xt7d7w674g1h https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7d7w674g1h/data/mets.xml Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 1959  journals  English Lexington, Ky Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Kentucky farm and home science, vol. 5 No. 1 winter 1959 text Kentucky farm and home science, vol. 5 No. 1 winter 1959 1959 2012 true xt7d7w674g1h section xt7d7w674g1h i 4_;..r ,
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 kexztzzckzy F RM HOME   a e/we        
AND   is
`•~
Vol. 5, No. 1 ......................... \Vintcr 1959 ' · ‘
A report of progress published quarterly by the Kentucky Agricultural ‘
Experiment Station, University of Kentucky, Lexington A -
|i|·ZNi`U(iK\’ 4·\G|UCULTUR··\L TZXITRINIENT Material appearing in this publication may bc l 4·
$T··\TiON reproduced without further permission, provided »  I
FRANK   WELCH ..............i.......................... ..· ..... Director that ful] ackngwlgdgyngnt ig made 0[ the source
;}'l%,[i;:[ .»\. hiaxr ..,...................,....   ............. \ice§)n·cc1or and that no change in headings Or text is made ~
. . more ,.........,..................... i tininistrativc ssistant .-1 _ . I b, th tl _ ___
W. P. GAnmcus ................................ Associate Director ml wm lppmm l c au wr _ _ _ "`
I. ALLAN Sisnru ..........,..................... Agricultural Editor ·*\dd1`€$$ correspondence about BYUCIGS In NUS P“b‘ _ { \
Kentucky Farm (md Home Science hcation to either the authors or·the Department ol
. Public Inlormation and Educational Aids, Experi-
losisvu C. DUNCAN ........................,....................... Editor S . B .ld. U U ._ .tY {K U ky LE _ —
Oiussi-: jorixsox and Ni. Xxsu (Zox ......i ~\ssistan| lidiiors {umu muon ul m¤’ nucrsl 5 O cn lc l' X .
lionmrr C. MAY ............................. . .......... Photographer mgtom ·
In This Issue ""
wi
\Vur Do K1·;N*ru<:i;r lluimit Yotrrns Qurr Scuooi.? , ,
By IC. (Irma! Youumns l’(lg.(U 3 "
\V1Ilil\l:i K15N’ruci... . .·V-   ___.... ; ``''` `  
_ of 480 mothers and 439 youths age 16 and 17 in Butler, _ A » ‘ ·V»·   , A _ __,_ AAA. L., .,`-..   ·»·· ~ - ···*·* * r  __
·. ‘ — . . . . _.   ___A»_.  __;,;;;:.;:-5>-*·>-1-*5 ‘°‘‘' " _   J
T Metcalfe and Elliott counties were interviewed. Thev ..__._.; .»..; xw->’>-·l~· A , . ..      .;·  =
·v were asked tuestions about their economic condition, , , 1 _ ~ . F `    
i 1 ’ ° ’··;.§:*.~Z-):l‘IsY  s- .
. about their educational beliefs and values, and about . " ‘"T“`iY  ,_,__,_     /-»-» A ;   '-4—`   ·~°°`` #>}’Li~i
*· .- ‘ .. ·· ,2   r ·.__ "  ‘1 F     ~i  
school and work life,       ;,,               A AAA
» , _ ; ` A ·· . ·   A · z· V   .A "wu ‘
A More than one-third of the boys and girls 111 the   ‘ · BA · A ;__ - .. 2}
study had dropped out of school. In Metcalfe countv A      l    Y Y`?
lr 54 percent of the 16- and 11-year-old youths had quit _ ·_   ‘`‘‘ 3 T __·._  
. ...i 2. '`l·l Z   ’e`··   ..»"   »'`l »   ’‘*·· Y   ‘..‘;  Z`- tr *”`¥
PM, school. In Elliott countv 32 percent had dropped out.   .     -._.....   ...; gl   ·’er·—·     .r.— .   ..·V s;A;`*<*‘=
' . . .   ..:.2  .rr.       .  ~  ·-- .   "  { `
. A I11 Butler county 2-1 percent had discontinued their   ’,¤_ :     ..,,. .1   »·‘* ·.=: = J?   /» =  ·— »  
iyx . ‘ s »·,»   A »r.·· .   ‘·»-     enizezis  
formal schooling. It is probable that other similar  
gs.:·,A—.*.·‘,1·`-L"*j_·.3·; ,A_   .- -..'__,\·;"’> .·?,,»_j‘·ar, gg}? !.`Z ·'.".-·.·*9·-._. ,,*· US" •-g  .···*,,4y¤3r_·7.··.r-·»·~·  .4.,  _,.¤ ~4» * A. ; A "
* Kentuck rural counties have an e uallv large mimber
4 O . . .
— . This survey showed that youths who were active in school
of youth who have not completed high school. _ . . . . · . . .
