xt7c599z1q2r https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7c599z1q2r/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1942 journals kaes_circulars_003_381 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 381 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 381 1942 2014 true xt7c599z1q2r section xt7c599z1q2r 1 .
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{rug? UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
Acts
M CUHSQQ oi Agriculture and Home ECOn0miC$ 1
Agricultural Extension Service
Thomas P. Cooper, Dean and Director I

 l`()Ll1
CONTENTS
weee
goor
Page part
and
MAKING A NEW LAWN ......................... 3 not
SELECTING GRASS FOR THE LAWN .......,.... 5 I
prot
SEEDING THE LAWN .......................... 7 and
R und
SODDING .........................,.......,.,... . gms}
CARE OF THE NEW LAWN ..,............,..... 9 CHU)
oper
CARE OF THE OLD LAWN ...................... 11 is m
Hou
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT LAWNS .... 12 of K
C
tion
(lil`(`lll2ll` BSI (mlm
or m
Lake
{This r"/rrr:/ur is :1 rz*z*i.s‘irn: of (i[}`('l(](l}` 276) grass
poses
ezirry
grzuk
nlzuio
wlienv
fixed.
l<·\‘<·l;
THE COVER: A good well-kept lawn is one of the main in ml
attractions of a good-looking place. White Dutch Clover, show- www
ing in this lawn, is an excellent companion crop for bluegrasS» ll
for it makes the turf heavier and helps create favorable SON M 5
conditions for the bluegrass. licll
on th

 Planting and Care of the Lawn
l By N. R. Ei.1.1o’t‘t‘
.—\ good lawn, well kept, is indispensable to attractive home sur-
roundings. The lawn is the setting for the home; if it is rough,
weedy and poorly kept, the home will never appear attractive. A
good lawn not only enhances the beauty of the home setting, but it
partly makes up for lack of shrubs and trees. An abundance of shrubs
and trees, no matter how well selected and beautifully trimmed, will
not remove the blemish of an unkept lawn.
Nature alone, except in the most favorable circumstances, cannot
produce and maintain a lawn that will be a constant source of pride
and pleasure. Making and maintaining a good lawn requires work,
and many dilliculties such as weeds, bare spots, trees robbing the
grass ol moisture and plant food and injuring it by shading, will be
encountered. On account of the hot, frequently dry summers, and
open, snowless winters in Kentucky, the maintenance of a good lawn
is more difficult than in some other sections of the United States.
However, in spite of these conditions, it is possible, in most sections
of Kentucky, to have a good lawn.
MAKING A NEW LAWN
Grading.- Establishing a satisfactory grade is the hrst considera-
tion in making a new lawn. Often, when a new home is built, the
owner is so anxious to get something growing on the lawn that little
or no time is given the question of grading. This practice is a mis-
take for a proper grade is a basic requirement for the best crop of i
§l`?i$$· The slope or grade of the lawn should serve two mlllll [DUT- l
poses; first, it should be pleasing to the eye. and second, it should
carry the water away from the house and off the lawn. In making the
grade, two fixed levels usually are to be considered: one at the foun-
dation of the house, and the other at the drive. curb, or the place
_ _ where the front yard fence will be located. \\’ith these two levels
fixed, the lawn can be graded so that it is smooth. but not necessarily
level; in fact. there should always be some slope from the house, and
in most places the lawn should slope considerably to blend into the
iprropntfing area. lf possible, avoid terraces or abrupt changes in
it sopt. lot they are not only dtfhcult to construct. but by their
WYY lliiilife they dry ont go gagily that during the SllI'HlllCl` lliC §l`il$$
on them often becomes brown and sometimes dies.
