xt7dz02z4m66 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7dz02z4m66/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1940 journals kaes_circulars_003_346 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 346 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 346 1940 2014 true xt7dz02z4m66 section xt7dz02z4m66 Q ‘ H
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UNIVERSI I'Y OF KEN'I'UCKY 5 e
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ww COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE 5 _ i
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lack Extension Division 1 _ l
PE' l l g
THOMAS P. COOPER, Dean and Director ;  
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non _ ‘ _ _Q
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CIRCULAR NO. 346 E C .1
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LAMBING TIME i l  
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Lexington, Ky.    
January, 1940 ygaiggi 
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Publishéd in connection with the agricultural extension w01‘k CB1'1'i€d 0¤ by COUPBWUOU      
M the College 0f Agrieul|;ure_ University of Kentucky, with thi?   S- Department 0f Aglgg      
°“““’€· and distributed in furtherance or the work provided for m the Act of 0¤¤Bf€S$ J1 my P
Mw 8. 1914. ».=g,_€':;· 4
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    CONTENTS
{ E   Page
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2 E Feed and care ol pregnant ewes .....,..................... ;>
! l .
tf Rations .......................,...................... l
  Salt and water ..,...........................,........ 7
  Exercise ......,......,................................ 7
t· Preparation lor lambmg .......................,,........ 9
l'
  t Lambing quarters ..................................... 9 lh
  Clean the quarters ...... i .............................. l ll th
L;
  Lambing pens ........................................ ll) Sa
  The medicine chest and kit ............................. ll C21
  Danger from dogs, horses and hogs .......,.............. I2 all
  Lambing ................................................ l2
ill Assisting the ewe .........,........................... 13
E`. _ , wi
  Attention to young lambs ................................. lo Cx
if ’ _ s
  Clnlled lambs ..............................,......... ll la
  Attention to ewes ........................................ 18 th
 1: Udder trouble ........................................ 19 W
_;,` lan
 $ Orphan lambs ......................,................... 90
  _ OI to
 Q I-land-leedmg lambs ,,..,......,,......,...,......... · — W
 l Ailmcms ol' lambs .,,,________ V ___________,__,_________,_ 22 0[
  Pinning .......................,,,,,.,..,.,,,,....,... 22 PY
  Constipation .......................,................4· 25 ml
iii  . .
$4  Diarrhea ............................................. Zi
  _ . na
  Navel ill ............................................` 25 I
ie  W all
  Eye trouble ........................................... —~* ~ lt
  Sore mouth ........................................· · 94 im
 ii · 94 is
  Feed after lambmg ...........................,........   — t
, i _ ,. lll:
·¢;  (lull unproductive ewes ..................,.,,_........,... 3* . lh
S`.  - · ‘
_ D L D 1 t t gl b
gf  oc·in¤· ant cas ra in am s ,.......................... ·- J' im
  Summary ....... , ..................... , ......· -- 29 all
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  circuiar N0. 346    
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4 T`   ‘1 e‘=
7 LAMBING TIME 3 _ 5
7 By RICHARD C. MILLER 2 Z .  
Q The number of lambs saved by Kentucky sheepmen, in propor- y .—]
li) tion to the number of ewes in their flocks, is among the highest of { `  
the sheep-raising states. Nevertheless, thousands more could be lil  
lll saved if farmers generally gave greater consideration to the feed and l *3
11 care of the pregnant ewes, made adequate preparation for lambing, 1  
12 and gave closer attention to details during this critical period.   ` Y. Q
]2 FEEDING AND CARE OF PREGNANT EWES    
13 ` No amount of care and attention during the lambing season    
15 will result in a high percentage of strong, active lambs unless the lfyi,  
17 Gwes have been properly nourished and are in good condition for  
V lambing. lf the farmer does well his job of feeding and caring for   'i—·  
l8 the ewes during the pre-nursing period, granting that he had good    
19 CWCS to begin with, little trouble should be experienced during isle`? `_i`· ‘i
20 lillllbmg. lf he has depended on cheap, inferior roughage, such as     =V,  
2l €<>1‘n stover, non-legume hay and fodder, to supply the nutritional  
1`€quirements of the pregnant ewes, disappointing results with losses   5
( » ,.!Y‘j.,· we
22 ol both ewes and lambs may be expected. Such roughages may be i~·j';i’ 
22 1>1`0Htably used in connection with legume hay but never as the i;,Q;_j¥;Q_§
_ 1.l* ·~ V l. » 1
23 sole roughage ration.    
23 Under Kentucky conditions, ewes that are healthy and free from g 
23 Parasites usually start the winter in good flesh but frequently are  ={i,`§· ·=.’  
. . . . . . ` .;}:*4 V}
2,; allowed to get 1n a thin and weakened condition by lambmg time. jjvfgip;.  