  _ _ A A A activities tended to continue their formal education.
The evidence 11] this study indicates that once a
We · youth quits school, he has little inclination or motiva- A AA A AAA A A _ A A A A AA “A_tA
. . . of ieo)>o·1 ie; ow i· Ol ·
··    ber of conclusions as to why rural Kentucky youth · S _l_A l lll ll " U _ L _ (   li
__ ·_.-’ 5 (AAAAA ACAAAAOA about this; A key to the possible SOlllllOll ol tll(‘
4 "` problem is indicated by the findings of this study.
  Economic Condition of Family
M . . . . . . . . Mothers’ Belief in Educotion
'lhe -180 families were divided llltl') two grou is of
or ` I M1 1 1 1 1 ‘ ·
equal number, the poorer and the ibetter-off families. l l°` llllll l“l* “’_"ll` ll*_ Cl *l lllllll )"l lll ‘lll"*lll’ll*
.- Almost one-half of tl1e youths from the poorer families llllfllll lll"ll` lll`ll*'l$ lll llllllllll "llllC*lll"ll· rl lll`ll` l`l"
hAA(l (h_()pP(_Ad out of School; only 0n(‘_Hfth of thc youths SPOHSCS \\’(’]`(’ ]`(‘l2_\l_`(‘(l $Iglll{`lCL1lltly t() tllll SCll()()l 1tlt(‘ll(l-
A   {mm the <—A)CAAA,A._0AA·~ AAAAAAAAACS had (Amt SCAAAAOAA Thus AA ance of the y()tI[l]S. Among the poorer families. those
·.A. vicious Circle IACALAAASA Lurgv AAAAAAAIAATS of boys Auld   t11()tl1(`*1'$ \Vl1() l)(*l1t*\’(’(l 111 l()]`|1]{[l (·(l1|g11[*1()11 t(‘[](l(‘(l [(1 A
AA from the poorer families are unable to take advantage lwflll lll“`ll` Cllllfllvll lll Scllllllli lllllsv Wlllllllll lllll llll‘ll`
V a strong co11victio11 about the value ol formal educa-
"l`l1e study was made jointly by the University ol Kentucky Depart- . O . . ·
.~. ment of llural Sociology and the Farin Population and ltural Lite llraneh. tl()ll t(‘ll(l(’(l l`() l(’t tll(‘ll` Cllll(lI`(‘l| (lI`()l) (Htl (tl SCll()()l.
.-\MS, USDA. lt is one ol the studies being made i11 eonneetion with the ,` · . ~ . A
llural Developiiient 1lI`U].{l’1llIl in llarniing areas. A eoniplete report ol tht- llll‘ lll()tll(*l`S l)(‘ll(‘lS 2ll)Olll (‘(lllCtltl()lI lll) (l()li|)l' l`(‘ll(‘(}l
-1,, 1. study is in Kentucky .—\grieultural Experiinent Station Bulletin 664. "lCdu-
eational .*`tllllHItlt‘ll[ and 1‘l\ll\lI`t‘ Plans of Kentucky llural Youths.`° by lf. . _ A_
(Irant Younians. ((lm|IIlltl('({ (Ht ])tl{i(' 1)
 
Kl·ZN'l`l1CK\' Fsnsr Asn lloxni S<:11·:NC12—\V1N*1·1c1t 1959 8
IL

 Jefferson county continues population increase; ._ _  ‘
Cumberland Plateau area has great decrease, 5 W
as revealed in figures showing ,
• • _ ` i
W here Kentuckrans Now Lrve ‘i  
NY JAMES $· BROWN large natural increase was nearly altogether offset hy -·