3

 »l lixruustow Cmcucrxk No. 381
i
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 ness.-·;:;.·;<¤%*:f.»’$¤*Iat:t=·=Q   . . :— -   -/’-   >··.;. .v
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This lawn has a very pleasing grade that leads up to the home. After the trees
and shrubs are grown this should be a beautiful place. A ne
up tt
foum
Drainage.- \/Vet soil is not satislactory [or growing grass on thc
lawn because the dense, hbrous roots of lawn grasses will decay when
. . . Olll
subject to an excess of moisture. The wet so1l may be caused byil P
. . . . . . reset
subsoil that does not drain, or by surlace water from the adjoining
_ . . . . V rottc
area. Ihe cause ol the trouble will determine the remedy; lor er
. . . . as w
ample, tile drainage w1ll correct the subsoil, and the grade or slopv glu I
ol the lawn will largely take care of the surlace water. The tile should de  
. . . . J
be installed belore the grading is completed. gl I I
. . . . . . _ at
Soil.- ln building a new home, the subsotl lrom the cellar oll<3n md
. . , . V ¢
ts spread over the lawn area. lh1s soil is not good lor making A mo
. . . . . . . — u
lawn until 1t has been treated. Il possible, it is much better to remtnv md
` l
the top soil from the lawn area, pile tt nearby until the grad11l¥ new
has been linished, then in the {mal grading return it to the lawn I" pam
become the seed bed. Kentucky bluegrass should have a good, l`crlil<’ fum]
soil, Your to six inches deep, that drains well and is in good pl1§‘5l¤”i'l
condition. ll it is necessary to use the soil from the cellar, it should
be tested to determine the need for lime, phosphate and potash. ll
these nutrients are needed they should be applied in liberal amounlvt K
Blugrass prefers a soil that is neutral to slightly geirl, rather than lt"` F
one that is highly alkaline; therefore, too much lime should lll mimi
V avoided. By applying 1,000 pounds of superphosphate and 500 tcmls

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Piswriuc Ann Came or ma Lsww 5
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`·f···’ ’ l —·_.  J i/· ‘ A i ·:*i   
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V;-ees ‘ ·’   · ,     V _·     jg   __
A new lawn that was well graded before it was seeded. Notice how it is graded
up to the walk and away from the house. This means. the water runs from the
foundation of the house and from the walk.
thc
hw . . . . . .
· pounds of tnurtate of Jotash to the acre, it is Josstble to build u Z1
ty it l l
mw l`€$€l`\’C supply oi these plant nutrients. A heavy application ol well
s . . . .
V totted barn lard manure, tf available, should be a 1 Jhed to add humus
cx l l
Opti HS well HS plant food. The manure, superphosphate and potash Call
mm all be applied at the same time and turned under by plowing to 21
depth of six to eight inches. This should be done just before the Hnal
[ICU gmdlllg l$ ¢*‘ um.
grass for shady places. S0 I
Wood bluegrass (Poa nemoralis).- This flat. low-growing, u<>¤‘ at
creeping grass is added sometimes to grass mixtures for shady pl8<`<‘*· Sm;
It is not used so much as meadow grass. wil
lt is very diflicult to recommend a grass for shady places. l)iffl‘¤`C'“

   i
f   " 
i
  Y
i fm.-mrmt: ami Cam; or ·rma Laws 7
Dum y degrees of shade must be taken into consideration. A place may be
ih if i V somewhat shaded and still be suitable for growing grass, or a place
*P is A may be so densely shaded that no grass could be made to grow. The
f variety of the tree producing the shade is another determining factor;
1`OUP j for instance, maple (water maple, or soft maple) trees make condi-
well   tions very unfavorable for grass.
