xt7crj48r11f https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7crj48r11f/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1936 journals kaes_circulars_003_300_annual_report_1936 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 300 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 300 1936 2014 true xt7crj48r11f section xt7crj48r11f COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
- Extension Division
THOMAS P. COOPER, Dean and Director
CIRCULAR NO. 300
ANNUAL REPORT
FOR THE
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1936
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 V Circular N0. 300
Z Annual Report of the Extension Director for 1936
T. R. BRYANT, Assistant Director
Extension work in 1936 followed a plan of procedure which in
its general aspects was quite similar to that of the preceding year.
Since the change from the Agricultural Adjustment Administration
Program to the Agricultural Conservation Program was made at
the opening of the calendar year. a respite of a few weeks was made
  possible while the AC program was in preparation. This period
L was used to augment the -1-H club enrollment, to perfect
_ county plans for extension work, to hold leaders` training meetings
  and in other ways to reinforce the projects essential to a well-con-
A teived, balanced program. Fortunately the AC Program, in its
l execution, involves the performance of many practices that have ·
long been advocated by the Extension Service and whose beneficial
effects have come to be recognized by the people of the communities
= served. The visible results of the soil building and soil conserving
practices advocated in the AC Program will give added force to
Q the recommendations of extension workers in the future.
, At. the beginning of the year the extension staff was increased.
‘  particularly the l-lome l)emonstration stall`. and a considerable
·  number of assistant county agents were added to meet the demands
 if of government agencies related to Extension \\’ork. So many of
  these agencies required active cooperation from the Extension Serv-
A ice. especially from the county agents, that a diflicult situation pre-
tailed. \\’ith the appropriation of additional funds under the
provisions of the liankhead-_]ones Act, however, the situation seemed
t in process of being relieved when. in mid-year, a reduction of other
l·`e"111111l§ 'l`he~1-1-1 rootn intprottetnent. 1.
21111 R'Jl’l`1ll111l§- '1'he»1-H room improt emeut. 11.
2711 110l’l`111111l§- 'l`he I-H room improxetnent. 111.
I $11 Home liconomics jttdging, -1-H club ttotk.
· 2*1- Reeretttion 1`or -1-1*1 clubs.
_ 282 How to cztn 1111115 und tegetatbles.
`_ 283. .\llllll1l1 report 1`or the tettr emled Dee. 211, 19555.
‘ 2111 1{ubies.
i 2115- Rzuns lor connnerciitl llocks.
28(S. litres 1`or cotntnercinl llocks.
287. Feeding ttnd tntntttgement o1` lttyiug hens.
1.e:t1|e1. -1-1*1 clttb gir1`s clothing ttccount ztnd budget book.
1.e;tllet. Procltteing l’roli1:tble 1’u11ets. 11011111} l.e;tlle1 No. 1. tetised.
Record book. Clothing record book 1`or -1-H clubs.
Record book. Livestoctk record book 1`or 1-1·l clttbs.
(Zttlendttr. .\ cztlendttr 1`or hontemztkers` clubs.
