xt7crj48sd7j https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7crj48sd7j/data/mets.xml  Benjamin, Robert C. O., 1855- 1899 50 pages ; illustrations ; 18 cm ; call number gn645_b46_1899 books  English Lexington, Ky. : The Standard Office Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection.  Ethnography, or the Origin of the Negro: Giving an Historic and Scientific Account of the Origin of the Other Races text Ethnography, or the Origin of the Negro: Giving an Historic and Scientific Account of the Origin of the Other Races 1899 2019 true xt7crj48sd7j section xt7crj48sd7j ’ "'.-.'"T r" i?:'zr.»_-"?r ~. “7"" w ' i ,7. 4:3»; ' - 'T'W’ww
i . i ‘: ge- "if-rev ’ .. . 2 « ~ . . .
‘ , ~ iii-111.: , - 2. ' ' ' - x. l
l " ~ «waccooree s s e o s see @1
nrah ‘
.~ l . , - mgr-a at the Negro. , .
" “ , ’. 4a. 2 -'-"'-;‘"‘*"(i-‘ ‘ 1 . ‘0»‘3- .. .. 2w _, S .51 ' 2': _- . ‘T : ”V" ‘ "
\ '5’?“ V l ' V; V “wt-L: " - 1’ t. ‘5 .15": :fl ' ,~.' 7' I .
fi‘.’ $134” » ,7 ".J .1. .-' -"I1 a; -. . x" ;. ; .3: .4" . . . .
3+ - kh"! . :1} ' I; . ._ * 'I .‘ 2/ , KL; £92.)“ II‘I if} . II 2
.IIII. .IIvIIIIIiI»+I . - i‘m%%-;¥Idiwr . ; . . u . (IIII 55‘ . _I I
a; . -;._I9 . -. I . .. -. , I, .I. r:<.III.I~. 1‘2"". _ ;_I.I._I;I;5;:.I "El-rs ; . . I. I
ll.- . ' ' " ‘ w . Ulllitri. ’"
3:}: .‘l . - .1 -. ;., - r, -, j ‘ « ' '-. . .
‘ US 'I iii; _ ‘"'. 3} ' > “Any. I!» griffin aIl§gg§ ;II;' C .
lg“. l I; . . II. I. . {52:} inn?“ .. . , _;
" a" j . , ' 5" ' . ‘. *I'j .. I . . ’ » . . ._ l
g .12; . .. I. . -. . I damaging; » . , l
with}. Y; J ‘ _ . , ' ' ~..; . -" . "I . ‘ .1; . . .
"3 _ l. J, "I N - Wl; ' . r“. * 2 :
yiiir‘“"“‘_7wf-’T‘;:4‘:‘ ' ~ ~'- , , ‘ -, . i - , j
5:5”5- . , ‘73, . II' ' . . . v, . II ,I. \9 I: , -. . . . I I III": I
I??? S ’ ; ~ 2. j ;.I _. . , j
" 9A 7 2. . .3. .
l ' I a I V .' :~;-i“.:.;.—z.‘ 2- - ' .
I'-.II, 5" III ‘ ‘. ‘ LES-‘5: .‘I’S'III‘ ‘ . I 1
.. t - 2.. , . _
leg 2 , Atteirney-at-Ltiw, , .
g; , 5 Editor of The Standard. l
I '10; ,n ., I 7 I — ;,II ; I
l l. ’ , 1 . .
35.....ng .7; I]’1‘(lll‘2lll‘ll in seekers I. *' .
l ~ , _ after lilull. ~ III. i ‘2
Q. Sal-£949 a o e o 0 63,36) (9 @ ones e ooooiogooomoooo ,I
M * - I "' Li"’"""' WM f""2""2~‘° . fi__.. .’ ‘
* u -« . iii“ , ._ ; «‘i-a‘e : : ~ w ..
t. . a» , _. “I - 2:31: -. r . Le

 -...~.;~;r: ‘ *
‘ sweaters-QBeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeed
. '__" Mw—ni—hw.
Ethnography ‘
. ‘ .5: . , . . o o
, k Origin of the Negro.
., ; w i . ,«' :I-i _ , ,‘ ~_‘ _ -.
: ‘ r-w‘v * .I . t:
., ‘ 1. - 535:4:
; ' ‘ '- l 3,3l§:a« 1;"; 5+
taxman.
, ’f, .,_ iigiéiizani. '
[IE , . "l ‘ .' N
”1’: ._, '3 r 'I.:" '1‘
3‘ I d " BY '
31 R. C. 0. BENJAMIN, .. ' .
2.; , . Attorney-at-Luw, I , _
. Editor of The Standard. '
a. ~ I . /
“1K ' ‘.I)odi(-;|twi in scckm's
‘ after lilllll. ,.~,, " '
ease" e e e e e @259. e was (-3 efieunw' ,

