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      “        PART I· AGALLIINAE
     ‘     ’
  -. =   ~ I. ·—   IDIOCERINAE AND
»•"né°·s1NAE
BY PA UL H. FRE ymc
L·` ·   · ·»   I-
UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY I
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
Department of Entomology
Lexington
PROGRESS REPORT 223

 
 CONTENTS
i Page
i Introduction ............................. 5
' Key to the Subfamilies of Eastern North America Cicadellidae ....... 6
Subfamily Agallinae .......................... 7
E Key to the Eastern Genera of Agalliinae ................ 7
G Agalliopsis Kirkaldy ..................... 7
Key to the Subgenera of Agl1Ui0PSiS and the species
for the Kentucky area ................. 7
Acemtagallia Kirkaldy .................... 1 ()
Key to the species of Acemtagallia for the
Kentucky area .................... 1()
Agallia Curtis ....................... 14
V Key to the species of Agallia for the Kentucky area ..... 14
Subfamily Idiocerinae .......................... 1 7
Idiocerus Lewis ...................... 1 7
Key to the species of Idiocerus for the Kentucky area .... 17
Subfamily Macrop sinae ......................... 34
` - Key to the Eastem Genera of Macropsinae ............... . 34
Oncopsis Burmeister .................... 34
Key to the species of Oncopsis for the Kentucky area .... 34
Nanopsis Freytag ..................... 39
Macropsis Lewis ...................... 41
Key to the species of Macropsis for the Kentucky area .... 41
Selected References .......................... 6 3 V
-3-

 
 . THE LEAF HOPPERS OF KENTUCKY
l . PARTI: AGALLIINAE, IDIOCERINAE AND MACROPSINAE
BYPA UL H. FREYTAG
This is the first of several projected publica- dorsal view of a typical specimen. Information on
tions on the leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) which occur food or host plants and parasites is included. The
in Kentucky or might be found in the state by known distribution for each species is given by the
being known from a bordering state. This part use of two maps, one showing the distribution by
covers the subfamilies Agalliinae, Idiocerinae, and state for the eastem states and the other showing
Macropsinae all of which have the ocelli on the the distribution by county for the state of Ken-
face. Akey to all subfamilies is included. tucky. Even though the species_ has not been
In each subfamily a key is included to identi- collected in the state, a map is included for future
fy genera (and described subgenera). Also, a key to distribution records.
species is included under each genus. These keys The species of the three included subfamilies
t are illustrated where possible or necessary. Each are triple the number recorded by Young (1949) in
species included is described and illustrated by a his preliminary list of Kentucky leafhoppers.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS V
The author thanks the following persons for
the loan of their institutions’ specimens used in
this study:   P. Kramer, United States National
Museum; C. A. Triplehom and D. M. DeLong, Ohio
State University; and C. V. Covell, jr., University
of Louisville. These collections, with the University
of Kentucky collection, contained the majority of
the Kentucky records. These same museums and
‘ others in this country have also been helpful in
providing specimens which fill in records from
other eastern states.
» Also, thanks are given Dr. Kramer for reading V
the manuscript and making many helpful sugges-
tions.
-5-

 KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN CICADELLIDAE (
[Modified from Oman (1949)] ’
1. Epistemum entirely exposed, or with the anterior 9. (4’) Almost entire dorsum with circular pits ...... V _
border concealed by the gena . ......... 2 ...................... Nioniinae
1’. Epistemum concealed, at least basally, by the 9’. Dorsum without such pits ........... 10 '
h ` ` f th
gcmh t li exposed part Conslstmg 9 not more an 10. (9’) Distance between ocelli less than distance between ·
a small distal area ................ 3 . , _ , _
antennal pits; if sometimes about equidistant, then
2. (1) Ocelli on or near disk of crown, remote from eyes clypellus much wider distally tha.n basally and
and from anterior margin of crown . . . Ledrinae extending to or beyond apex of genae. Ocelli E
al ................ 11
2’. Ocelli or ocellar vestigates on margin of head near Ways present
eyes .............. Dorycephalinae 10’. Distance between ocelli or ocellar vestiges equal to _
, or greater tha.n distance between antennal pits; if
3. (1 ) Clypellus large, broad basally, narrowed and . . .
_ , somet1mes about equ1d1stant, then clypellus paral-
rounded drstally; clypeus and clypellus tum1d. _ _
_ _ _ , lel-sided and usually not extending to apex of V
Ocelli on crown, usually near d1Sk . . C1cadell1nae _ _ _
genae. Ocelli either present or absent ..... 12
’. F ' l ` , `f , ll` _ _
3 acm sc cntcs not as above or 1 so then Occ 1 on 11. (10) Clypeus long and narrow, of nearly uniform w1dth.
face or close to the eyes ............. 4 . . .
Costal margin of h1nd w1ng of macropterous forms
4. (3’) Lateral frontal sutures terminating at or slightly expanded for a short distance near base. Head I
above antennal pits, or with ocelli near disk of always narrower than pronotum . . .Coelidiinae
f h. R b
crown, md remote wm cycs’ Or bot O ust md 11’. Clypeus short and broad, apex much narrow than
sometimes flattened forms ........... 5 _ _ _
base. Costal margm of hind wmg not expanded
4’. Lateral frontal sutures extending beyond antennal basally. Head nearly always wider than pronotum
pits to or near ocelli or ocellar vestiges; ocelli never ..................... Idiocerinae
` k f . F ' bl .... 9
on or new dis O crown crm wma C 12. (10’) Clypeus extended laterally over base of antenna,
5. (4) Lateral margins of pronotum carinate and moder- thus forming a relatively deep though incon-
ately long. Ledge or carina above antennal pit spicuous antennal pit. Small species with head
transverse or nearly so ............. 6 rounded, eyes small, clypeus ovate, antenna near
' f d ll d` f ....
5’. Lateral margins of pronotum short and not or but margin O cyc im Occ us lstant mm cyc _
. . . .................. Xestocephalinae
feebly carmate. Ledge above antennal pit, if
present, oblique ................. 8 12’. Clypeus not extended laterally over base of
_ _ f al ' . S ` ` l
6. (5) Face, in profile, concave. Forewing with appendix antenna to mm an antcml pit pcclés Vénab c
_ _ _ but not with above-mentioned combinauon of
very large; first apical cell large, equal in area to chamctc S 13
r ...................
second and third combined. Male valve exposed,
plates not ligulate .......... Penthirniinae 13. (12’) Ocellocular area with a distinct ledge or carina
. . b al ` .............. 14
G'. Face, in profile, not concave, usually d1st1nctly a OVC antcnn pu
convex. Appendix of forewing normal or small; 13’. Ocellocular area not produced into a distinct ledge
first apical cell not enlarged. Male valve and at or carina above antennal pit .......... 15
l tb f l l db ' hth t ;
cas imc O P mcs conccac Y mg S Cmum 14. (13) Ledge above antennal pit oblique; face strongly
plates ligulate .................. 7 _ __
convex ............... Neocoelidnnae
7. 6’ O ll' ............ G ` .
( ) cc lon Crown ypomnac l4’. Ledge above antennal pit transverse; face broad
7’. Ocelli on anterior margin of head ..... Iassinae and relatively flat, not strongly convex ......
8. (5’) Hind wing with three apical cells. Distance be- l '.'·.``.·`'' ' ''.·`` Aphrodmae
tween ocelli equal to, or usually greater than, 15. (13’) Macropterous and forewing usually without cross-
twice the distance from ocelli to eye...Macropsinae veins anterior to the apical series, veins indistinct
ball.Oll'f b .S ll,f 'lf ,
8’. Hind wing with four apical cells. Distance between as Y , Cc 1 O ten a scm ma mgl C Oims
_ _ _ often brightly colored ....... Typhlocybinae
ocelli not over twice distance from ocellus to eye
..................... Agalliinae
.6-