tions
bw SEEDING THE LAWN
Used i There are two seasons of the year to sow grass seed in Kentucky;
EIOW one in February, March and early April, the other in late August
Owlh and early September. The August or September seeding is much the
[L It better of the two, in spite of the fact that many people still sow grass
d bc seed in the spring. Bluegrass seed sown in the late summer or early
blue fall has time to germinate and get some growth before winter. The
moth additional growth made in the spring and early summer enables it
to withstand the hot, dry weather of _]uly and August. \\’hen sown
wml in the spring, it does not have suflicient time to reach that maturity /
S mc V llf’\ Cl should always be sown in the spring, late l*Cl>l`ll2ll`)’ 0I`
iriglil A (lil; l` I
C lm. Hlivlgfllilt of seed to sow.— At least 4 pounds of the grass seed
y bw · · Wllltl be sown ro each l,t)()() square feet of surface. This
amount of seed is necessary to produce a good covering of the ground
Y mm.    llrllllci“'T ounces per l,Oo(l square feet. These seeds are so
with {hom 3) [   Till tivo or three times   much. sand should be nllXCtl
{arent ` ab lf) SCL 21 UIUYC even distribution. After the seed is

 8 Extrmtsrou Ctizcumrz No. 381  
sown, rake it in lightly, using a garden rake. Then roll with a roller l
weighing 250 to 400 pounds. lf a roller is not available, use a tamper  
made by fastening an upright handle in the center of a two-inchl
plank about 10 by 18 inches. It is very important that the seed shoultl f
be brought in contact with the soil for satisf`actory germination. For  
this reason, go over the area at least twice with the roller or tamper.  
Kind of seed to use.- Good, high-grade seeds (of the various;
kinds) are the only ones to sow on the lawn. Altho bluegrass sectli
that weighs only 14 pounds to the bushel can be sold under the law. f
it is not recommended. Seed that weighs 21 pounds or over, even ifi
it does cost a little more per pound, is much better. Moreover, thai
Experiment Station label should show the germination and the num-i
ber of noxious weed seeds. The germination should be 80 to 9Ul
percent, and the number of noxious weed seeds should be exceedingly  
small. In general, it will be best to buy all seeds that are to be sowrrf
on the lawn from a reliable seedsman rather than from a dealer wharf
sells packaged seeds merely as a side line.  
Nurse crops.- If the newly made lawn area slopes, it may bri
advisable to sow a quick-germinating nurse crop to prevent soil wash-§ 4 H,
ing. Annual italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is widely used firj g°
a nurse crop for bluegrass. Oats and barley also are sometimes usctli,
however, most home owners prefer the ryegrass. Regardless of tht Of
kind of nurse crop used, the lawn should be seeded lightly with il. lh
one—half to one pound for each 1,000 square feet. The nurse t`t`0|¤ M
should be added after the lawn has been seeded and given the firmly M
raking, but before it is rolled or tamped. If a nurse crop is usttlf m
cut it about 4 inches high with a scythe or sickle to prevent reseedingt
SODDING
X*Vhere good sod is available, sodding is the quickest way t0 flfl PH
a stand of grass on a new lawn. If the sod is bought, it is more eX|>€1l‘_ [U
sive than seeding, but in some cases it is more desirable. Ter1`H€f" is
or banks can be sodded without any risk of the soil washing. Bart
spots that for some reason did not get a stand of grass, can be cov€1‘€'i SQ,
and made to look as good as other parts. 4 th,
BCfOl`C lllC sod is placed, prepare the soil just the same HS f*’l· lk
seeding. Use care in getting sod that is free from weeds and uud<‘$l" as
able wild grasses. Cut the sod two inches thick and in strips on<‘·f<"‘i mj
wide and two—feet long. Roll the strips before transporting to 1l“ mz
lawn. Lay the strips of sod as soon after cutting as possible. Fit lll at
edges together closely. and beat the sod down with a tamper <>1` l’i“l

 7 ;,  ` , 
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l PLANTING AND CARE or rm; LAWN 9 l
`oller   .»,_.g{  g {Qt 4,;,,1p `
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to 90 Q     ea,-   §g;jj_g¤ xg · L     »
· . ,2%% ·.     ‘.-     5+ ,V-,‘ I t ' ° 3:  ’ `··
hugh . K k   ..   ,_...L.., it . ._ __ 3 Xe.
sown , ~   r~  * ·· —
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1   ,I‘, ,ste;,·  ;v‘·»,; · `’’‘.   yn a ,P»<   t
[  
  t        ,  5 
ay b€    —»   ’~. =~ ur.: ~ +, ’v·>,‘t.·r:a2¢~<¤  »—§s_ »·»t   ·  ».:·~=·».wa ‘=`·:?»:¤‘1·¤‘>l•—'~ s vruw- t..t-~»·=··...—.~
W2l5ll· Here the trees are located to the sides leaving the front lawn open. Notice the
ted HS good sod. This creates a very pleasing setting for the home.
usctkt
yl the . . . .