 . w..- . —.—‘< .. n—- ..».—.~ .
_ , 7 ». ... . -~.-— . .‘Ev:..‘—v v-fiu-‘Afi‘qvab m‘z‘v'l,
.- .. . . A. was": -‘ ‘,. " '5. 9.
I ‘ -'~ " 34:0 .*' ‘13.».8511’“"”v7\*1 .12: 3‘7
A _ ’ 4 ~ . '-‘ , . I'f‘.(;’,‘“5‘
55.. ' . i , . ' '- , .7 , . , . . ,
a: s ' ' x ' ' . I I
1.. " . . '
.34 . . ,1 , . -
3,... . -
#53,... - . .
5k v ' ‘ ' ' .
..-A‘ I.’ . I~I , I , . /_ -* .
.93., . z" . . 1
5‘?” .;«v ' _ . ‘ - ' ' I
.-..1',r’.1"‘~.:‘ y - ’ ' ‘
1,, ,:;:n....~.:~.. 4 ‘. . ' ‘
igrfi‘qfi- ...': , ..~"_ 1 , , . . . ' - . .
311133;. _, . . ' ~ , - » - . v
LL‘u. , > . A. ' . I ‘ I,
19.7} » . . . K . , . - ~ : I.
»':-..>. . I , . . . . , - , . - Ii r
,:_"~ .- . . . . . I. . \ .‘
I, y» . , . I . . ,IAA -. ' ._‘{ ‘
,.I'_".. I I q j I _ .- ‘ . - ' - I H‘: ’I-A )
Nb.” . i, . . ,1 > ., . , ‘ ' » ‘
.- 7'33; :‘7. ’- . - - ' i "’
assays-rum. - ' ' . ' L
“iii? .2. ~‘ I' ' ' - I ‘ I l I "
5:37; i; . ' ' ' - ' " ' I I 'II
“R“:- .; . I ', .. ' I . ' I I II
I:‘.'.7~‘r§:.III'.l_- ,‘ _ ' ’ I , ' I . - ' «I I ‘ A "" ""':
'-"::'-‘:.j;\j"r V . ,. > . » » I " - I " -' I I (“‘II‘
‘3‘}; !'_- ' ' " .: I . -» I ' ~ ' L . ,. » . ‘ - - I§ ._.
"II ,I I I ' ., I , 1 ' ' ' I I ~ I - ‘ I .. .. v. ., 'Iy’, '
:"IWI" ‘. ‘IjviI, 2: , .‘I ' i _-,’ ‘ .'; N.
LI. .3 .1": ’ I:' .1 -: ,.._ v. ' , . f ’ .' ‘ '. - 1 I ‘1; ' \
75.} I,"I I‘r'1I‘I ,r "-.-":'_ I. , : '. . . I . :. II. {1, ~
- is; 1:; .— .; - » - . i- . I: ' ' '. : ' - .“szxz
tits"? _ , I; , ' . ~ ' . . ' ' - ' 1'5- ‘ 3"“. .
fiwlrgr f- , , . w 2'1» ‘ ' g. ‘ -. '_ . ’ , , ~ L :I 'V '1' ‘ . 'T‘~— ‘1
31-3; I"§.“' ‘j‘ . ,- . ,7: , Tali-*1 ,5," . I "._ t T. 1-‘~ \‘g
.> ‘If ." . ."‘v.1,~"»};~,,‘t""' , 33- I. . .r _ I . . MI», -I. '." I 3».
I‘??*.‘ III .. ‘i; . I . . 2‘, :1"; ’=-"I.'..‘ '1- _ . . . I I. -~T 171‘“ .-‘;‘~‘< . ,» : my] 2-; \
7- , -_~- , . ._ ., . A ~ w - V. ,H fag; W“ fig“. fixaf 9: ‘. .
.~~ -iv __ a.» . _ I. . , . , _ , .1 . , , r, . I : “€21,325; :-!:;..“.- . five-"73L 4.;
‘ I I C _' ‘ I . - II LN??~L§95§‘§=‘“ Jay fi- a , "3.35543; ETEWwaflfiv rMScJW-lo ‘ .

