xt7dr785k05m https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7dr785k05m/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1898 journals kaes_bulletins_075 English Lexington, Ky. : The Station, 1885- Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin n.75. text Bulletin n.75. 1898 2014 true xt7dr785k05m section xt7dr785k05m   KENTUCKY A C
» AGRICULTURAL LXPLRIAALNT SLALIUN    
STATE COLLEGE CF KENTUCKY. A
BULLETLN N0. 7;. A E  
COMMERCIAL FERTLLLZERS.   X 2
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g . KENTUCKY
I . BOARD OF CONTROL. ·
I , HART BOSXVELL, Chairman, Lexington, Ky.
° A ]. T. GATHRIGHT, Louisville, Ky. I
in - THOS. TODD, Shelbyville, Ky.
]. K. PATTERSON, President of the College.
M. A. SCOVELL, Director, Secretary.
STATION OFFICERS.
i I I M. A. SCOVELL, Director.
    A. M. 1>ETER,‘
- ~, } Chemists.
* H. E. CURTIS,
H. GARMAN, Entomologist and Botanist.
’· C. W. MATHEWS, Horticulturist. ·
Q,} ]. N. HARPER, Agriculturist.
or
I .. V. E. MUNCY, \Veather Observer.
EDWARD RHORER, Secretary to Director. I
Address of the Station——LEXINGTON, KY.
`   ` NOTICE.
  The Bulletins of the Station will be mailed free to any citizen of
Kentucky who sends his name and address to the Station for that ·
pl1I`POS€. i
, Correspondents will please notify the Director of changes in their
post-oiiice address, or of any failure to receive the Bulletins. _
I ADDRESS 1
` Kianrncxy Acnrcummzar. Exvnnrnanr suwvrion,
` i Liaxrxoron, KY.
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Butnzrin No 75 *
  I
COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS. , S _
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The Legislature, at its last session, amended the law regu-
lating the sale of fertilizers in this Commonwealth in several
, very important particulars. The new law went into effect
March 14th, in the midst of the spring season, when a large ii
number of manufacturers had already entered their fertilizers
for sale in the State for the year 1898 under the provisions of ._
the old law. The passage of the new law could not effect  
these, but all applications received after March I.},tl] were V `¤
entered according to the new law. \\'e publish i11 this bulle- ‘ it
tin the analyses of all the samples that had been entered by ·,
manufacturers for 1898 under the old law, and also the analy- l ·
_ ses of four samples, Nos. 38oo to 3803, entered by Dunn & _,  
Backer, Troy, Ind., in 1897 which were omitted from Bulle— l
tin No. 71 through oversight.  
As soon as possible after the passage of the new law, all i
manufacturers of fertilizers doing business in the State were
notified of its provisions, and we take this opportunity of pub- l   -
lishing the law among the farmers of the State, and of adding i _
a few words of explanation of the most important changes i
that were made, and of the proper method to follow in apply-  
ing for free analyses under the law.  
The new law requires manufacturers to make allidavit to the ,
Director guaranteeing the minimum analysis of each brand of
fertilizer which they propose to sell in the State and the Direc-
tor shall print this guaranteed analysis over his facsimile sig-
nature in the form of a tag, and every package of fertilizer
sold or offered for sale in the State shall have one of these
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  ` 78 Bu//ciizz N0. 75.
  tags attached, and this tag analysis shall be the standard by
  which the fertilizer is t0 be judged. The tag shall also show
‘ the net weight of fertilizer contained in each package. The ‘ p
manufacturer also sends to the Director a fair sample of each
, kind of fertilizer which he proposes to put on sale. The
Director is given authority to take samples for analysis from _
  · . any fertilizer on sale in the state, and is required to make
L every year at least one analysis of each kind of fertilizer that
_ ·_ j has been entered for sale. The law also provides that any _ L
Z purchaser of a fertilizer, who is mat azz agczz! or doa/cr, may
take a sample of the same, under proper regulations, and have
it analyzed at the Station free, and such a purchaser shall not
i be required to give the name of the fertilizer or of the person
' from whom it was bought until after the analysis has been
V made and reported. But after the purchaser has received the
  report of analysis he must give the Director all information
4, _   about the fertilizer that may be required for publication in the
‘ `; Station bulletins or for prosecution of the case if it appear
that the law has been violated.