 15’. Macropterous or brachypterous, forewing usually 16’. Margin of check not incised or strongly sinuated; if
with one or more cross-veins a.nterior to the apical so then head not produced and body not dorso-
_ series. Veins distinct basally, ocelli usually present ventrally flattened. Lateral margins of pronotum
......................... 16 short and, if carinate, usually only feebly so . . 17
16. <15») Margin Of Check below cys strongly sinuatcd or 17. (16’) Macropterous, the forewing long and slender with
' incised. Species usually distinctly flattened dorso- Olftcr ajmcaplcal C€u_abscm’ wnhout cxma cms;
· ventrally; crown flat or nearly so, strongly pro- V°ms’ luna amcaplcal Cell Been bas ti’ all
duced and with anterior margin acute or frequent- appcmilx well developed Occ us mzri 1   its
ly foliaceous. Lateral margins of pronotum Own width from Eye ‘'''`''' acm mac
eerinnte end ueuellv ee lens es er lenger than the 17*. Macropterous or bmchyptemus, vcmnon of me-
short diameter of eye in dorsal view . . .Hecalinae wing not as above oy, if so, than ooellus near eye
.................. Deltocephalinae
SUBFAIVII LY AGALLIINAE
The leafhoppers of this subfamily are charac- Agglligpgis Kgrkoidy
' terized by being rather wedge-shaped, ocelli on the
face, frontal sutures terminating at the antermal This genus is characterized by having the
pits, femoral setal formula 2-1, forewings longer posterior margin of head sinuately curved and
than abdomen and without an appendix. The host crown expanded and extended behind the eyes.
i plants of this subfamily BIC h€1‘b2lC€0l1S PIBIIYS, The surface of the pronotum is without striae.
shrubs and trees. Variously colored from gray brown to black,
Four genera of this subfamily occur in the patterned in black. Most species are sexually
Nearctic region, Agallia Curtis, Agalliopsis dimorphic in size and color. Host plants in Ken-
  AC€7’Cll`£1gllllfd   and Céfdfdgdllld tucky are unkngwn but Probably range frgm
Kirkaldy. The first three genera occur in Kentucky. herbaceous Plants to tyco; and shI~ubS_ Omoo V
(1933) last revised the Nearctic species.
KEY TO THE EASTERN GENERA OF AGALLIINAE
1. Posterior margin of crown sinuately curved near eyes. KEY TO THE SUBGENERA QF /\GA[_[_/OPS/S
expended end extending behind eeeh eve- (Fig· le) - · AND THE SPECIES FOR THE KENTUCKY AREA
.................. Agalliopsis Kirkaldy
posterior margin of crown evenly amd, not g-may 1- Mele nlm fused luuellx me- 3¤>_ ·---_ < Subeenus
expanded or extending behind each eye. (Fig. lb) _ _ 2 Agallarza Oman—one Eastern species eervma Oman
found in the Gulf Coast states on live oak.)
V Male plates normal (Fig. 3b) .... (subgenus
Agalliopsis Kirkaldy ................. 2
Fig. 3-A.
Fig. 1-A. Fig. 1-B.   V
2 S . . Fig. 3-B.
. urface of pronotum with transversely rugulose striae
(Fig. 2a) ............ Acemtagallia Kirkaldy _
2- Basal processes of aedeagus foot-shaped at apex (Fig.
Surface of pronotum without transversely rugulose 4a) ,,,..,,,,.,.,...... aneistm Oman
t` .F`.2b ............ .A 1l‘C `
S uae ( lg ) ga m urns Basal processes of aedeagus slightly swollen at apex
A   (Fig. 4b) ................ novella (Say)
Fig. 2-A. Fig. 2-B. Fig. 4-A. Fig- 4-B.
-7.

 Agalliopsis (A.) ancistra Oman
(Figs. 5-7) '
Agalliopsis ancistra Oman 1970, p. 23.
Length of males 3.54.0 mm., females 4.04.3 mm. .
Slightly larger than novella. Crown shorter at middle Male genitalia: Plates short, bluntly rounded at apex. I
than IICXI to CYCS, €X[€l'1dl1'lg b€l`llIld eyes. PIOHOIUIH l2lI`g€, PygOf€I` €Xt€l'1dlI`lg lIlI[O 3 bUlbOl1S 3p€X, pygOf€I' pI'OC€SS€S I
time to four times longer than crown. Forewings long, exposed, extending ceudad beyend npex.Sty1e shert,e1ew—
narrow, ner Overlapping at apex, Without appendix like. Aedeagus tubular with a pair of long basal processes
C0l0r: Variable, light brown to dark brown, usually attenuated Ot tO°t‘$haPed et aPeX·
lighter than novella. Crown with two pairs of black spots, Female genttahat Snider te novella: Pestettet metgm
one behind eyes, other just inside eyes, with a dark streak ef Seventh Stemilm Preedlv and deeply emarglnaw
down median. Pronotum with a longitudinal dark median Thls Species ls mfmquemly c0u€ct€d’ and the host "
stripe and a pair of spots halfway between stripe and lateral plants are unknown
_ _ _ _ _ Parasites: None have been recorded for this species.
margin. Forewing brown with lighter veins.
-  {J -|.§  ”’: `·i’.· .   rl ,·.· ;<· I V
  ,·,  ·  ,·,.-     · D
  \  gx I?  p D V
 *i‘ Q;.· m  . F"]
nrr    ‘        \,.cmA
  .,'.1   be   ir’»     f
    l Ai
  ‘ .’  
  `   
  .ei‘     
        `V`. J 
Fig. 5. — Dorsal view of male A. ancistra Fig. 6. — Eastern distribution of A. anc/stra
Oman. Oman.
_/`.  
>Y°°' e _
._  5* .4... . /__ _ .
G·~\'“  et me —·}`” .... 5;
. ....   @&  ...i
    Q 4
  ·        t n-¤r··cr\, U
  anim ¤···""" d % % X`,
- \ §§ Q $·¤   W"   _/·
~ ’‘tt   iwb e    
¢___\ $5 é ‘     ° `‘'‘ “‘J'
·"" A "‘° me *1::: 9 »·;·-ll
QI -hel   —· · · ·~•· ·— ‘°'$°*... il? · nu,. . KW/`
Fig. 7. — Kentucky distribution of A. ancistra Oman.
-8.