 ,. ,_ ,JT—‘VLWZT‘: < " ' _"" I
I E ‘ :E E‘ {5&7 (ff—3t . If; . _
+~ Ethnegraphy,
. . E f o o
= ,E . or the Origin of the Negro, ,
‘i,‘,‘. ‘ \4
__ ' GIVING EAN i-irsiroaio ANT) SCIENTIFIC Amouxr or rm: ~
cums or 'l'IIE OTIIEH RACES,
Eiv‘t
1E .
J‘l , R. c. o. BENJAMIN,
its} ,1? /
‘3“- Attorney-at-Law.
$3
”9", ' ‘ (AUTHOR or SEVERAL moons)
é} AKWVD
‘3'; 7:3", ‘I ,9 (r F¢ _ § 1/; ~..
“532 -E - (\ ’J'EEE
”3,55: :l" ;f ,4, “E9"? ’7'“? -
tfiE E fldlglz
:i 1 , C YEW-lie, ‘-
.' . ;..:‘..=--] T/ V 3mg ,
v. $25 ”L\
r“ _ “HA".J] .
E'” , ,9 _
fi‘),\; 1 '
EN" E E . ' . E
i“ E . — E ,E . 2.3V ,7 ;.
\ . .—— _ , . ,. . . “43.1““ ” .

 '—-"'_" "' ’ w ”h .— ’ 1" ¥ -' ,4 : r, PM: .3 \: ‘-
/ , ' .-
r A ‘ / .
I ,r.‘ - - V» » I
.- 7‘: g: 7 ‘
' xx”: 1 5-", , 4] ‘~ —‘— x .-r
.2;- .: K71 A. ;\ I V
‘ A {K/ 31th x > ,1. 1
'I . “1.3 \J fr. .‘
Ll?“ Q , .
k: ,. PRINTED AT ‘
' wrms STANDARD OFFICE, .
» . LEXINGTON, KY ,
t ' I % 1899.
E 5’ ’5??? Jig-'- I: ‘ ‘
f ‘ r .9
L‘ ‘ > \ , 1;:
‘u‘ Hilffi :
3 n
w
/ ‘ (:\ ,\ '
\ ,
Q\\ A 4., . - a
l ' ‘ ' in. “g‘ 1'
r / '\l;.»
\ ’ I .r I:
I I? / ' / , I , - ._'\g-,.l r'I-Sv‘ft V - 3 1‘“ '

 f" ? ERRATA. W
, ‘ Page 4., fourth line from bottom
{WV ' ' for “ethnological,” read “ethno-
‘ ' W graphical.”
,, n H
j = Publishers’ Note
WW‘ N PRESENTING the following work to the public no
E apologies are oll'ered. This is n-it only a reading age,
but a new age, and it is well to occupy our youth
with its philosophy and facts; and in an age so dis- .
tinguished for its historical researches as the present, it
would be remarkable if there were no demand for a book
' founded upon investigation. The great gifts with which
the leading minds are endowed among men should not be
'V buried, but should be given out to influence the mindsand
morals of our readers Genius is a great gift. and ought
- to be used for the elevation of the moral character and the //
, advancement of the intelligence of the world at large. V//
The literary profession is an honorable one, even Vz'W
noble. inasmuch as it is identilied with intellectual culture . W _,
and high manly gifts. The literary man exercises much
power in the world. He helps to form the opinions of
‘ other men: indeed, he makes public opinion. All other
powers in modern times become weaker, while this has
been becoming stronger from day to day. Kings are being
, superceded by books, priests by magazines and diplomats
by newspapers. Perhaps book men and editors now .
,, wield more intellectual power than all the other crafts ,
I. combined. Literary men have taken the place of the
, feudal barons, and the pen has become the ruling instru- _
\ ‘ ment instead of the sword.
W ‘W‘-\‘j In this literary arena there are comparatively few
WW men of the Negro race in America who display the ripe
._ ’NrW' scholarship, profound thought and brilliancy of R. CW. 0.
. ' Benjamin, the author of this book. He is a prolific writer; '
k: . , ,.
“x- ’5- ‘W ' , , . .. he; 5"

 l
E 4 ETENOGRAT‘HY, OR THE
3 E -. his History of the BritishEWest Indies, The Boy Doctors,
_ ‘ Ethnological Solution of the Race Problem, Poetic‘Gems, E
‘ ‘E 7 Historical Chart, Don’t, a Book for Girls; TheE‘Southland,
Churchology, Obadiah Kuli‘, Life of Touisant L’querture, ‘
’ j A E and History of the American Negro, boar testimony to the f
i g breadth and vigor-of the intellectual gifts which he has so _
. I faithfully dedicated. Mr. Benjamin is not only a brilliant ..
success as an author, but he has distinguished himself in
"s: ,, the field of journalism, in the political aribna, as a lawyer
and orator, and upon the lecture platform. He is a ‘
.. Thirty-third Degree Mason, and has traveled in Europe, .
‘ Asia, Africa, the West Indies and speaks several different
‘ . languages. In this ethnological work, though but a few '_
. ' V pages, the reader may confidently expect to find a work of 1
_ great research and ability—one of deep interest and well ‘
5 E ' . worth his careful perusal. Respectfully, j
I - f TIIE PUBLISHERS.
, .a. , ;
V 2. iflfiéfl: :'
‘ . , E‘s-""4- L
f” r“ :‘,-"_'—?:v::;,’,?'l;;,;'-. ' _
l
l , ’ .
. _ E _ .