Inroiirlxxr TO ClxREr¤m.Lv SAm>1.1e. It is very important
* that samples for analysis be carefully taken in such a way as
Q; to be sure that they fairly represent the fertilizer purchased,
g ’__ and we request that any oneintending to have an analysis
made will read Section S of the law very carefully before
taking the sample. To avoid the charge of unfairness in
sampling, the law provides that the person or agent who sold
the fertilizer be present when the sample is taken, but if this
.   . is not possible or convenient, the sample may be taken in
2 presence of two disinterested witnesses. It is required that
= the sample be taken from at least a tenth of the whole num-
ber of sacks purchased, but the more sacks sampled the better, X
I and it is always best to take the sample from at least two or
three sacks. A quantity should be taken from each of the
_ sacks selected to be opened, and all mixed together in one
. pile, and a quart jar hlled from the mixture. The jar should
‘ _ be sealed and marked with the name and address of the sender
in such a way that there can be no mistake about the identity
of the sample, and forwarded at once to the Director of the
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Canzvzeazial Fcn’z`!z'zers. 79 A
Station. The Station will furnish blank forms for the certiti- l
cate, which is to go with the sample., but if there is not time i
. to write for them, it may be made out after the form printed A `
herewith, (See page 84.) All such samples must be l
taken at, or soon after, the time of purchasing the fertilizer, 1 1
as it is not intended that a fertilizer be kept for months, possi— . S
‘ bly subject to change from exposure, and then be submitted to E |
analysis. ’ i
ESTIMATED VALUAT1oN. It will be noticed that under the E ‘
` ‘ new law the estimated value per ton is not given on the tag. T `
It was thought best, to leave it 0H for two reasons. First,
because the ingredients of which fertilizers are made vary in
price from time to time during the year and as the tags are
good for a year, or until used, the estimated value might not .
represent anywhere 11ear the true valuation during a portion ‘*
of the year, at least. And second, because it is much more
important that the farmer should buy 011 the percentage of
phosphoric acid, nitrogen and potash in the fertilizer than on if
the estimated value. The estimated value includes the value · i4`
of the nitrogen, the phosphoric acid and the potash. Some , i
soils only need phosphoric acid a11d others nitrogen, while still 1
others potash. Take, for example, a soil that needs potash ,  
o11ly—as the blue grass soil of Kentucky ; it is evident that a . lj
. fertilizer rich in potash should be purchased. Suppose, how- Z
ever, that a farmer living i11 the blue grass region should be _
offered a fertilizer containing IO per cent. of available phos— i·
phoric acid, 5 per cent. of nitrogen and 1 per cent. of potash.
The estimated value of this would be $32.90 a ton ; the potash ,  
in the fertilizer is valued at $1.40, tl1e phosphoric acid at l p
( $14.00 and the nitrogen at $17.50. Now, if he were offered  
_ this fertilizer, say at $25.00 a ton a11d its estimated value was t ·.
$32.90, he 111ight think he was getting it at a low hgure, and  
would purchase it i11 preference to another fertilizer rich in '
potash. He would be paying a large amount, however. for l
the phosphoric acid and nitrogen, which he did not need.
If, however, he did not purchase 011 the valuation, but on
the percentages of the ingredients, he would see at once
that 1 per cent. of potash and IO per cent. of pliosphoric acid

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  ~ 80 BI!//L`[l·}Z JVO. 75. f
  i and 5 per cent. of nitrogen_ was not the composition of fertili-
i · · zer he was seeking, and he would refuse t0 buy because it did
T A not contain potash in large quantities. Other examples might .
be given where nitrogen was needed, also phosphoric acid.
The only true way for a farmer to purchase a fertilizer is on
I its composition. He must look to see how much available
E » p phosphoric acid, how much nitrogen and how nmch potash it ‘
L contains, and purchase accordingly.
, l The estimated value of each fertilizer will be found in the
ix A fertilizer bulletins. l
The following is the law in full, and all farmers interested
in the use of fertilizers are requested to read it through care-
fully. To guide those who intend sending samples of fertil-
· izers for free analysis we have printed after the law the form
of certificate filled out so as to indicate how the blanks should
Q be filled :
f` · _ “f The Kentucky Fertilizer Law.
AN ACT Raouravrrnt; rua Sam: ov Fiaarrriziaas is trnrs Cosmos-
> \\'l:IALTH.
