xt7dfn10qg60 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7dfn10qg60/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1947 journals 057 English Lexington. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Regulatory series, bulletin. n.57 text Regulatory series, bulletin. n.57 1947 2014 true xt7dfn10qg60 section xt7dfn10qg60 4 ‘ Regulatory Bulletin 57 >__> _ July, 1947
Commercial Feeds in Kentucky,
1946
Including Report on Oilicial Feed
Samples Analyzed
October-December, roto
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Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station
University of Kentucky
Lexington

 FEED AND FERTILIZER DEPI\Rt'[`MEN'l‘
KENTUCKY AGRICULTURAL EXPERDIENT S'l‘.\_'17I(,»_\‘
. BRUCE POUNDSTONE. Head of I)epR1·tmeut
FIELD INSPECTION
ROBERT IVIATIIEWS EDDIE PAsc0* N. J. HOWARD
LABORATORY
HARRY R. ALLEN VALvA MIDKIFF LELAH GAULT
STACY B. RAN1>LE·” J. A. SHRADER OZELLA GILBERT
W. G. TERRELI. ALICE H. KING°;° EI.IzAEET1I SWIFT
I WZ IL·¥i;iie¤l llllI'llX}.2` |i•\•i.
CONTENTS
Page
Tonnage in 19-L6 .__......_.__.........______.,....__.,_,__,_,,._________,___________________________________________ 3
Better Knowledge of Feeds ,_....___._______,____.____.._,._.____________._________________________________ 4
Registration of Feed .........................................,__......__,.__,_.________________,________________ 6
Read the Tug __,_____,___.____.,,__,_____._._,___________________,___,_______________________________________ _ _______ 5 .
System of Tagging ._,__._.___.________________________________,____________________________________________ _ _____, 7
"Yellew Tag" or Filler Feeds ........,.....______...._______,__.___.__,_________________,,_______   7
Summary of Results of Inspection and Analysis, 1946 ______,_,__,______________>,__ 5;

 Commercial Feeds in Kentucky, 1 Q4.6
The yea1· 1946 was critical for feed manufacturers and feeders
alike. Difficulty of getting ingredients and the great demand for
feeds began to be felt acutely in the first three months of the year.
Most manufacturers, despite the difficulties, kept their feeds up to
their former high standards and maintained their reputation for
high-quality products. .
Strain on feed supplies resulting from the program of relief
shipments abroad brought the feed situation to a really critical point
in the second quarter and on into the second half of 1946. Domestic
demand for feedstuffs reached unprecedented levels and feed 1na11u-
faeturers resorted to the use of materials not ordinarily used i11
feeds. Supplies of the ingredients considered satisfactory for feed-
ing purposes was stretched to unheard-of limits by combining them
with less valuable materials.
This situation brought the manufacturer and livestock feeder
face to face with very real questions. l\Ianufacturers had to decide
what changes needed to be made in their formulas as to amounts and
_ kinds and quality of ingredients, whether to maintain quality and sell
a. reduced volume of feed or to sacrifice quality and sell a larger
volume. The feeder, in addition to the difficulty of finding feed on
tl1e market, had to guard constantly against paying for inferior feed
at quality prices.
TONNAGE IN 1946
ln spite of this supply-and-demand situation, the feed manufac-
turing industry made a11d distributed the largest volume of feed on
record for the period January through September. Tonnage fell oil'
sharply, however, as soon as the 1946 crops became available, and the
total for the year was somewhat under that of 1945.
Tonnage of feed sold in Kentucky, as estimated from the num-
ber of tax tags issued by calendar years, beginning with 1940, was as
follows:
Year Tons
1940 ........................................................,......................,.... 353,138
1941 ..i.....,........................................................................... 350,000
1942 .....................................,.................,............i............... 426,805 »
1943 .............,.................,...i............,............................,...... 630,438
1944 ............,................................................,..........r........... 663,039
1945 ....................................,............................................... 671,350
1946 ...........,..........,............................................................. 647,661