  rtw rrmrrrperrrr rrr   are Ira news rrr are =¤ Im- thpggli   <1r-ri--s 19j0_57~23 Fm   I _
l'(‘l(‘21.SC of (‘SlIllT12lt€S of K€HtllCky`S   pOplllk1tlOl1   P€r50u§ B t t le State t lan lTugr‘lt€( Into lt. e · `
counties and economic areasl is the change in distribu- Distribution of the si.¤{.e'§ popuiqi-ion I  I
tion of people within the state. Particularly striking is \I _ . . _
_ . _ . , ` .’ O1€ 2Il1(l l`l]OI'€ of tl`l€ pOplll3.t10l1 1S COllCG11t1tItG(l _ __
the great increase ot the population of ]efierson countv . _ . _ _ . ¢
‘ _ _ * rn urhan areas. All three metropolitan areas gained
(\l(‘tI`()i)()l1t2l11 Area A) and the great loss ot popula- from 1950 to 1957, Areq A (IGHQNOH Comm!) 000 {4: 
Q"; “’*” H"` °""`l’“"l“"‘l P1"“““" "“"‘ (E°°""'“'° Am pereerrrr Area rz rcrrrrrptretr rrrrei Kerrrerr errrrrrrree me ___i K
`   nercent; and Area C Bovd countv 1.4 aereent. The
1 . , 1
. eight counties which in 1950 had 50 percent or more r
Populchorl of the state i of their populations classified as urban (Boyd, Camp-_ _ _'
ll1(‘ SlI2lt(‘S l)()Pl|ltIlZ1()1l WHS CSlClIT]Zlt€(l tO'l)C D.l)i)l1t heh, Dl1Vi€SS’ Fayette" I.I€ud€l.SOu’ ]€i.f€l.S0il’ Kenton, `i`
uw sumc O" luly L 1957 as Alml L 1950, mcreasmg and \IeCracl>’<1-€I‘<*sI¤Ir>s _B<><>¤¢-C¤¤¤r>1>s11-kII: DMIPSS- ¤
{ih:ini;p(I’Igr(`;1r¢i¥ii"iplhfji, 1954, lxt-ntneky .·\QI'I(`\\li\l['1\l l·,xpr·rnnt-nt Ma- Iieudersoui ieH€l.SOii_OidhniTi_I,In1.diH; and BIC_ J;
PERCENTAGE OF STATEIS POPULATION IN EACH AREA   it
- 15% or more Till:    : _ lx
- cl. a- .  I   .:3;  r . I .  s
M IO     -· · I III·*  I  T
mm ”°’° A   · · 11111*  Itllllllllm it
I 3 '• 1*
[1:] Less than 5% » rr _____L_         1/· ‘*
,»··- _  ·. ' - . • • - '."‘·
i` QE     lllllll1 *|IIIl" lm" i` i
  ·| ,   _g   L   I I . rp  ._.:.:\ 4
~ l 1 lllI|’ ‘?  "I 1I|III·""'1""·""ll -¤ -·=—- =~  
5   •   . ' id   II Z:Z:Z;I;Z;;;;'} *1.
.1 ` ` U 1 '.'•'.'.'
i `   ill |!lllllll|“Ill|l’llmlllll| · I1 Il . ·IIl||| ' »‘  -=-Fi? )  
1 1 l ‘ l · I " I 'II ··III l I" I   we
. I · I .'. .'.'. ·: _._.:.:·:’,L¥· V i
Illlll   Ii 1 l 1 II|'1I{ I 1 tll w' I A -* --*5
  ll Ml   l l l   I ll" l 1  :‘:'i'i* .·Z·Z··Z·Z·';Zv' "`
. ·   —   I I ·· I · l= l ·   _  ,[ _ Z·Z·Z·Z· ·Z·Z·Z·Z·   "}
   i  ·     Il I)   .. .. ..   •__•;_5 ·--5 L4.
This Inap. divided into ctonomite and metropolitan areas. through 9; the metropolitan areas are designated bv Jet- ~*
shows the distribution o1` Kentut-kv's population on jttlv l. ters, .-\—l§·(Z. Mé
1957. The et‘ononrit` areas are designated bv numerals, 1 `
vi
-1 K1·1N’I’t*Ct<\‘ Farm Asn lloxtrz SC11iNCli——\VIN'l`1·Y1{ 1959
IQ .