(L(.)UN'1`Y .-\(§EN'l` \\'()R1i -
llte chttnge ol plztns 1`ront tlte .-\gricu1tttr;tl .\d_justmcnt 1’rogr;un ·
to the .·\gricu1tur;t1 (1()ll$(J1`\`Zll1()1l Progrznn grezttlt inllucnted the

 G Ken/uc/cy Extension Circular No. 300 y 
work of county agents and their supervisors. Eflorts wereturned the p
· immediately to building programs of extension work which would 5  tl1€ C
i stress the importance of the work of unpaid local leaders in soil  Q 011 $<-
and live stock improvement working thru community and county .i using
programs. These programs were necessarily built very hastily as it   gram
was understood that a program to take the place of the AAA woultl   ment
be put forth within a short time. t porti
As soon as the Agricultural Conservation Program was an- i the a
A nounced, stress was immediately laid on that program and it be- . past
V came the major enterprise for the year. '1`he other enterprises that V Hlltlt
figured prominently in the year`s program were community organ- ` ty in
A iyation and soil improvement, including the use of limestone, acid l E
' phosphate and terracing. The seeding of grasses and legumes was , in K,
next in importance so far as individual projects were concerned. lcgc
Instruction and supervision in connection with the Agricultural i  mid
Conservation Program consumed at least 70 percent of the super· peri;
visors` time. They were, ofcourse, called upon to give due attention _ iiiiis
to the county planning projects. leaders' training meetings, Ten- ;u·e(
ncssee Valley Authority phosphate demonstrations, Rural Resettle- r so ei
ment and Rural Electrilication work. Projects such as tobacco be ii
improvement, tobacco barn ventilation, dairy cattle improvement, y Prog
poultry production, sheep and beef cattle development, as well as   dillit
the —l-H club work. were necessarily looked after more closely by liiivi
the subject-matter specialists. Very little attention could be given die
to these subjects by the supervisory force except as they might apply _ tliis,
to the Soil Conservation Program and soil—building practices. _ lii t
In order that the Agricultural Conservation Program might ._  the
succeed promptly and fully, it was found necessary to give the su- V lien
pcrvisors full responsibility for taking information to county agents, typi
training committeemen, explaining forms, interpreting rulings and 1 timt
checking progress. 'l`hat their efforts in tl1is line were successful is < farn
lll(ll(T2llC(l by the very excellent record made by Kentucky in t`1ll`1`§`·  i l1U\\'
ing out the A. C. Program and causing more than two-thirds of the , ogrt
soil building allowances to be used in soil improvement practices. » app
The greatest change in supervisory work during the year was the » lid
partial shift from comnmnity programs involving improved prac·
tices to that of supervising the general program of A. C. work. .\t ers

 . i};
AmtualRe[1or{ for I/ur Your 1936 7
the present time there are really two organizations in most counties;
V the cottnty extension organization using unpaid leaders, carrying
j on soil, crop and livestock improvement, and the A. C. Program
j rising paid leaders. It is believed that carrying out the A. (J. Pro-
gram successfully and promptly is leading to much favorable senti-
_ ment toward extension work. This progratn has reached such pro-
portions and the payments have been so large in all counties that
the appropriations have been much easier to obtain than in the
past years; in fact there are now 118 counties with agents placed
_ and one county with an appropriation tuade, leaving only one coun-
ty in the State without provision for a county agent in 1937.
` Emjzfoynienl of Cotmly Agen/.t. The selection of county agents
V in Kentucky is usually made from promising graduates of the Col-
lege of Agriculture. They are employed as assistant county agents
A and placed with those agents having successful programs, for the
I period of training, and as men are needed the best of these assist-
ants are made county agents. The others who are doing good work
A are continued as assistant county agents. At present there are 30
so employed and as rapidly as funds will permit this number may
A be increased. A county having 2,000 to 3,000 farmers in the A. C.
  1’rogram requires so much attention that a county agent finds it
¤  dillicult to give any of his time to other work. ln those counties
  having assistant county agents, it is required that they assist with
tlte A. C. work thru supervision and otherwise. bttt in addition to
A  this, the etptivalent of one man`s full time is devoted to field work.