 .
= PREFACE. =
' OR several years [have thought that a work treating
. F on the “Origin of the Negro” would be useful, still
for want of the time required to make the nec-
essary research, I had not undertaken it. I found
the task, after I began it, a laborious one. I found it nec—
, essary to consult a great number of authors, ancient and
: modern, without whose aid I could not have prepared the
L work. I gleaned information from the best writers bear-
‘ ing on the subject: among them, Herodotus, Josephus,
Dr. Kitto, W. S. Brown, I’rof. Lawrence, Dr. Priest and ,
others. Most of the writers mentioned wrote ostensibly "l/
‘ to prove that the Negro is not a member of the human /'/;l
family, still I found in those writings much of deep inter- " p
_ est and was undoubtedly paid for the trouble of perusing I»
them. Every good thought I could find I have used in the
' interest of truth. Wherever I found a fact I have used it
without even a quotation mark; but I present the views of '
these writers so far only as those views accord with my
4' own ideas. The pen of the Anglo—Saxon of “ye modern
.‘ times” has been used to exclude the Negro from being a
' part of the world’s history, and our children are taught ,
. . in the schools, in many instances. by Anglo—Saxon teach-
f \ ers, and study books written‘ by them in which there is
" little to inspire the Negro But things are changing— ,
f the change is here. The mean notion that the Negro was
incapable of grappling with science, art and literature and
y ' becoming first-rate theologians and historians, has died
. away in the light of facts to the contrary. The pall of
r ,1 . darkness and obscurity, occasioned by the acts and the in-
l. _

 I ,xétr/AT‘H . . I
l » . , . . ’ flj
‘ -': I 6 ETHNCGRAPHY, on THE \
‘ ~ . ’ ‘ fluence of the other races, that has rested on the Negro is. ' .
» " I now dispelled.

Q The raceol' Ilum, a darkliug sea, ,
~ , New invites the truth, that light may be. ,
‘I; A I The Negro has made, and is making, his own history;. -
i Deo gratias! Men do not think, or labor, or travel, or live
as they did two hundred years ago, and still the change is
is?" -- onward. Invisible mental powers are turning society on
its hinges and is letting in a new dispensation of learning 7
. t: - and religion and life. There is a spring in all departments, :
, of humanity for a “long pull, a strong pull and a pull '
‘ , altogether” to move mankind on to a higher and a better .
1 . ' ' level; and our youth should know that Negro men furnish. ,
I n a quota of the mental and physical muscle that produces
1’ I *‘ the motion. They should not only know more about the
’i race, but they should read more of their productions. It
_ [1- ".I is impossible to inspire race pride without giving the race
X. 1\\ a knowledge of what the race has done. .
3 , . '2:- . \‘Lg. With a strong desire that this little volume may .
‘;~I_’;A'--._':5' reach many readers, and serve to create harmony of views
. " among the present Negroes as to their origin, and impart
' . ' to the Negro generations to come a thorough knowledge
of the past history of the race, that they may be better I
. ._ able to avail themselves of the blessings the future has in « ‘3'
- store for them. .
I / , I am very truly yours, ‘ i :
{I . ' ‘ R. C. 0. BENJAMIN, '
I? , January, 1899. , ’

 m Ethnography,
or the Origin of the Negro.
I.
HE color of the skin in the various races has never as
yet been scientifically accounted for, although nu-
Tmerous mythological stories have been told and .
senseless theories advanced as reasons for the remark-
able variations in hue. The Chinese believe that the orig—
inal man was a creature half god and half man, and that
his color came about as the result of bathing in a river of 1
liquid gold. 1/
.i The Mussulman, the American Indian and several ~"
Oriental tribes and nations account for their prevailing
red or copper color by telling the story of the Great Being I
creating the first pair from red kaolin, the common lire
clay of the potter shop. But as we pass in the‘ process of
' I the work before us, we hope to Show the reader the true
origin of the Negro race, as well as that of the others, the
‘ — white and red—there having been in reality but these
,4 three on the earth, as the yellow and the brown, with all
the other-shades, are but derived from an amalgamation
’ of the three others, which were primary and radical, as we
shall show in due order.
As to the origin of the Negro the opinions of writers
on the subject are curious, Wild and extravagant; this
may be accounted for from the fact that hitherto the ques-
' tion has been altogether one-sided and confined mainly to
" those in whose action upon this subject neither right, rea-