 4 Rscuraroay BULLETIN No. 57
Of the tonnage for 1946, about 31 percent was dairy feed, 257
percent poultry feed, 5 percent horse and mule feed, 10 percent hog
, feed, and 2 percent dog feed. The balance of the tonnage was made
up of straight feed materials, mineral feed, and miscellaneous feeds.
A summary of estimated sales by class of feed, in tonnage, is
given in Table 1.
BETTER KNOWLEDGE OF FEEDS
Modern milling methods remove from grain byproducts used for
feed much of certain food nutrients such as protein, minerals, and
vitamins, which formerly were left in. Moreover, when soils become
depleted of essential mineral nutrients by intensive cultivation and
e1·osio11, the quality of the plants grown is lowered, and therefore the
average quality of food plants has tended downward during the past
few decades. Partly as a result, many supplement mixtures now are
on the market to "balance the feed ration."
The Department of Feed and Fertilizer tries to inform and to
protect pu1·chasers of commercial feeds by requiring that as much in-
formation as possible be given on the state guaranty tag concerning
the composition of feeds offered for sale, including the amount of
filler, when used. The amount of filler that can legally be used is
restricted to‘25 percent. .
Many feeders are in need of a practical knowledge of feeds 2I11(l
how to select them on the basis of quality and economic productive-
ness. Successful farmers who raise livestock must understand the .
value of the feeds they grow on tl1ei1· farms and should know how
to supplement their home-grown feeds with suitable material to
make a balanced ration. The Department of Feed and Fertilizer is
cndeavoring to protect the feeder against adulteratcd and misbranded
feeds and to carry as much practical information as possible to him
through the guaranty tag, inspection service, correspondence, and
publications.
Many manufacturers are rendering a valuable educational serv-
ice to farmers, and in this they are to he commended. Unfortunately,
lnowever. some are confusing the minds of feeders through extrav-
agant claims of salesmen and advertising. Because of this, they are
doing the feed industry, as well as the livestock industry, great
harm. Feeders needing help on their feed programs should be en-
¤···urage¤l to depend primarily on the county agricultural agent, the
Animal Husbandry Departinent, and the Feed and Fertilizer De-
partment of the Kentucky i\gri<·ultural Nxperinnent Station.

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 6 REGULATORY BULLETIN N0. 57
REGISTRATION OF FEED
The feed law of Kentucky requires each and every manufacturer,
importer, jobber, agent, or seller to register each and every brand of
feed classed as concentrates, or feed materials that have been ground
or mixed or processed, with the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment I
Station, and to label it with a state guaranty tax tag before selling
or exposing it for sale. If the manufacturer does not register it, then
the law holds any agent or dealer down the line to the seller respon-
· sible for registering and labeling the feed before it is sold to the
farmer or offered for sale. lf the feed is not registered it may involve
anyone who is responsible for placing it on the market, and especially
the agent or seller who handles it last in the transaction.
The law stipulates in general principles what information is re-
quired in registering feeds and what must be contained on the
guaranty tag. It also empowers the Director of the Experiment
Station to adopt standards and to make and enforce such rules and
regulations as he may deem necessary to carry into effect the true in-
tent and meaning of the act. The following information, which is
the guaranty to the state and to the purchaser, must be given in
the registration and printed on the state guaranty tax tag or label
which must be. attached to each bag containing the feed. Before
filling in the registration form, the 1nanufacture1· or applicant should
read and study carefully the general standards, rules, and regula-
tions which are usually printed on the back of the registration form.
If the applicant needs further information, he should write the Feed
and Fertilizer Department of the Agricultural Experiment Station,
at Lexington. The following information must be on the guaranty
tag: .
Net weight of the contents of bag.
The brand name of the feed.
Name and address of the manufacturer or the person responsible for
putting the feed on the market.
Minimum percentage of crude protein.
Minimum percentage of crude fat.
Maximum percentage of crude fiber.
Specific name of each ingredient used in making the feed.
READ THE TAG
The tag should tell the truth. The best information and protec-
tion the purchaser of feeds has is the tag and the honesty of the manu-
facturer. The purchaser should read the tag carefully and study the
guaranty. lt contains the name and address of the manufacturer and
his guaranty. Compare the tag with the record of the manufacturer
in the sunnnary of results in the back part of this bulletin. lf his

