-And worship-Reli-
  gious instruction-Protestant sacraments-The "holy sabbath"-Influerice
  of private interpretation, justification by faith alone, predestination, and
  other doctrines-Aversion to mortification-Practical fruits of Holiness-
  Protestant saints-Character of the Reformers- Moral and religious con-
  dition of Protestant countries-Statistical facts-Catholic standard of
  Holiness-Influence of Catholic doctrines-Morals-Worship--Ard sacra-
  ments-Every want of man amply provided for-Objection from imputed
  immoralitv-St Augustine's answer-The Roman Pontiffls-Excommuni-
  cating sinners-Mfereiful spirit of the Church-Treasures of ancient Sanc-
  titv-Modern C'atholic saints-Love for the poor-Hospitals and asylums
  -Heroic charitv-Protestant and Catholic missionaries compared-A
  tacit tribute to Catholic Sanctity-Sisters of Charity-Conclusion-Fifth
  evidence of Catholicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194


                           LECTURE VIII.

     APOSTOLICAL ANTIQUITY-THE SIXTH EVIDENCE OF CATHOLICITY.

Text from Jeremiah explained-Appropriateness of its warning to our own
  times-A divided Christianity-Its evils deplored-The remedy left by
  Christ-The mark of Apostolicity unfolded-And applied as a test of the
  true Church-The Greek and oriental churches-The argument stated-
  A cavil-Autiquity of Protestantism-Theory of an invisible Church-
  Its manifold absurdities-Sleeping witnesses-Theory of a regular succes-
  sion of dissenters from Rome examined-A heterogeneous ancestry-A
  striking coincidence-Theory founded on the assumption that Protestant-
  ism is the Religion of the Bible-The illustration from washing the face-



ix



CONTE!NTSI.

 





The age of Protestantism filly settled-Apostolical antiquity of Catho-
licity e ;thli lhed by historical facts-The line of Roman Pontiffs-The
unbroken  nccessiou-Tertullian and St. iren eus-lther ancient father3
  -(bjeetions answered-Macaulay's testimony-The aliegation that the
  ( Ctholic Church chanrged the original doctrine disproved-The dark ages
  -Specifi(atiolns called for-Mlotto of the early Church-Mr. Ilallam and
  the counn il of Trent-The origin of the Greek sehism-Doctrines of the
  present Greek church-The promises of Christ-The conclusion-The
  sixth evidence of Catholicity.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 229


                           LECTURE IX.

INFALLIBILITY OF THE CHURCH-THE SEVENTH EVIDENCE OF CATHOLICITY.

Text explained-Importance of the principle it involves-Doctrine of Infal-
  libility-What it is not-What it is-Popuilar objections solved-The seat
  of Intifllibility-The Pope arid a general council-Councils of Constance
  and Basle-Can manv fallibles make an infalli'l-e-The (hbrge of rea-
  soning in a vicioU.s cirele answered-And retorted-The whole question
  depends upon a kict-'re suwnptive evidence in proof of this fact-Four
  great principles applied to its elucidation-The Apostolic age-Infalli-
  bility in possession at its close-Positive evidence-The promises of Christ
  addressed to St. Peter-And to the other Apostles-Testinmony and rea-
  soning of St. Paul-The spotless Bride of the Lamb-St. Cyprian-Re-
  capitulation-The seventh evidence of Catholicity-St. Chrysostom and
  St. Augustine-Conclusion.2.1..........                   . . . 2G1


                            LECTURE X.

TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS OF THE CHURCH - THE EIGHTH EVIDENCE OF
                             CATHOLICITY.

Two Scriptural texts applied to the Church-Her early trials-The perseru-
  tions-Incient slanders and mobs-The cross of Constantine-The tri-
  umph of the Church-fler conflict with ancient heresy-Tire heretics of
  the first three centuries-Hfistorical sketch of Arianisnm-The northern
  invasions-Condition of the Church during and after them-Pagan and
  Christian Rorme-The Crescent and the Cross-Allegled darkness arid cor-
  ruption of the middle ages-Scandals-The great schism of the west-
  The reformation-Its violent action and sudden reaction-Macaulav-A
  parallel between the history of Arianism and that of Protestantisnm-The
  French revolution-The test of Gamaliel applied-The indestructible
  Church-Eighth evidence of Catholicity . . . . . . . . . . 292


                            LECTURE XI.

CHURCH GOVERNMENT-THE PRIMACY-THE NINTH EVIDENCE OF CATHOl.lCITY.

Recapitulation of previous Lectures-The power of the Christian ministry
  threefold-The governingr power in the Chmurch also threefold-The latter
  established by presumptive evidence-An objection answeredI-Origrin of
  this power divine-Its fountain not the people-Scriptural proofs-Not
  personal to the Apostles-Organization of Church government settled by



:t



CONTENTS.

 





  Christ-Bishops, priests, and deacons-Scriptural testimonies-Those of
  some early fathers-The Argument stated-And developed-The Pri-
  macy-Three propositions laid down-The first of these established-
  Primacy of St. Peter-Objections met-The precedent set under the oil
  law-Reasoning from analogy-And from the nature and ohjects of the
  Church-Positive proofs from the New Testament-Minor vircumstanceR
  and incidents-The promise of the Primacy-The rock and the keys-
  Conlirming the brethren-The promise redeemed by Christ-Feeding the
  lambs and the sheep-Recapitulation-The argument resumed-And con-
  tinued to the next Lecture.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .3


                           LECTURE XII.

CHURCH GOVERNMENT-THE P4PXrY-THE NINTH EVIDENCE OF CATHOLICITY
                            (CONCLUDED).
The Roman Church-Tts early fame-Recapitulation of preceding Lectire
  -Thie second proposition stated and proved-The third proposition-Al-
  readly virtually admitted by our opponents-A cloud of witnesses-Why
  R1omle was selected as the seat of the Primacy-St. Peter at Rome, anld
  tirst Flomuan bishop-The chair of Peter-The Roman episcopacy and
  Prinmacv not intcompatible-The alleged silence of the New Testament-
  Rtoman Pontiffs always viewed by Christian antiquity as the successors of
  St. Peter-The testimony of the first three centuries-The cases of Popes
  St. Victor and St. Stephen-The ancient patriarchates-The first eight.
  general councils-The sixth canon of Nice-The Isidorian Decretals-
  Testimonies of ancient Greek and Latin fathers-The opponents of the
  Papacy, ancient and modern-Alleged abuses of the Papacy-Its uncom-
  promising character-The charge of persecution-Balancing accounts-
  Temporal power of the Popes-Their prohibiting divorces and rebuking
  powerful tyrants-Charge that the Papa,-y is despotic repelled-The
  nature of Church Government under the Papacy-Appeals to prejudice
  and passion-The true issue-Recapitulation-The Ninth Evidence of Ca-
  tholicity-A fuller definition of the Church . . . . . . . . . 351


                          LECTURE XIII.

                        SIX OTHER EVIDENCES.

Recapitulation-Other evidences-Whence did Protestants derive the
  Bible -A special providence to a