 i. ln the efl’ort to carry on general extension activities in addition to
¤‘ the A. C. Program, there were 1.77—f community plans of work in
, lientucky, with 12,927 ttnpaid leaders assisting. One county fairly
·  typical reported 129 volunteer leaders who contributed 80-1 days`
`  time during the year. The cottnty agent in that cottnty tuade 862
_} farm. visits, had 9,633 office calls, 2,730 phone calls. prepared 205
F news articles, wrote 3,240 individual letters and 89 different mime-
V  ographed letters with a distribtttion of 16,863 copies. I-le spent
approximately 50 percent of his time in the field and traveled
 fi 12,786 miles. I
I Leader Training t\f(’(’fl·}Ig`A`. ln order to enable volunteer lead- A
‘ ers to be more effective in assisting the extension program, it was

 it g
8 Kentucky Ex/ensz`011 Circular No. 300 I 
necessary that they be trained, and for this purpose from one to  { li€lOP
. three training meetings were held for each group of leaders. In   Pllllllli
most counties, two were held early in the year, and one which r  °llCl`€
might be called a mid-year progressive check—up meeting was held -  l`l‘ll` C
during the summer. ln the most successful counties, a check-up i Hllfll
` meeting also was held with the leaders, in November, to determine llllllll
their accomplishments, and at the same time to build the program   il(Yl'C$l
for l937. The following quotation taken from a report indicates ,` ""l'€l`
' the result of this method. "A very small amount of time has been .  will l
` spent working with individual farmers other than coinmitteemen. V llllllll
4-H club leaders, project leaders, community chairmen and soil ° llllllll
conservation committeemen." Another report expressed the same illlci
· thought by saying, “‘Practically all work was carried on thru the l`C$lll`
extension organization, as very little individual work was done," §l`?llll
The problem of carrying out a previously planned supervisory . ll lllll
program or a previously planned county program was greatly hamp— illllm
ered by a season of severe drouth. This unfortunate situation l il
necessitated a change of plans, and extra labor on the part of the HQCW
county agents and farmers was called for. Emergency crops had to » work
be planted, livestock culled, community ponds dug and many other have
emergency steps became necessary. lield:
Coun/y Pl!/lllllillg Progruni. The l~\gricultural Conservation
Prograin stimulates thought along the lines of economic adjust- 1 (;,,m,i
tnent and long-time programs. The county planning program was (l"ll'l‘
discussed in all the major agricultural counties in Kentucky. ¤\> y (;(,mi,
the long—time view was approached from an angle a little different _ ilglllllli
front the usual, most county committees met anti had a very i|lll‘|`· _  iiicn
esting dayls discussion, but the actual results for the first year were l Nleeti
probably correctly reported by a county agent who said, `"llie ` (
, . . · , .v\lten
Lollllty Planning Board met anti made their recommendations, lilll _ Numl
(lid very little toWa1`d seeing that their recommendations \\‘el`<’ till`- A Huh
ried out." .\tten
All Cili<>l`t is being made to follow these meetings ill Iiliil Willl _ (sill?
the outlook report, which will be studied by the same group of niet] [_.n;_§IlIl
Wilt) will then be called upon to make the county l`L'(`<>lllllll`llllll' y p,H.m
lions for the use of the community groups when they build tlll‘lli (rung
titllnnltlllity prograins. lt is hoped this process may result itl ' Plillllllllg
group. and this will greatly assist in the coordination of programs
Y oflered by the various sub_ject—matter specialists 1`rom the College.
I l‘I0l’ CXEIIIIPIC, Z1 l`CCOIlllll€ll(I2l[lOD that [IIC COTH Fl(jl`€2lg€ be l`€(IUC€(l
and the pasture and hay acreage increased will inevitably lead to a
number of consecutive results: lirst, a higher yield oli corn on 1`ewer
  acres; second, ll higher percentage ol these 1'ewer acres will have
cover crops sown upon them and a higher percentage ol such acres
` will be treated with lime and phosphate; third, this reduced area
t harvested l`or grain will, on a larger percentage o1 [arms than here-
.  to1`ore. be sown to bluegrass, timothy, red clover and lespedeza.
,  'I he abundance ol pasture and hay must necessarily lead to a further
` result in more dairy cattle, sheep and beel cattle. ln such a pro-
I gram the held agents 1`rom several departments will be needed, and
;  it will be necessary lor them to coordinate their ellorts in order to
2  accomplish the goals desired.
_ The [ollowing summary ol` state totals as reported by county
g agents sttpports the claim that in spite o1 the heavy load ol A. (1.