 Aga//iopsis (A.) novella (Say)
_ (Figs. 8-10)
Jassus novellus Say 1831, p. 309.
· Length of males 3.3-3.5 mm., females 3.7-4.0 mm.
. Crown shorter at middle than next to eyes, extending Aedeagus tubular with a pair of long basal processes that
behind eyes. Pronotum large, three to four times longer are slightly expanded at apex.
than CIOWII. FOl‘€WiI1gS iOI1g, IIHIIOW, IlOiZ OV€1'iHppiIlg Ht F€H1lll€g€I’liZ'lZlil1.' POSt€l'iOI' l'I1HI'giI1 of SCV€llIil St€fHUl'Il
- apex, without appendix. broadly and deeply emarginate.
Color: Variable, from light gray to dark brown black This is the most commonly collected species of this
with dark brown pattern. Crown with two pair of black genus in Kentucky. Probably occurs on a wide range of
‘ spots, one behind eyes, other just inside eyes. Pronotum herbaceous plants but is known to be on alfalfa and clovers.
with a longitudinal dark median stripe and a pair of spots This species is a vector of potato yellow dwarf virus (New
half-way between stripe and lateral margin. Forewing light York and New Jersey strains), clover club leaf virus, and
' brown to brown with lighter veins. wound tumor virus (Nielson, 1968).
Male genitalia: Plates short, bluntly rounded at apex. Parasites: Specimens have been collected with
Pygofer extending into a bulbous apex, not completely pipunculidlarvae present.
covering internal structures. Style short, claw-like.
’ .l:'   ’   i · "
_. _   ,,p,( gg;} Q Q}
 .i A.,) ..,.-     X"- .
      ....   -. .t- bf
‘ ( titffff   iff    it  A   U W
-%*1 . w  
A Fig, 8, - Dgrsal view of male A, nove//a Fig. 9. — Eastern distribution of A. HOVG//8
(Say). (SaV).
4;  
2 2   .
cv--· ‘ · ~—--- 5  .l...'g3·¢ K.
   , ., —~-e    i i     
.. e it
 k , j   ....... r.
l _:3£-O` .\j %_· 6***   y Q `\
(W ....... ··- Q QQ}   7
  ....  ·@4% w §¢¢¤¤,, g  
( ·~ vt g %&(§¤E%$$¢·‘ ·'
Q M A   ___ rr . ·v;·. et; ...,Lj"”‘°;·--     W-  
  ***1* =-cuz-:.}
Fig. 10. — Kentucky distribution of A. nove//a (Say).
-9.