 Cracken) in 1957 contained 38 percent of the state’s also had a sizeable natural increase, since there were
*7* population compared to only 32 percent in 1950. 77,999 more births than deaths. But this gain, great
V. Cllanggs in     1]Ou-]T]€tl·0pO1itan economic areas HS.  \V1ElS, \VHS   less thai] half tl'lC loss tllfnllgh Iil€'t
.   (see map) also show that the shift to urban areas is iiiigmiicii _ 1
nggctiug all parts Of the Stat€_ Urban groyvth is the fx I]TOI`€ careful look Ht th€ data lTli.lkC‘S clear hO\V _
·i`v— primary reason for population increase in nearly every tistoiiisliiiig these (iam Oii iititiiiiil i“€i`€`tiS€ um-
 1,* one of the five economic areas which gained (Area 1- li" i94°·$°· ·i¢"¢¤¤¤ ¢¤¤¤*Y had i°$»6“ hitihw 52·i8i
The Purchase- Area 2—Owensboro-Henderson· Area d°°"“'
’ ’ In 1940-50, Economic Area 9 had l76,364 births, 36,360
`*v 3b—Eastern Pennyroyal and Knobs; Area 4-The Pen- de,",,_
_ nyroyal; and Area 7—The Inner Bluegrass). On the ih 1950-$7. J¢"¢¤¤¤ ¢¤¤¤tY hid i°7·$U6 birth!. NJN
_ other hand, the five economic areas which lost in In "1?g°;; Economic Ama 9 had WL"] Mmm 23.442 ’
‘*** population were areas dominated by agriculture or de,•|,,_ _
Tri coal mining and were without large urban areas (Area Note that jgfigeysou County vvhich had 7(),68() fgwgr
3¤—Tii€ \V€$t€i`ii Coal Fields; Aiea 5·Tii€ Smith C€ii· births than Economic Area 9 in the earlier period had
*°*` tml Knobs; Aitfii 6·Tli€ Oiiiei Bi\i€gT€i$$9 Area 8-The 6,145 more births than Area 9 in the 7% years follow- .
Y} v Cumberland Plateau Margin; Area 9-The Cumb€1‘— ing, Note also that there were nearly 2,000 more births
liiiid Pltit€aiil· in ]efferson county in the 7% years from 1950 to 1957
7 *‘ than in the 10 years from 1940 to 1950. The animal
 R, Most lmP°'T¤ni' Changes rate of reproductive increase in ]efferson county in-
The two most important changes, both in numbers creased from 1.23 in the earlier period to 1.77 from
f" and rates, were in ]e{ferson county’s continued in- 1950-57. On the other hand, the animal rate of repro-
JV crease, and the tremendous decrease in Economic ductive increase of Economic Area 9 dccrerlscd from
A Area 9. 2.75 in the 1940`s to 2.:28 in the 1950's.
, ’ "" In 1950 ]efferson county had about 27,000 fewer The migration to ]efferson county because of the
gs; persons than Economic Area 9. Only 7% years later, job opportunities there in industry and commerce is
. _ in 1957, the county had about 158,000 more people an old, readily understood phenomenon. The move-
***5 than Area 9. This is a startling change. Although ment away from Economic Area 9 is also an old pat-
,5-. - ]efi`erson county has steadily gained in population, in tern of movement from subsistence farming and coal
  no decade from 1860 to 1950 had the Cumberland mining, with its decreasing need for manpower, to
‘ Plateau failed to gain population. But there is no better employment opportunities elsewhere.
doubt that the census of 1960 will show a sizeable The changes in natural increase are, however, new
loss of population in this area. and different. Apparently young persons have mi-
"T How can we account for these spectacular changes grated in such numbers from Eastern Kentucky that
wr in the two areas? the number of births has fallen precipitously. On the
Fundamentally, population change is a result of the other hand, ]efferson county has held the young people
(Ti number of births, the number of deaths, and the it already had and has attracted young persons of
1;,,, migration into and out of the areas during the period child·bearing ages so that the number of births has
T_ being studied. increased rapidly.
T7 As expected, from 1950 to 1957 jefferson county
 és gained through net migration (i.e., the number of The Future
migrants coming into jefferson county exceeded the \Vhat of the future? The rate of emigration from
VT number leaving the county), with an estimated gain E11$i<‘1`ii K€1¤ili€l<)’ WHS Coiiiiiiiiiiiil iii li<‘ l¤<’¤\’)’ iis
.L;.· of   On thc other hand, Economic Area 9 lost recently as _Inly 1, 1957. and in spite of the economic
h(xu\,vily_ tho net loss bgiug (·¤StiI]]at(¤d at   hl I`(‘C(’SSl()ll (illfillg   ilIl(1       llIIlll*((‘l}`   I'tltl‘
M {hg 7fA..)r(¤;u· P(¤l·i()(i E£·()]]0I]]ic _,\l·;_»;]_   lost th]·()ugh (l(‘CI`(*1lS(*(i ll gI`(‘ilt (l(‘ill. 1)l`(}i)tll)ly IllOI`(‘ 1lll(l I\l()I`l‘
. *··•·- migration 31 percent of its total population in 1950. Yiiiiiiii D<‘OPl<` will lit` tl¤·¤· li’iii·» ;_,~¢m ¢@*`i·r·,‘»`,;·* ,‘:;w»— Q ‘··· »> QT 3*
_   *1*        _'  Lia?             { pd}     ff     ,
;¢?>~ .·j»  , l_"Lv-1*4 $4 4r,;YiL‘;`_·'. "i €°’ ¥°`·'  ,, _     M  K ,(5$ ‘,<,·   ` !Q?"`:y ¥'}'%x   ‘
  {Ag.  I  jé/*\-( · ? · v);}_i4’zé’Q\*‘·_’/ ‘_.  _. . = .  T , {M nep-¤*,i_g{(. _`    
·‘       ‘* .' 1 -}  » - ·»»-‘  *   K *€%*$,W<<”"··Y»   ”.~~.¤rir. ‘ · .