‘ work, a goodly portion ol` their time was devoted to leaders who
` have performed a very successlul year o1` extension work in the
‘  lield:
Sl`N1Nl.\RY
A 1935 wsu
‘ (Counties with ,\gents . .....................r,....... 115 IIN
County lixtension organi/ations ..,....,,......,...... 1SE1 I11l
Membership. men ...................... . ....... (1.721 1%.1212
Communities that built llxtension programs . ......... 731 l.l$111
 VQ Community leaders in community—built programs ..... 7.529 111.11111
I  l,eader—training meetings ................,,.....,... 1.5711 2.215
 " ;\ttendance o1` local leaders . .... . ..........I.....,.., 17,738 311.153
i Nleetings held by local leaders. not participated in by
V County Agents ......................,.......,.. 2.851 1.929
‘ .t\tten
tion. composed ol community groups of homemakers interested iu _  (mul
studying their homemaking and community problems under the “_"“l
leadership ol the county home demonstration agent. The home _ ¥i“'Cl
demonstration agent is assisted by a statl ol supervisors and subject- V S
matter specialists from the College of Agriculture. llw '
Forty-one counties cooperated in employing home demonstration mm
agents, during all or part o[ the year. Special help was giyeu by 1 [lll-U
members of the State home demonstration staff to homemakers in mu?
ll counties not employing agents. ()ne negro home demonstration . Wgc
agent. was employed in l·`ulton—Hickman Counties. junior hotuc- _ uml
making projects were carried on in the 41 counties having home lag
demonstration agents and in 25 nt>n-ht>me-demonstration-agen1 . 1*)/
counties. in cooperation with the county agricultural agents. i]`l1<‘ 1Cm*
number of home demonstration agents employed was increasctl ¤1¤1¤
tram 26 at mss to it at lasts. i tm
Definitely outlined homemaking projects were carried on by ` qi";]
»17~lv homemakers clubs with an enrollment ol 9,602 members and ,‘ {um
541 junior groups with an enrollment ol` 8.025 girls. Improve- t
ments in homemaking practices resulting lrom the home demou— i  cart
slration programs were reported in 35.621 rural homes. .\$$1$ll1l§i Q  "l`$
in carrying on this program were -1,481 local leaders who received E two
special training in subject matter and problems ol` organi/ation. ' .\s:
There were ti·l5 leaders` training schools. conducted by members ol 1~l·l
the State home demonstration stall. with an attendance ol` 9.591. .\ · chil
total ol 15.357 meetings ot rural people were held by home demon- hah

 I 1  
F?
` Annual Report for the Year 1936 11 V.
stration agents and trained local leaders, attended by 468,331 peo-
ple. Six hundred and fi[ty Kentucky comnrunities cooperated in
  this program of homemaking.
  Program of lVork. The program in any county is planned by
_ the homemakers thenrselves and is based on their needs and desires
V as revealed by [act-finding surveys, community and county discus-
 " sion. lt consists o[ a nra_jor project in some phase o[ homemaking.
a minor pro_ject in a related held, a recreation program, special
 3 projects o[ a particular interest to the county and special activities
i and cooperative undertakings.
Food and Nutrition. Food and nutrition work was carried for
[  all or part o[ the year as a rna_jor program in 23 counties. Special
Z canning work was presented in 15 counties desiring special help in
j~ canning [ruits and vegetables. Meat—canning demonstrations were
, given in 19 counties.
  Special attention was given to the [ood shortage arising [rom
[ tlte drouth. Information on low-cost adequate diets and conserva-
? tion o[ all available [ood resources was distributed by radio and
.  thru the press. As a result o[ [ood work, 1,262 [arnilies used a can-
`  ning and storage budget, 3,-112 [arnilies raised 15 or ruore diflerent
  vegetables. 5,827 [arnilies reported improved methods o[ [ood prep-
` aration, 4,173 [amilies reported improvements in meal planning,
V  1,4116 homemakers inrproved the school lunches o[ their children,
t 1.579 honremakers reported work on some specific nutritional prob-
I lem, as overweight, underweight, constipation, etc., 10,588 nou-
 .‘ club rnernbers were helped in problems o[ [ood and nutrition, 308
 {_ [arnilies purchased pressure cookers prirrrarily [or use in [ood pres-
  ervation, 10,608 [arnilies were assisted in [ood preservation, 612
 I [arnilies canned meat for the first time.