 Ac-eratagallia Kirkuldy Female with posterior margin of seventh stemum not ·
greatly excavated (Fig. 11b); male style either foot-
This genus is characterized by having the shaped or twlstcd '''''''''''''''''' 2
posterior margin of the head evenly curved and the J
crown not expanded or extending behind the eyes. Fig_ 11_B· (
Surface of the pronotum with transverse rugulose _
striae. Variously colored from brown to dark
brown. Most species are slightly sexually dimorphic '
in Size and COIOL Host plants in Kentucky are 2. Male style short and twisted (Fig. 12a) .... · ....
primarily grasses and composites. Oman (1933) last ‘‘‘‘'‘‘'''’‘‘'‘''‘'’' vulgaris Oman (
1‘CvlS€(l the Nearctic species. Male style foot-shaped (Fig. 12b) ...........
.............. sanguinolenta (Provancher)
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ACERA TAGALL/A
FOR THE KENTUCKY AREA A
l. Female with posterior margin of seventh stemum Fig` 12_A` Fig` l2`B·
broadly excavated (Fig. lla); male style broad with
process on mid-ventral side .... uhleri (Van Duzee)
  Fig. ‘I1—A.
-10.

 _ Acerataga//ia uh/eri (Van Duzee)
(Figs. 13-15)
Agallia uhleri Van Duzee 1894, p. 91.
_ _ Length of males 3.2-3.5 mm., females 3.4-3.8 mm.
‘ A slender species, slightly longer than sanguinolenta. at apex. Pygofer truncate with a small spine-like process on
, Crown rounded, slightly longerin middle than next to eyes, each side. Styles broad, nearly truncate at apex, with a
posterior margin evenly rounded. Pronotum three times small median ventral tooth. Aedeagus tubular, straight on
longer than crown. Forewings long, somewhat flaring, not ventral candal side, slightly hooked at apex.
. overlapping at apex. Female genitalia.- Seventh sternum with a broad deep
Color: Generally yellowish·brown to brown. Crown niedian einaiginnii0n_
with a pair of prominent black spots. Pronotum and scutel- This Species has not been collected in Kgntucky but
· lvm patterned with brown and black- Forowirrgs yellowish- occurs in two bordering states (Fig. 14). it is rr common
bf0Wllr V€lllS YHOSUY dark bf0W¤» with whilo SP0t$ OT species west of the Mississippi River and probably is a
d¤$h€S· general feeder on many plants in grassland areas.
` Mdle g€l’liZ'dlltl.` Plates HS 1OHg 85 pygofer and truncate P(1rgsfl‘€,§.‘ NOUC have b€€I'1 1'€COI'd€d fOI` this species.
    ....   · *
    ‘       =“
  V rn   ·  
  .     r·. i  . ¤ . F`;
jr    
Fig. 13. — Dorsal view of male A. uh/eri Fig. 14. - Eastern distribution of A. uh/eri
‘ (Van Duzee). (Van Duzee).
.  
  * 5J  »ir»~’;>-J M
· ·`*·,   * > r-rr·...»  
.e‘....   <
,g in W   . ....... x,
,_ ie · ~~ q®·d¤ §  
_ ·Hdr¤  i+-
. ‘ Fig. 19. - Dorsal view of male A. sanguin- Fig. 20. —- Eastern distribution of A.
0/enta (Provancher). sanguino/enta (Provancher).
tf;  
‘ )     . .
G`>‘;ny; WN   """"‘ Vi W H  
¤. .... .   
i e
. s ,- Q 9   ...... a
. . . s.- Jr * ¢ ·~}@@  ~..~  
/__ . .   s.   ~·· g   .__
· -·--i.   v ./
  Y  *·””& $'\* `    
ct--»  J .........   & % » __
  V K   ._.   . W.   .. .... "°°" .- ~·t~       ‘‘‘‘   ‘ ·’
w}&__ _”_ QJ-.. ._. -. . ..__ . .
Fig. 21. — Kentucky distribution of A. sanguino/enta (Provancher).
.13.

 Agulliu Curtis ously colored from gray brown to black. Most
species sexually dimorphic in size and color. The .
This genus is characterized by having the host plants in Kentucky are primarily grasses and
posterior margin of the head evenly curved and the composites. Oman (1933) last revised the Nearctic I A
crown not expanded or extended behind the eyes. species.
The surface of the pronotum without striae. Vari- .
KEY·TO THE SPECIES OF AGALL//1 A
FOR THE KENTUCKY AREA
1. Male plate narrowing to pointed apex, female with Male plate constricted near middle with apex blunt,
posterior margin of seventh sternum truncate to slight- female with posterior margin of seventh sternum con-
ly concave (Fig. 22a) . . quadripunctata (Provancher) vexly produced (Fig. 22b) . . constricta Van Duzee
Fig. 22-A. T
Fig. 22-B.
-l4.