 -3.,; . ·,<¢F‘d_· ·_·· ` * ».., _ {/;*,5 ja; ·J_-W g ".    ~·!‘ rg,) ·  ..»  ,€*,_   ”@
*_;~_ O/'rsx l-`Q $4 { L   ,2 I.     ` j   i Q .. NV,/,·    V  I v _  T
;r·  gm,   ~ .7*   i;.  . ..,. M ·   ,  ri »     1   ~  —
I · h ‘f j`)ly~"`@i•»"   gsm: `·».- · ':; ' I" · I r '? 1*   yl:-· ,:.;**1.4-··>·.v· *»'(  
The great an1o11nt ol labor required m burley  _;_;§`w` _   {   1     A?   {   .  `  y n   ).’”¤·",,.,(y,_ 
production is illustrated bv this picture of a  —    V . <{gf,"`·-it.·.f§‘f_,·i)  ,~‘?_... ,··  ‘ `   ,_;;* ,4" {/jr  
, .' . . . .,T   ’ .J ‘° ·#-· ~, .=»1"}-· `J " ·· X    n`*,€•,_p •"   r  
(`L‘lI(l'il1 1\(‘lIlll(`l(}` t0ba1·1·o held showing leal nn   .59*;   _ A ».?’r»,;,, ’ · _  _, -*   ‘*’1¢T.___ F l·‘ , " ·
various stages of harvest: (left) tobacco on  ··   :4-* ,-, , § P   Qi _   _,  _,        ,,0** 
. , . ,  ,6 Q. `;~, my ._,  R- · · , ·.~   ,  5 1   , _. 1,  ,s¢,_»· _ L
stark, ready lor housing. (center) cutting to- * '.,g `._=   "¢• s ‘     _ -·>·,,__·f_··;~ ., ·_ “f·,,’*·*( ’  wi  `
· . ‘ . . ‘ fr- #· “\J)$·•·'4.;2{• .i   —. Ly   · ’ » rr  -» * *‘ "¤l· · lr · *
l)€l(`(`() 2lll(1 Iilllllllg (lll Sll(`1(. (rlglll) l()1)2l(`(`U r  i` *°`·"'_[]_ /- _    l,   _iT·;€~`i"*__ ,   '— __-Wi",.   '·"-  
sutlteretl. readv for cutting. (Photo: Russell  Q * », l’f° ` *1      ._.‘. 1     "fi» i ·     `l,’· _ Y•"ii Jr; »  `4
 } I, • . ` ‘/... »·   {K »,. EE: I},. zo,}  { p . p J, ¤ wil U: .4
.\. llllllll §· · " in:   /,~     gi li' {_ ,.   
* %  a we ’  .4 ·fZ».i» ‘* . ·· 3  , 1 , *  ,
. ·* s, ·:. _ . >¤ ,,. (~» ga ’ ,   ‘    K  j1’;>é.p."l _  __,_·, V  ‘  
· 4. •$;:fLa—· . . ·   if    ,,",ur?.¢~.*·_¤-·";   .  
•\..»·'
fi 1{l·ZN'|`l'(ZKY F.-tnxr asn lloxua Sci1·:N¤r_<>* of the state but are an integral part of the total cost.
the farm operator and his family and no charge for
`=ir *4 use of land and other fixed investments for tobacco Wh D Y I _ S I 19 ·
Vt P,.OduCti0,,_ _ V y 0 out is Qlllt c 100 .
The estimated operator and family labor used for (Cmiriiuwd from Page 3)
°"' 1¤·<><1¤¤i¤¤s thE woo toooooo Efop iu Kcutuckr fwEff the beliefs and attitudes held by the family. This sug-
/0 aged   hours per acre. 1`his amounts to a to