 [ C/ti/rl Care and ['l(l)II[[)’ Re/ations. Special pro_jects in child
[  care and [amily relations were given to interested groups o[ nrotlr-
F  ers in 62 communities in seven counties. Two hundred and fifty-
  two mothers and ~1—1 fathers participated actively in this program.
j  .»\s a result 237 [amilies reported improving the habits of children.
V 1-11 [arnilies trrade recommended adjustments to meet the needs o[ `
r  children, 137 [arnilies reported correction of undesirable adult ·
habits having an influence on children, 125 books relating to chil-

 l2 Ken/uc/cy Ex/ension Circular N0. 300
i dren and problems of family relations were read. 346 families re· - remo
` i _ · ported better methods of selecting play equipment. block
i Homemnkcrs l\Im·/{els. Homemakers have established Eve curb - WCW
. markets in Kentucky. These are small, but they helped materially lm U
· ‘ in supplementing the incomes of the 62 regular contributors who A and
realized a total of $9,787.15. Money made on the markets is used the °
 . _.  V IrI.t .£ eésgg  e · x     
. L _ ._.` i Q . ;   1.% ;   1    
·   ti; l 3   it ‘ . . *"    .  
·~··· A · _ ·· ig L      ‘__  ‘j;»z,$_ “`“
a ··r· . ‘   ¤_   ~ ..···  c       t  a # ·»
6 V   ~#v·-‘ ‘     _,   it,.     (l"  ifi  
. V - _ . ..   li.·   *5 $¤ ¤   =‘     fgfv V.; ’  1 - ` 
¢a»   if -   z   EE   i .     @@,2   X
. . .       _,...   ·»   5;:.; -
·, 5 -» . ‘`··· ···* Wi    ‘·  `    `  ~,,   .,.,‘ · rVr·.   ;‘{·
`T »;~·-»*i       -             ·   .
_     »-.~~- t  ‘-·‘   —i/igw m»~;$, $1;-*   —   t"  . - g   , ,
- ~        _ »/s~   E. will ,..A·!*’ `     ‘    
-•   , ·~~~ ’ **1 ,,   ,_ ‘· ; ;     ·‘ 5     ~ - ;z.·.”“
.     ·»·~ at [ l_ , . :  www     ..,.   Ill   , <  
if 9    . t   Z? . '   »..·: r WHARFW ?¥‘;, /~l.. ,       * "`
_     .»r’”I`  lt   t' ···· ·‘   .t~.  1 ·» "       J .
’ "   J ,.A··—‘- ·».   sn   7-*  .·   .-.· -   · ·
  A.-      ,  " ’   { J ~ ·   ·°‘‘ t » 
    .. -= ·         
 ___t . *;,_ x   .  ~ v·—- . ..A_ _ ___V K   V , `   ( · _ — , ‘“   *· I  is vt
"' _ , ,»<`     · 1
Curb market conducted by the Homemakers of Henderson County. `  {
both
for making payments on homes, for homo improvements, equip- _ men
ment, groceries.education and various other tl1ings—-one ltome-   proj
maker even sending her daughter to college for two years with   worl
these funds: and families on relief have been made self-supporting.   ,—
. . . , . . . _   wert
C/0/lung uml llfif/mery. Clothing protects have given ltomt- V 1 I
. . ' . . . ‘ . . -  l a >e
makers skill ll] problems ol fitting and construction, tudgment m  
. . . . . , ` . · _   >ur<
selecting materials and pride in good grooming, Special pro|t*
vtduals were reached with the clothing project, ,-i$.t>7—l garmeut~ - hh]
were constructed using improved methods. 9.970 garments were   1
remodeled. IUS new hats were made, 0,088 hats were cleaned aud _ W10

   _ _A ' 
Annual Report for I/te Year 1936 I3 l·
remodeled, 9,246 garments were dry cleaned at home, 250 hat
blocks were purchased by women in the State, 502 sewing machines
were reconditioned and 017 homemakers used machine attachments
i for the Hrst time. The estimated value of garments and hats made
and remodeled was $105,223.33 and the estimated saving dtre to
the clothing program was $#17,980.77.