 _ Aga//ia quadripunctata (Provancher)
(Figs. 23-25)
Bythoscopus quadripunctatus Provancher 1872, p. 376.
Length of females 3.9-4.3 mm.
' Robust, larger than constricta. Crown short, same short and claw-like. Aedeagus long, tubular, strap-like.
`  · width in middle as next to eyes; posterior margin evenly Female genitalia: Seventh sternum only slightly larger
curved, not extending behind eyes. Pronotum three times than preceding segment, posterior margin truncate.
longer than crown. Forewings long, somewhat flaring, not Only the female of this species has been collected in
· overlapping at apex. Kentucky. This species normally reproduces partheno-
. Color: General ground color brown to dark brown. genetically, but males are known from the northern states
Crown with rr pair nf prnrninent black spots nn rnrrennr and Canada. This species Occurs primarily tm clovers and is
' margin. Pronotum with another pair of faint spots close to also a vector of potato yellow dwarf virus (New J Qrgcy
POSt€I`lOI` margin H€HI`ly in 1lI'I€   spots OH CI`OW1'I. FOI`€· strain) and Wound tumor Virus (Nielson,  
_ wingSbr0wn.v€inSp¤1¢r- Parasites: Some females have been collected with
Male genitalia: Plate acutely angled to pointed apex, halictgphagids progeny
as long as pygofer. Pygofer robust, bluntly rounded. Style
.  -».   ..~; ‘ .·._ s    
.     TT W · l \»
  ` »»      r ·  
=*i¥*     if    '* V
      .*--       W
iii , 2 .     r*~    Q
  * . ,   —r·-=i`·   ’¢#
  ..»t   s...   »'`` Y
A   ’... -  __ r
 Y sns. Z?  ;‘‘” ‘ ¢·
l Fig. 23. — Dorsal view of female A. quadri- Fig. 24. — Eastern distribution of A. quadri-
punctata (Provancher). punctata (Provancher).
  .7
tr e
A . 2.. !· ,6;... . _ ·
G3};  ,5;  ,.50,,   W lk: .
. =. ....  
as l'       ...... ix
. ·\, `· @  · ¢$@  
.1*% . · 4%. uno: Q   U
/`_ »·r ¤s¤~ his i g   5"1
kerry?   O   l/·
   rr rrr· ~~  ” $6 °  ""‘*% r’
es" li     .... i I . I
  Q "" M, m“___,__ __,_ ¤:·..·:..· . /·/i
· - .··· ·- ·- ··¤··:·e;.   ·¤   . vs!
  •*·!• .:4:-:.} at
Fig. 25. — Kentucky distribution of A. quadripunctata (Provancher).
-l5-

 Aga/Na constr/cta (Van Duzee)
(Figs. 26-38) " l
Agallia consrricta Van Duzee 1894, p. 90.
Length of males 3.4-3.7 mm., females 3.5-3.8 mm.
Crown short, same length in middle as next to eyes; constricted near middle. Style short and claw-like. `
posterior margin evenly curved, not extending behind eyes. Aedeagus long and tubular, slightly longer than pygofer, _ .
Pronotum three times longer than crown in middle, lateral bifurcate at apex.
margins small. Forewings long, narrow and not overlapping Female genitalia: Seventh sternum much longer than
at apex. preceding segment, posterior margin roundedly produced,
Color: General ground color yellowish-brown to dark rnedianly keeled.
brown. Crown with a pair of prominent black spots on This is the most common species of this subfamily in
anterior margin. Pronotum with another pair of black spots Kentucky and can be collected in large numbers On many `
close to posterior margin nearly in line with spots on economic crops. It is a vector of potato yellow dwarf virus
crown. Forewings usually brown, unmarked, with veins (New Jersey strain) and wound tumor virus (Nielson,
somewhat paler. 1968). ·
Male genitalia: Plate wide at base, constricted near Parasites: This species is commonly parasitized by
middle, then extending to a somewhat rounded apex. halictophagids, and several nymphs have been collected _
Pygofer slightly longer than plates in lateral view, somewhat with pipunculids.
  l i  
  ” ‘ j    
  .» ry ‘rtt   il‘`   ~—I. x,
• • l · ¤_ ¥
l ` ,,,.·~
  l 9 ,.;;   
  Ql  
i
Fig. 26. — Dorsal view of male A. constricta Fig. 27. — Eastern distribution of A. c0n-
Van Duzee. str/cta Van Duzee.
    <
2  °’¢_
~ ·-· E ,...;.. . _ .
6.}*  5  /i}}" K-
  ....  X9 Q   .-.r x
~* l , · —~ \ .
A > ; ‘~»&W 
a  A a J  mgmt a bmw  
_   -.—.   A K   h S
,.}  ww w Y" "'.’
  -` WV ° *`°/~ ·'/
r `\ F? Ag QQ Q {   NW ```‘“` Y'
 `_ AJ  _ Q ) ¤-wr--  U I  Q   ..¤,:>.
.——· — ‘°"‘ · ...... 1
(     . * ·. ·-·>·•<>¢ Aw ;‘°' ·~ -q wmv nm  Iz-
\\/ .. *-1-   4_- U - Amr A I
Fig. 28. — Kentucky distribution of A. constricta Van Duzee.
.]6-