 / 7 ' - -
l -“: “i
‘ - .. ‘8 ETHNOGRAI’HY, OR THE "1
> son norjustice were involved. The works of Saxon his-
, torians seem to have been written manifestly for poison- - ‘ ’
‘ ing the minds of succeeding generations into the belief f
‘ that the Negro is not a member of the human family. _ '
i _ A ‘ Some writers assert that in the very first ages of the
i ‘. planet, and long before the creation of Adam, there existed -
‘ a.race of animals, having a resemblance to man, as has
k ’ ; the ourang—outang, but of gigantic statue, as well as
‘ power, dwelling in communion with other beasts and mon— _ »
. g . sters of that time. From this family of animals it has . '
" ‘ been supposed that the Negro race was derived, and ’_ i
i _ brought forward by the continual mutations of nature, . "
, _ I. . passing from one change to another in pursuit of matur- -
I _ ' ity, with all things else, arriving at last to the highest .
-, 'S _“‘ point, as exhibited in the black or Negro nations. ‘
i '- Some have queried, whether the mother of the first ‘.
f 1,. ‘1;— ’ Negro might not have been frightened by some hideous , V
\‘i‘ black monster of the antediluvian woods—as in the first '
3: V. . 4 ’_ ages of the world there were many terrible beasts of the .
";~‘_/;;...*-U wilderness roaming about, whose races are now extinct. —,
,' Some have imagined that the origin of the Negro was a i ‘
V '_ 2, disease of,the skin, which being of an incurable nature, ‘ .
; formed at length aradical character and thus produced , _ ,
. \_ ‘ this people. It has also been believed that at a very early
- period of time, some community of men have been so sit— .
' I f Y J uated, in relation to climate, food and other circumstances,
. ; as to have been changed from‘their original stamp of com— '
3: plexion and character to that of perfect blacks, thus origi- \' , .
. ' {l . } hating the Negro family. - ;
, ‘ ' 'l ‘ Many have believe d that there was gigafirst as many ,
- fathers and mothers created as there are now different
if M- races of men, frcm whrm have descended the red, the - '
'2 ; white, the black, the brown and the yellow tribes [of the a‘
i ' human race, di:carding the account given in the Scrip— ‘ ‘
' _’ L 7 tures of them having been but one pair of human beings , «: _

 ' ORIGIN on THE NEGRO, 7 9
created. Others haveimagined that the mark set upon
V Cain by the Divine Power, for the crime of homicide, was
_' ‘ that of jet, which not only changed the color of his body,
, ' but extended to the blood and the whole of his physical
being, thus originating the Negro race, aremnant of which
they suppose, by means of some boat, outrode the Hood,
anchoring on some lofty mouhtain, and subsisting on the
floating carcasses of the drowned animals till the earth
. , was dried again. Thus many have mused 0n the subject
, of the origin of the Negro race. But we reject all these
theories as the baseless hallucinations of visionaries, even
' the mooted and equally absurd problem that climate, or
any other contingency, became the origin of the Negro
. race, and allirm that a cause of an entire ditl'erent descrip-
__ tion from all these gave birth to the race, an account 015

which we shall give in this work.

' 9

f"

 l ' ATURE, or rather God in nature, has instructed us .
that without the intervention of Divine power,
,‘w . N there could, and nevper would have been, but one .
W " ‘ general complexion of the people of the globe, and
that one complexion would have been like the first
3'- parents, whatever that complexion was. If the first two
V ' of human kind were created white, they could never have
' -_ been the parents of black and red men; If they were cre—
i ' ' ‘ ated red, they could never have been the parents of black '
. and white men; if they were created black, they could
A V ‘ *never have been the parents of white and red men, as they
1 ‘~ ‘ ' could naturally procreate only their own complexion. '
5 . 3", \ ' Since the creation of man upon the earth, there never was
‘ 55;: ‘3 produced from the same parents a variety of complexions
, ’ ‘ (except in the case of the Albino’s production, which is '
lies—14?"; now considered to be only the eli’ect of disease); this par- '
z _ ticularly, the producing of varieties, is a trait in the nature , ‘
" V i of beasts, but not of man, who in this respect is more .
‘ fixed, being created in a way which has set him above the
winds and the weather, as it relates to his physical being. ,
‘ Here it is proper to enquire, what then was the com- I
' ;_ / . ’ plexion of the two first of the human race, Adam and Eve, 3
and the antediluvian world. their oil'spring? In relation‘ V ‘
y to this extremely curious, as well as interesting subject,
, W j . L, 1 : we shall refer first to a very ancient and a very learned
L p ‘ historian, namely, ‘Flavious Josephus, who says in his ~ W
p T work on the “Antiquties of the Jews,” Book 1, page 12,. a ,
V“ i that Adam, the first man, was created red. The follow-
, _ — ing. are his words: “God took dust from the ground and
. . _ formed man, and inserted in him a spirit and'a soul; this
‘ "\ t \ . ' ‘ a , _ I ,W , \ r .