_ I _l l ol Z1 Spade. Do tl11s as tl1e str1ps are put down. Ftll tl1e Craeks between
tt 1 l. . . . .
the S[l`ll)S ol sod w1tl1 good so1l, and water thoroly. As soon as the
* CTO]; . . . .
[_ lll IlCWly placed sod 1S dry, roll or beat 1t down Hgéllll. Do not ])€l`lllll
e 1111 . . .
All Il€W SOtl to suH`er lor water the Hrst year. As a rule, 1t W1ll be best
usct. z .
1, l Um to CUL the grass on new sod durmg the first year.
et tug. ,
A · CARE OF THE NEW LAWN
cl OUCH illC HOW law!] is neglected after lt llilS l)CCll (T2l1`Cl`llll}’ ]>l`C·
to “ , ,, _ . . . . _
"n Pdlill Zlllil seeded or so(lde(l_ This is a ]]]lSlIll{C, for the $01] IHUSL l)C
gx )C ‘ 1 . . ·
l F-, fed, the surface rolled, weeds kept out and tl1e grass cut, 1f the lawn
Ig ln IS to duelop m the proper lT13IlIl€1`.
tt . . _
;Cd‘— F€€d1¤g.— It the new lawn has been made lll the Sllll`lll`lCl` Zllltl
)vC` ¤ .. t _ , . _ . .
: stcdtd Ol sodded 1n late August or September, 1t should be fed lll
me UW lute lall or early winte1·_ WVell·rotte(l eow manure Zlp])llC(l lll €2U`l}'
as - . . t , - ,
‘ 1 giw D€£r IS exeellenp Tqbagtgq stalks, placed on the lawn HS $0011
M C, .' · . X ‘ _ . »
[wl *15 lllC l0l)IlC(.() has been str1I)l)e(l, and lellt there lllllll lll€ l|l`$l OY
te-< ' . · , __ . . . .
l mtddlt ol Match, furntsh a hberal amount of )lZlIll llllll`lCllIS 111 a
U) [lll: ]~(..l   _ I - _ I . ·
vt tht { ·‘( I } le lm`111, Sulfate of antmonta or l]ll]`ZllC ol Sflilil 2|])])llC(l
*| · q . t, _ » · , . .
Imp ‘l llli ldlt ol lour t() {we ])()11n(ls Per l_O()(l SqU2|l`C l(?Cl Wlll $U]’])ll`

 l0 Exrizxsiox Cirtcumiz No. 381 j
nitrogen. Select a time just before a rain, to apply either of these  
materials, or if water is available, wash in with the hose. These ma- .  
terials can be mixed with soil or sand to get a more even distribution.
Add one gallon of soil or sand to two pounds of either the sulfate
or nitrate. If the lawn has been made and seeded in the spring, the _
nitrate or sulfate should be used after the young grass is about one or t
two inches tall. lf the new lawn has been sodded in the spring it 5
will be best not to use either of these nitrogen-carrying fertilizers. ,‘
Rolling.- The lawn should be rolled each spring to press the §
grass roots loosened by freezing, back into the soil and to smooth its /=
surface. A hand roller from 300 to 350 pounds weight is recommended.