{J1 SECTION l. In each year, before any person or company shall sell, offer
ff ~ or expose for sale in this State any commercial fertilizer, said person or
company shall furnish to the Director of the Agricultural Experiment
Station of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky, which
Station is hereby recognized as the "Kentucky Agricultural Experiment
Station," a sealed quantity of such connnercial fertilizer, not less tha11
one pound, sufficient for analysis, accompanied by an affidavit that the
_ _ sample so furnished is a fair and true sample of a commercial fertilizer
" which the said person or company desires to sell in this State ; and said
{ affidavit shall also state the name and address of the manufacturer, the
name of the fertilizer, the number of net pounds in each package, and ’
the minimum percentages of the essential ingredients guaranteed in said `
fertilizer, in such form and manner as may be prescribed by said Direc-
' tor. p
Sm;. LZ. The Director of said Experiment Station, upon receipt of
Y affidavit and sample as provided for in section l and upon receipt of the
· fees hereinafter provided, shall issue to said person or company a suffi-
\ r cient number of labels to tag not less than twenty (20) tons of said fer-
tilizer, on which label shall be printed the name and address of the
manufacturer, the name of the fertilizer. the number of lléi pounds in
` "¤ . .

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- Comvzcrrzial Fcrf1`/zacrs. 81 1
each package, and the minimum percentage composition in terms ap-  
proved by the said Director as certified to in affidavit furnished by said  
person or company, together with a certificate from the Director over his
- _ facsimile signature, authorizing the sale of such package according to the i `
provisions of this Act. (
SEC. 3. Every bag or other package or quantity of any commercial ,
fertilizer, in any shape or form whatever, sold or offered for sale in this l I
, State, shall have attached to it in a conspicuous place a label as pro- A  
vided in section 2.    
SEC. 4. Any manufacturer or vendor of any commercial fertilizer, or I -
any person or company who shall sell, offer or expose for sale any fertil- , .
` ‘ izer without having previously complied with the provisions of this Act, · l ‘
shall be fined not less than one hundred nor more than five hundred
dollars for each violation or evasion of this Act.
SEC. 5. The Director shall receive for the labels described i11 section
2 of this Act fifty (50) cents for such number as may be required for one
ton of fertilizer ; provided, That he may not l:lll'l1lSl1 at any one time a
less number than is sufiicient for ten (10) tons of fertilizer. _,
SEC. 6. The Director of said Kentucky Agricultural Experiment l
Station shall pay all such fees received by him into the Treasury of the
Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, the authorities of which
shall expend the same in meeting the legitimate expenses of the Station, f`
and for inspecting and making analyses of fertilizers, i11 experimental , l_l
tests of same, and in such other experimental work and purchases as _l
shall inure to the benent of the farmers of this Commonwealth. The ‘ g
Director shall, within two months of the biennial meeting of the General ,
Assembly, present to the Commissioner of Agriculture a report of the . ,
work done by him, together with an itemized statement of receipts and  
- expenditures for the two years preceding under the operations of this Act. (
SEC. 7. The Director of said Experiment Station is hereby authorized,
in person or by deputy, to take samples for analysis from any bag or  
other package or quantity of any commercial fertilizer in the possession i
of any dealer or transportation company in this State ; to enforce the pro-
visions of this Act ; and to make and enforce such rules and regulations _ (
as he may deem necessary to carry fully into effect the true intent and  
meaning of this Act. g
l SEC. 8. Any person not a dealer in, or agent for the sale of any fertil- .
i izer who may purchase any commercial fertilizer in this State for his own  
use and not for sale, may take a sample of the same for analysis, which  
, analysis shall be made by the said Experiment Station free of charge. ‘
Such sample for free analysis shall be taken by the purchaser inthe pres- ‘
ence of the PETSOII, company or agent selling the fertilizer, from at least
ten (lll) per cent. of the sacks or other packages comprising tl1e whole lot
purchased, and shall be thoroughly mixed and at least one pound of the
material after mixing must be put into a jar or can, securely sealed and
marked in such a way as to surely identify the sample and show by
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g .   82 Bu/Zeiivz N0. 75.
  whom it was sent, without giving the name of the fertilizer or the person
  ` from whom it was purchased, and must be forwarded to the Director of
  the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington, Ky. The
, purchaser shall also send with the sample a certificate signed by himself .