 ’ ORIGIN or THE NEGRO. 11
, 1 man was called Adam, which in the Hebrew tongue sig-
, . niiies one that is red, because he was formed of red earth,
compounded together, for of that kind is Virgin or true
earth,” The kind of earth that Josephus calls virgin or
true earth was. no doubt, of a very peculiar character and
_ appearance, or he would not have called it pure or virgin
earth; in distinction from all the other earth of the globe,
- of which is said there are nine. How this man came by a.
knowledge of this circumstance we cannot tell, except he-
derived it from the term Adam, or from a tradition of the
patriarchs arising out of that circumstance, his creation
from red earth, and handed down from the house of Noah.
For this very reason doubtless, it was written by Moses,
Genesis V-2, that God called the parents of the human
race by but one name, which was that of Adam, in which
’ name was comprehended their natures as well asgtheir
complexion. ,
- :7._~1
, a
if“
, /{ '

 . ' .‘ A
t - '- . . III. ~
‘ ‘ OD did not give the first woman the name of Eve; it ‘
1;... - .3 . G was Adam who did this when he saw that she was ,
. ' to become the mother of all the human race. Adam "
; was the name which God gave to the woman as
I well as to the man at first, as shown from the text of
‘ , ' Moses. This circumstance should not be allowed to pass ’
i _ ' till it shall have made its due impression upon the mind ‘ V
j , ‘ A I of the reader, which is as follows: “Male and fiemale
‘ . , 7 created he them; and blessed them, and called their name _
g , Adam, in the day when they were created.”
. ‘i‘ ~. ‘ 1’71 accordance with the statement of Josephus, in ren— . »
:l I \ , dering a reason why God called the two first human beings ..
' iii.) ' by but one name, and that name being Adam, or the red .,
- " ‘ man and woman, we find that the Hebrew language estab-
lrfiréé‘?’ lishes that the words Adam, Adamah, Adami and Admah, p, I
, “" have all a similar meaning. First, Adam, as above, signi— ,
' ‘ I ‘ , fies earthy man, red. Second, Adamah signifies red earth, _ ‘
or blood. Third, Adami, signifies my man red, earthy, ' _
’ . human. _Fourth, Admah signifies earthy, red, or blood, "_
. all of which words are of the same class and spring from
, / ‘ the same root, which was Adam, signifying red or copper »
Pg , . . color. From a View of this fact, it is difficult to account I
; i for the reason of the name of the first man and woman, -7
, ' '1 unless they were created red, instead of white or black, as .
.7. ‘ l " it is well known that the Hebrew language is governed in .4
~ its power of naming visible existences, as of animals, .
, fowls, fishes etc., by their appearance or nature, and fre— ‘
.. . ” , quently by both,.as in the case of the name Adam, which
~ not only represented the hue, of the skin, but that also of '
I ' 'his intellectualexistence or human nature. Thus this ‘ _
‘2 a ' . ‘ . l.

 . OI‘IGIN on THE NEGRO. 13
Jewish historian, as well as the genius of the Hebrew lan—
guage, furnishes us with a clew, like the golden thread /
in the labyrinth of the subterranean palace of ancient
Thebes, leading to the right conclusion on this subject,
namely, that Adam, with all the antediluvian race, were
f red, or copper colored people. But on this subject there
. is other testimany corroborative of the above, though but
incidentally afforded, and yetris of the highest possible
_ ‘ authority.
' This evidence is found in the writings of Moses, in
the book of Genesis, chapters live and eleven. In this
- book is written, by a competent hand, a brief yet perfect . '
‘ , history of the cosmogony of the earth, as well as a narra—
tive of the births and deaths of the patriarchs, from the
, beginning to the time in which he lived, a lapse of years
V consisting of 2.553, and about 1,481 years before the birth ‘
_ of Josephus, who was a mere lad at the time of Christ’s
, crucifixion. This incidental evidence in relation to the
\ belief that Ad am was created red is afforded by Moses, in
tracing tne genealogical descent of one of the sons of
' Adam, namely, that of Seth, from the father down to the
, patriarch, Jacob, who was the immediate progenitor of
the twelve tribes of the house of Israel. Now as the Jews
are red, or a dark copper-colored race in their pure and
Q unamalgamated condition, aids in proving that Adam was
J also of the same complexion, because Seth, an immediate
, son of Adam and Eve, was the direct progenitor of the
" Hebrew or Jewish people, commonly called the lineage of
the holy seed. See Genesis, as above alluded to, v and xi;
' also chapters xxi, xxv and xxxv, where the true genealogy
- of that race is traced out, coming down from Adam to
- Noah, then from Noah to Abraham and from thence to
Jacob, the head of the twelve tribes of the Jews. To
please the curious we will give an extract from thosechap-
ters of the book of Genesis, v, xi, xxi, xxv, XXXV, respect-
, ing this genealogy, which is as follows:

 ; , ' , . , , , , A .
- 3‘ ' ’ ‘ 1'
‘ "if K '7' :\ ‘ ' , ‘ _ ,
. 2‘. . \ _
_ v \
A A ,,
v : ' , IV.-
‘. ,-; ETH, the son of Adam, was the father of Enos, who I
fer» ._ . S was the father of Canaan, who was the father of ,
r Mahalaleel, who was the father of Jared. who was 7
3‘ ‘ the father of Enoch, who was the father of Me— .
" ' thuselah, who was the father of Lamech, who was the
. f : V father of Noah, who was the father of Shem, who was the g'
, » . i i , O ‘ father of Arphaxad, who was the father of Salah, who was ,
1 , ' I the father of Eler, who was the father of'Peleg, who was .
i ‘ ,~ the father of Ken, who was the father of Serug, who was ,
» _. the father of Nahor, who was the father of'I‘erah, who was
1 the father of Abraham, who was the father of Isaac, who
“1 . was the father of Jacob, who was the father of the twelve
, ' ‘ ' tribes of Israel. ‘
; . _ '1 , Thus the genealogy of the descent of the Jews is made I
ffi’w’“ . é . ‘ . out, and as it is well known that the Jews, in their pure
, i ‘ and unam'algamated state, are red or copper-colored peo— \
I ‘ i :I , ple, we prove by this fact, in connection with the forego-
- ing evidence, that the antediluvians, with the father of
the human race, were red men and women. But if it is .
_ / , . necessary to add any other circumstance corroborative of
4 the above conclusion, we may mention that the Arabs, or '
t I » Ishmaelites, are red or copper-colored, as well as the Jews, : .
. .i ., and are alike the descendants of Abraham, who was of the:
V 5 ‘ race of Shem, one of the sons of Noah. In the existence
3“ V ,of the Arabs we have a tangible and an abiding evidence
i’ ‘ _ that the Jews were a people who were copper-colored, as 1/
’ U z , x the Arabs were brethren of the Jews, and have never ,
w ‘ , v“ ’ 4 mixed their blood with that of other people as much as the . f‘
Jews have. The reason why they have not, is the peculiar .
'1 .1; 4' location of their country, it being situated along the east- . ' "

 ' , ORIGIN or THE NEGRO. 15
1 .
ern coast of the Red Sea in Asia Minor, and is an almost

" I unapproachable desert of sand in the very heart of Arabia,
where from the remotest ages, they have subsisted in wan-
dering hordes, living, many of their tribes, wholly by
rapine and plunder, amalgamating but little with other
nations, who have been deterred from conquering the
country by the horrid desert and storms of flying sand, so
that they have remained a distinct aboriginal people from
the age of Abraham and lshmael, the son of Abraham, in
the very face of all the surrounding countries, the same in

, every age.
I In relation to this subject, should the reader desire to
‘ know why we have followed the line or genealogy of Seth,

I the third son of Adam, when the Scriptures speak of two
other sons, and Jewish history of at least thirty, and of as
many daughters, why, therefore, select this Seth in pref- \
crence to all the others'.J The answer is, the descendants

, of all the other sons were lost in the.llood, there remain- I

ing even of this lineage the family of Seth, but one thread
and this was Noah; there was, therefore, no other geneal—
ogy to trace. Persons of high reputations have imagined
that Adam was created black, and that his descendants
have, in many cases and countries, been changed into
other hues and complexions by the action of the elements;
_ but had this been the fact, Adam would not have been
called Adam; some other word or appellation would have

. ' been his name, as we shall show bye and bye. -

Most people in Christian countries have imbibed the '
opinion that Adam and Eve, the antediluvians, the Jews,
_ the old prophets and patriarchs were all white men, most
/ assuredly; but this is a mistake, for, from the foregoing
' _ ,7 .facts we believe it is made clear that the complexion of
' Adam and Eve and the antediluvians was neither black
, nor white, but red only. ’
l / ‘