Use of a heavier roller tends to make the soil hard. Use the roller in
the spring just as soon as the soil is firtn enough to support it. Large g
areas can be rolled with a farm roller, but in this case the soil must l
be dryer than when a hand roller is used. I
Weeds.- By all means keep the weeds out of the new lawn. This  
may require hand weeding but it pays. Dandelion, narrow—leal` and S  
broad-leaf plantain, dock and crabgrass are especially troublesome. j  
These weeds grow more rapidly than the young grass and remove i left:
much moisture and plant food needed by the grass. They can be I
held in check if they are kept from producing seed. It is an excellent j
practice to scatter a little good bluegrass seed where weeds have been j
pulled or dug. By keeping the weeds controlled, a good sod will   '
soon develop. j that
Clipping the grass.- Do not be in a hurry to cut the young grass j stan
on a newly made lawn. Let the grass grow until it is Hve or six inches   nun
tall and begins to fall over, before cutting. Cut it at least 2% inches l pear
tall; 3 inches would be better. \tVhen a lawnmower cannot be set t0 follt
cut the grass at this height, use a sharp sickle or scythe. Keep the grasi (
clipped. hecaused repeated cutting encourages the spreading of the by ft
plants and hastens the development of a good sod. The frequency of desii
mowing will depend entirely on the rate of growth of the grass. l)tn‘· fill z
ing dry, hot weather cut the grass less frequently and never less than ;_ seed
two and a half inches high. The clippings can be left on the lawn B tinu
when the grass is cut regularly. These clippings form a mulch anti . fall
conserve moisture, and in decaying they add some plant nutrients: , satis
however. during long wet spells they may cause molding that is not 3 gras>
good for the grass. This is especially true il` the lawn is shaded. ff ll . *>l’¢t,;T¤’?·? Y1 ‘ . ·15i‘V &     v€‘~` 'L Z   i    F Z  ';;‘¢¤·i‘ T5  V i ’ ' Z` .· · ·` ~
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mc   Some lawns have so many trees in them that it is impossible to have grass.
‘ y _ Usually on such lawns some of the trees can be removed and still have enou h
` 1 ft d h h d 1 g
ove _ e an at t e same time ave goo grass on the awn.
be
lem
CARE OF THE OLD LAWN
~C(’ll .
will y There are many old lawns that have deteriorated to such an extent
that ll is almost impossible to renew them. In many if not most in-
rass stances the poor condition of the lawn is due to a deficiency of plant
zhes y nutrients. In lawns where the bluegrass has practically all disap-
zhes   peared, the easiest method is to treat the area as a new lawn and
t to _ follow instructions given in the preceding pages.
rasi Old bluegrass sod on neglected lawns sometimes may be improved
the j hy lertilmng, rolling, reseeding and regular clipping. \\'eeds and un-
y ol _ desirable grasses should be dug up and destroyed, fresh soil added to
)ur- g lull any depressions, and the entire lawn reseeded heavily with good
han   seed. Il it is possible, sta1Vt this clean—up campaign in the spring, con-
HVI;   A ;lTll'<` ll llll`ll the summer, reseed in September, and lierlillle lll ll1C
. l ' · _ t ~ ` ., ` — ·
ant ? 21. soon altct the inst lrost. H his process should l`CSl()l`C the lawn
nts. 2 mq l(.U>lll}. Il the old god IS regtsonably good, [WO ])OlIll(lS ol l)lU€‘
ntll E 2;;** md pct l,()(l() square [eet of surface should be stllhflelll. OUCH
' Q Ut z V · · Y. · , . · · ·
ll it E lmns have some bare spots ol various sizes; they may be sodded
·l [()·~i ‘·1 `·. ' , ·" ‘ _ »
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X ”Z [ 1 · w1tl`
Terraces are difficult to build and maintain and should be omitted wherever [hg
possible. L
.»
[or two or three years to use the roller two or three times each spring will
or until the rough places have been leveled. ' f pcm
The neglected lawn should never be clipped close in mid-sun1mC11 of rj
[or such clipping will leave the grass crowns exposed to the hot $111* ` rapi.
Such exposure may kill much o[ the grass. o[ b
. . . g .
Sat1s[actory lawns are the product of the combined ll'l[lLlCllC€$ Ol; inch
proper soil, drainage, plenty ol` good seed and a liberal amount all to tl
plant [ood. Good lawns do not just happen; they require constnm; the
care. 1 port
Q a s 11
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT LAWNS g mlm
E _ ¢
1. uestion: Ho