D and witness, or by two witnesses, stating that the sender has purchased
the fertilizer for his own use and not for sale, and that the sample was
taken in the manner prescribed in this Section. Provided, however,
` that if the person, company or agent shall refuse to witness the taking of
, the sample, then the sample may be taken at the time of the purchase in V i
l _ ‘ the manner already described in the presence of two witnesses who shall
i certify to the manner of taking the sample. The purchaser shall pre-
. ` serve the oiiicial label from one of the bags or other packages sampled to ·
° ` be sent to the Director after having received the report of analysis of the
' sample, and at the same time he shall furnish to the Director the name
and address of the firm of whom the fertilizer was purchased and the
amount purchased ; and any person having sent a sample for free analy-
sis, under the provisions of this section, who shall, after having received
‘. the report of analysis of the same, refuse to furnish the required informa-
tion, shall thereafter forfeit the privilege of free analysis of fertilizers
‘ , under this section. But if any sample sl1all have been submitted for free
  analysis without all the requirements of this section having been com-
°» ..   plied with, the Director shall inquire into the case and may accept the
` `; sample for free analysis if he believe that it is a fair sample of the fertil-
izer as it was delivered to the purchaser.
SEC. 9. The label attached, according to section 2, to any bag or other
,_ package of commercial fertilizer sold, offered or exposed for sale in this
State, shall be accepted as the guarantee of the manufacturer, dealer or
  agent, that tl1e fertilizer contains the kinds and amounts of essential ingred-
Q ` ° __ ients printed on the tag ; and any person fraudulently attaching or permit-
ting to be attached to any package of fertilizer a fraudulent or counterfeit
label, a genuine label used a second time, or a label representing it to
contain a larger percentage of any one or more of the essential ingredients
than is actually found by analysis to be contained in the said fertilizer,
may be fined as provided in section 4 of this Act and shall also be liable
» p · for reasonable damages sustained by ·the purchaser of such fertilizer;
Provided, however, That a deficiency of one-fourth of one per cent. in
{ any of the essential ingredients shall not be considered evidence of
fraudulent intent. `
SEC. lll. The Director of said Experiment Station shall annually analyze
, or cause to be analyzed at least one sample of every fertilizer sold or offered .
for sale under the provisions of this Act ; and he shall publish in one or
more bulletins the analyses made during the year, together with the
V relative commercial value of each fertilizer computed from its analysis as
V he may determine, and the analysis guaranteed by the manufacturer.
v ` Sac ll. To facilitate the inspection of fertilizers, the Director is
authorized to require all manufacturers making shipments into or within
 _ ' ii} r . .

 _C0mmercz`aZ 1l‘?}’[Z'[Z·Z6’7'.S`. 83 »
the State to notify him of the kinds, amounts, dates, destinations and
consignees of all such shipments. A
SEC. 12. If the Director of the said Experiment Station shall believe
. that any fertilizer offered for sale in this State is of no practical manurial ` ‘
value, he shall refuse to furnish any labels to be placed on such fertilizer, Q
SEC. 13. All Acts or parts of Acts in conflict with this Act are hereby A ~
repealed. Whereas, the time is near at hand for the purchase of fertil- `I
izers for the spring crops, and as agriculturists are anxious to test the ,
I I analysis of their fertilizers, Therefore, an emergency is hereby declared ` 1
to exist, so this Act shall take effect from and after its passage. ’
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 , A Form of Certificate.
  A The following is the proper form of certificate to accompany samples _
for free analysis. The words in italics are supposed to have been written
in the blanks of one of our printed forms by the sender of the sample
, and give an idea of l1ow these blanks should be filled. Anyone intend-
ing to send a sample for free analysis can get these blank certificates by ‘ ’
l A — writing to the Station.
, ·, A Certificate for Free Analysis. l ·
A Suzi//zz·zA/!4·, Kxgjmze 1s/, 1898.
_ M. A. SCOVELL, Director,
LEXINGTON, KY.
A This is to certify that I am not a dealer in, or agent for the sale of any
. fertilizer, and that the fertilizer, a sample of which I have sent by express
l to von for free anal ·sis was urchased b * me for m · own use and not
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’* -—   for sale.
L I further certify that the sample was taken at the time of purchase
from at least lf) per cent. of the sacks or other packages comprising the
, whole lot purchased, and that it was taken as provided in Section 8 of
` the fertilizer law, in the following described manner, to wit : I upwzrd
  four .n1i%*s 4;/ l/14¢_Av·l1'/1A;·w· ami /00k jim show/sjG¢//j}·0z1z me/1 ami 1lLlA,L'L’lZ'
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