~ Q ‘   >$‘*@.1»=w,».,?~,,..  , ’ ,  · ts .iir   ce - 4  #,1: »· .·· 3* -
,,__.   W   .   =,_       ,_ ·e-e....;~i¤_i- y.,
   .,, .      .   —°   `  
 ~ ` Q; ""*"s*°‘~·~· =¤  ?’_Q¥r'·—  
'     ‘``` ‘ /·.,. z r s   ‘ .a‘§;&g; me  ·.  *    °
'·_" ‘ `E `- *4 `ll Iwcvx  I.   ;;) ·}i~‘ iyfféii    r;';:,;;,2.__b,»p .  1;.,,*. ` '
, z .   Y~‘?"   if lx .!".j‘1ir·;*§v··;’:1‘.:`; '° _··_
“ ~ •·. A , ·» ____;; _, ;·- {-W.   L}-; »·· iv ` ,. h_•_ W ,.
l _ The rocking chairs in this picture are covered with hand-woven material which
is very appropriate for the log house.
 ‘ Home Im 1rrmr·111w1I. 'l`he home irrr rrorement >ro`ect includes
. l .
_. hotlr home lurrushing and home management. Home l1I1l)l`()\'C-
  ment rnajor projects were carried in I8 counties. Minor or special
. projects were carried in ll counties. l·`our counties had special
T` work in keeping home accounts.
Q_ A liew of the results ol` this project were as lollows; 539 kitclrerrs
were arranged or improved lor convenience. l,0S7 larrrilies obtained
; labor—savirrg devices. 2.190 pieces ol labor-saying etruipmerrt were
_” ])Ul`(`llHSC(l, l,320 lamilies adopted improved methods ol` caring lor
  the house, l,lro`ect 2.50l l`amilies im >rored the
g er l J
  selection ol lrouselrold lurnrshings. 2.949 lamrlres improved meth-

   4
14 Kentucky Extension Circt1farNo. 300  
ods of repairing and remodeling furnishings, 11,081 pieces of fnr. I  deco
. niture were reconditioned by repairing, remodeling, reHnishing, J  ings
upholstering, reseating or slip covering, 13,301 window curtains   One
were improved, #1,434 rooms were rearranged, 3,765 floors were re—  
Hnished, 41,391 rooms were repapered or painted, 2,588 families ’_
T improved color selection, 1,928 rugs made — hooked, braided, woven 1 
and crocheted, 4,489 pictures were purchased, reconditioned, re- ‘
hung or improved, l,#l9#l closets reconditioned, 7,313 accessories `_
` made or purchased.  n,
_ junior Home E(`(})10lI7lj(.`.Y. Clothing, canning, foods and room {
improvement projects are carried on with girls. f
1 C/ot/ting. Each unit of work requires that the club girl plan. t 
` select and make a costume for a specified purpose and suitable to _ 
her type. The units required include the junior homemakers’ out-
fit, the school girl`s outfit, the ~l-H club girl's afternoon or party _
outht and the tailored outfit for street or travel. The 8,625 girls .
enrolled in 4-H club work in the #11 counties having home demon—
stration agents made 30,511 articles of clothing. ‘
I·`oorf.r. This project is divided into four units—breakfast,
luncheon, dinner and baking. Thru discussion. demonstration and _
home work, the girls enrolled in these projects learn the essentials i
of food selection, meal planning, food preparation, table service z
and table etiquette. The enrollment was 2,735. ·
The ~l-H canning project offers four units, which are (1) can»
ning tomatoes and fruits; (2) canning tomatoes, fruits and vege— ;
tables;   canning tomatoes, fruits and vegetables, making jelfs. ,  and
jams and marmalades and (1) planning the canning budg