 COMMERCIAL Fuses, 1946 ` 7
- record is good, you can be reasonably sure the feed is what it is _
represented to be on the tag. If his record is bad, then the feed is
likely to be poor.
A feeder who buys on price instead of quality, tho price is always
a factor to be considered, is practicing false economy. A cheap
"yellow tag" feed usually is the costliest feed a farmer can buy,
because of the small amount and food quality of the nutrients and the
unwholesomeness of the feed.
SYSTEM OF TAGGING
This Department groups feeds into three general classes;
"straight" feeds, "straight mixed" feeds, and "yellow tag" feeds,
and labels, them accordingly. (See example of these tags, page 9.)
The purpose of this system of labeling is to mark conspicuously cer-
tain important differences in the character of feeds. It is designed to
aid in the selection of feeds. The tags are printed according to a
three-color scheme, as follows:
A manila tag prlmfecl in black ml: means a feed made from one
grain or plant. This class of feeds is known as "straight" feeds.
Examples: wheat bran, hominy feed, cottonseed meal, alfalfa meal.
A manila tag prlmiecl ln rccl ink means a feed made from the
products or by-products of two or more grains, or plants, or animal
by—products. Tl1is class of feeds is known as "straight mixed" feeds.
Examples; a mixture of wheat bran, hominy feed, and cottonseed
meal; a mixture of corn chop, crimped oats, wheat bran, and alfalfa
meal; or a. mixture of yellow corn meal, wheat gray shorts, ground
oats, alfalfa leaf meal, soybean oil meal, meat scrap, dried butticrinilk. _
A yellow lag printed in black tial; means a feed containing a
material or materials of little or no nutritivc value. Such are usually
known as "yellow tag" feeds. Examples; feed containing oat hulls,
corn eobs, cottonseed hulls, screenings and screenings refuse or waste, ·
or other similar materials containing an excessive percentage of fiber.
"YELLOW TAG" OR FILLER FEEDS
A "Yellow Tag" feed is one that contains a material or materials
of little or no feed value, as a "tiller." The filler material must not
exceed 25 percent of the mixture. Usually, the cheapest materials
that can be found are put into filler feeds. They vary widely in
chemical and physical composition. They may have some value as
feed, or may be worthless or even dangerous if containing poisonous
weed seeds, disease germs, and other foreign material, such as dirt

 8 Rrcuraroiw Bum.:-rrm No. 57
and sand. Often a farmer has on his place material going to waste of
as much or more feed value. · _
A "Yellow Tag" feed is one that contains a material or materials
of little or no feed value, as a "filler." The filler material must not
exceed 25 percent of the mixture. Usually, the cheapest materials
that can be found are put into filler feeds. They vary widely in
chemical and physical composition. They may have some value as
feed. or may he worthless or even dangerous if containing poisonous
weed seeds. disease germs, and other foreign material, such as dirt
and sand. Often a farmer has on his place material going to waste of
as much or more feed value. -
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF INSPECTION AND ANALYSIS, 1946
In the reports covering the analyses made by this department
for the first, second, and third quarter of 1946 and in the present
report, an effort has been made to draw attention to samples that
ran lower in quality by making them stand out in the report by the
use of bold face type and pointing hands. Samples so designated
failed to equal guaranty by one half of one percent or more (defi-
ciencies of less than one half of one percent are not considered evi-
dence of fraudulent intent) or where the feed was adulterated with
hulls, unground weed seeds, or refuse. If samples of the same feed
or of several feeds of a single firm continually run below guaranty,
or a1·e adnlterated, then such a manufacturer must expect prosecu-
tion. During the year nineteen such cases were filed and fines as-
sessed in all instances.
The results of analysis of inspection samples for feeds for the
last three months of 1946 are given on the following pages. Reports
covering the previous nine months have been published and may be
had by writing to the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.

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