 SUBFAIVIILY IDIOCERINAE
The l€3.f`h0pp€rS of this subfamily are Ch3.1‘3.C- 3. Aedeagal shaft with gonopore near apex (Fig. 31a) . .
terized by being rather wedge shaped, ocelli on the ................ pwvancheri Van Duzcc
face Ilcml Or at the ends Of the froétal Sutul·cS’ Aedeagal shaft with gonopore a third the length of
faramass hangar than abdamaa with a large shaft from apex (ng. 31b) ...... pm vm num
i · = appendix and the femeral setal formula 2-0 or 2-1.
The host plants of this subfamily are trees and
shrubs.
Two genera of this subfamily occur in the
nearctic region, Idiocerus laewis and faiguzcerus Fig. 31_A_ ` , pig_ 31_B_
Freytag. Only the genus Idzocerus occurs in Ken-
tucky.
V Idiccerus Lewis A A I x
This genus is characterized the same as the
( Subllllmlly and Wlth the llemelal Sctél formula 2-O` 4. Aedeagal shaft with processes near middle (Fig. 32a)
_ The species range from 4 to 8 mm in length. They ____________________________ 5
` may be variously colored, from solid green to high-
ly Patterned individuals- Most Species me Sexually Aedeagal shaft with processes near apex (Fig. 32b) . 6
dimorphic in size and color. The known host plants
in Kentucky are Salix, Populus, Crataegus,
jumperus, Pyrus, and Amelanchier. Freytag (1965)
last revised the Nearctic species. 4 v
Fig. 32-A. 1 ' Fig. 32-B.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF /D/OCERUS
. FOR THE KENTUCKY AREA t I
1. Aedeagal shaft without processes (Fig. 29a) .... 2
’ · · 5. Aedeagal shaft with gonopore halfway between base
Aedeagal shaft with processes (Fig. 29b) ...... 4
of processes and apex (Fig. 33a) ...........
............ . . decimusquartu.r(Schr:•nk)
Aedeagal shaft with gonopore near base of processes
> (Fig. 33b) .......... snowi Gillette and Baker
A Fig. 29-A. ~ Fig. 29-B. V
i » l }
F` .33·A. F .33-B.
2. Plates thickened nearly to apex (Fig. 30a) ....... Ig Ig
.............. monilifeme Osbom and Ball 4  
Plates thin (Fig. 30b) ................ 3 ’ '
l i E \ / ‘ I
6. Aedeagal shaft with processes sctaceus and definitely
Fig. 30-A. Fjg_ 3().B_ apical to gonopore (Fig. 34a) . . cmtaegi Van Duzee
-17-

 Aedeagal shaft with processes not setaceus and either 10. Color uniformly yellow to green . . . pallidus Fitch
basal to or opposite gonopore (Fig. 34b) ....... 7 Color yellow, green Or Orange, with black Or brown U I F
markings ......... . ............ 11
11. Forewing with cloudy brown apical area (Fig. 38a) · ·
................... duzeei Provancher
Forewing with black claval area (Fig. 38b) ...... I A
Fig. 34_A. Fig- 34_B· ..................... suturalis Fitch _
.2 .. .  _,__  .% f` ,
7, Style without large apical setae (Fig. 35a) ..... 8 Fig' 38`A· Flg· 38`B·
Style with large apical setae (Fig. 35b) ....... 9 _
12. Eighth sternum deeply excavated, leaving lateral
margins long and pointed (Fig. 39a) ..........
................. a