 . //’xé§fi/fl- " ' " fiu‘5'_- ‘77" ' ‘ "n a
‘ : : \j ‘
‘, A“ , _ V. .
i , AVING thus ascertained, as we believe, the color of ,
. . 7: the first human beings, the question naturally .
is... . ,1 H arises here, how there came into existence other
/ persons of the human family with different com-. _ .
. plexions such as jet black and the snowy white, vastly
‘ ' varyingfrom the original red. It has long since been '
. f ‘ — counted the extreme of folly to suppose that complexions ‘
, . so far removed in likeness as-are black and white, to have . ~
' ’ ,‘ been produced by climate, location. manner of living, or ‘
l ' x , 2 3 any such thing, as many have believed. This opinion, _
.1 f 5 ; . that of the power of mere-circumstances to produce the '
, : \ entire characters, both of complexion and formation of ‘- ‘
' ,« '. the bodies of the difl’erent races of men, is now given up . -_
. \as an error by the philosophy of the age. This acknowl-
' . if; " , edgement stands recorded on the pages of our Encyclopae-
Half”. , K 1 dias and literary works of the time. These declare, after-r
,‘ E, E due examination and argument, that the coldest regions
: i of the earth have notgmaterially changed the color of the
if skin, formation of the body and limbs, or character of the ‘
. , .hair of the heads of the different races of men. Though '
. . . ‘ I ‘ the African NegrOvmathave dwelt ever so many ages in' —
‘. . i the coldest regions of the earth, yet he is a black man _
is ' V still. The same is equally true as it relates to the white , . *
, fi‘ 3 , man who, though dwelling in the lowest latitudes of the -
V ‘ , - South, near and on the very equator, for ever so many ,
' ages, is not changed in shape, the character of the hair of ; ‘ .
. l . _, ,- his head, nor materially in his complexion. The children . _
I 1‘: of white parents, born in these burning climes, are the .....- ‘4
" . very. same as when born in cold countries. There is no
f " ' difference. It is true, however, that the skin of such per— . _.

 ,_ ORIGIN or THE NEGRO. 17
sons, when exposed to the air and the rays of the sun, un-
dergo a change called tanning, but this circumstance
pI‘OVeS nothing in favor of a radical or material and final
change from white to black; because this tanning is always
more or less removed by a change from a hot to a colder
climate.
The same fixedness of character attaches to the red or
' copper-colored nations over the whole earth, as neither
' frigid, torrid or temperate climates have any ell} ct on
_ their c :mplexion; they remain forever the same. In the
formation of their bodies, the color, length and straight—
ness of the hair of their heads, there is no material differ-
. ence, WhateVer their mode of living may be, or wherever
they may have dwelt. The Indians of the cold regions of '
-‘ the North, or of the high cold latitudes of the South be- '
, yond the equator, are as dark and tawny as they are in
‘ the temperate and hot climate. It is the same with the
- Arabs 0f the Red Sea on the northern as well as on the
southern side, in Africa. Yes, this complexion, the copper
color, the original and first hue of the human race, hold-
ing a grade between black and white, is as strongly fixed
in the blood of that race as is the black and white in the
blood of the other two races In priof of this doctrine of
‘ the changeless character of those three radical and first
' complexions, irrespective of all contingencies, we notice
' that on the eastern coast of Africa, in latitude degrees
north, have been found jet black, copper-colored and
- ’ white inhabitants, This part of Africa is called the Mag-
' adoxa kingdom. The whites found in those regions are
supposed to be the descendants of the ancient Romans,
‘ ‘ who once had great possessions in Africa after the fall of
‘ Carthage, which took place B. C. about 140 years. The
r ; Greeks also, from earliest times, were settlers more or less
in Africa.

 I ’/A’é(/'_‘ _ g . . --—m*-,~.-;.-ua-,,v- we“ -\
I , - , " , _ I:
‘3 ‘I III I 5 -
r j I . ' ' _ .
, :‘z ' HIS fact, of white inhabitants being found resident
Lev. 7 , . f » T in that Negro country, is stated by John Leo, who , .
‘ ‘ wrote a history of ancient Africa in the Arabic lan-
,‘ _ guage——Marse Uni. Geo. Vol. 2, pages 754 and 781.
.; II Procopius, a Greek historian of the sixth century, 1,20'0
.1 I: 3 years ago, speaks ofa race of fair complexioned people I
: . I ' with ruddy countenances and yellow hair, who dwelt far
I ~ _ .5 within the Lybian country, which is a region of Africa, . .
r - . ’? sauth and west of ancient Egypt, who it is likely were of ‘

I Greek and Roman origin also. The same people were ‘ '
' ‘i_ found by Dr. Thomas Shaw, the antiquary, who wrote in \ .
‘ if. I I the 17th century, and says that they retained their fair
. ill I I complexions and yellow hair, although a lapse of more -

- I than a thousand years had transpired from the time of A
Twiw‘; ' Procopius, and that of Dr. Shaw. The latitude of their ,
, , }, country is between ten and twelve degrees south of the I
I '3' ': II equator. “In Abyssinia, which is a region of Africa,”
II ’ s