9; ll is important that pregnant ewes do not lose flesh but steadily =3l;,,;Q__·.4;:;§
" m€l`€2lS€ in weight from breeding until lambing timé. A €W€ lllaf  
‘. · . , _ , . · L, “·j _’;·,¥·f.
24 1* lll gOO(l condition at breeding time should gain Cl10llgll Clllflng  
gy llw [>l‘C—nursing period to equal the weight of her lamb or lambs,  
Q_ - the @Xl1`3 growth 0f w()Ol and the nqeinbranes and fluids lost HI lamb-  
`/ mg? Which is about 15 to 25 pounds, Thin ewes should gain this  
29 amount in addition to the weight required to put them in normal  
°0lld1Kl0H. Farmers often think their ewes are thriving Wlliili lll€)'  
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. I 4 Kentucky Extenszon Czrcular N0. 346
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I I may be actually losing weight. Since the fleece obscures the actual .
    condition of the ewe, it is well to feel the back with the hand to
  I determine degree of flesh and not depend too much on sight.
;—I As soon as pastures begin to fail, the ewes should be fed some
i   hay, all, or the major portion of which, should be composed of
I . . , , . .
Q I allalla or other le ·ume. Iwo younds ol hav a da Jer ewe will be .
I c I
j I satisfactory as long as the ewes are getting a lair amount ol grazing. .
T . . . ` ` n
I  I Gram is generally added to the ration about three weeks or a month I
   - before lambing. lt is seldom necessary to feed more than M, pound
  ‘ . . . . . T ¤
I I a day per ewe until alter lambing, when the ration is usually increased _
I   _ to yl or l pound, depending on the amount of grazing available and I
I . . . . . .
I > the condition ol the ewes. Ewes with twin lambs, or thin ewes, may
i l require more grain. I
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A-  fl A feeding scene at lambing time on 41 large sheep farm. Note that the racks Ne $0 “h(
    constructed that sheep cannot get their feet into them and befoul the feed. tm).
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I   In most years, Kentucky farmers can have small-grain pZtSlUi`C· "' Im,
§,   such EIS rye, wheat or barley, for part or all of the feeding periOCl Hml [hc
K , in the Blue rass sections some farmers keey stock off ol Mm Ol the
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Lambing Time 7   I  
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Hg their bluegrass pastures in the late summer and early fall and get    
OU succulent bluegrass during the winter. Farmers so situated do not    
of need to use as much hay and grain as shown in the preceding rations   V · 1  
and may increase the percentage of corn and cut down, or omit    
_ entirely, the high protein concentrate. Barley, which is grown ex-   i_ V  
tensively in Kentucky, may be substituted for corn; and cottonseed l ;
meal or soybean oil meal for linseed oil meal. ‘ A  
\tVl1ile legume hay should form the basis of the roughage ration l ,  
lor breeding ewes, both before and after lambing, a less eHicient    
ration can, when necessary, be made by using non-leguminous   »  
roughages and adding enough protein concentrate to the grain   -,Vl
mixture to balance the ration. Wlien the non—leguminous roughage   .  
is used a calcium supplement will be needed. See Kentucky Exten- { U ;
sion Circular 326, Minerals for Livestock.    
Salt and l/Vater. Salt is necessary for all kinds of farm animals Q    
and the pregnant ewe is no exception. Instead of salting the flock      
once a week or when it happens to be convenient, as is often the    
I practice, salt should be available at all times so that the sheep can    
S have it at will. Coarse barrel salt is preferable to block salt for   .  
l)I`C€(llllg ewes. Iodized salt should not be used since this is not an    
iodine-deficient State.   .»   Q
A The ewe should have access to good drinking water at all times. I 2 b·'·'  
The average sized ewe when on dry feed during cold weather may   li',  
drink as much as a gallon a day before lambing and considerably    
more while nursing her lamb.     ‘.>· Q
Exercise. Adequate exercise, while of prime importance to the LSV.-§·_' a
]>1`€gnant ewe, seldom receives the consideration it deserves. Exer-   _r`4  
USG builds muscle and aids circulation, digestion and elimination. V    
It Tesults in better general health, stronger lambs and easier lamb-    
l“§·      
l Ewes generally get all the exercise they need while grazing but  
su When no grazing is available or when the ground is covered with  
*'l0W, it is iniportant that provision be made fOl` Clillly €XC1`Cl$(`.  
V- lliiily farmers solve the exercise problem during sucll l)Cl`l0(l$ by  
  lmlllillg the roughage some distance from the barn O1` shed Wh€1`C  
)[ llle ewes are accustomed {O being fed, thus compelling lllClH to g€l _    
[lm ¤€€ded exercise while walking to and from the feed. If €¤0Ugl1    
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~ l 8 Kentucky Extension Circular N0. 346
i   exercise cannot be had in a more convenient way it may pay to take n 
{   the {lock on a daily drive, for several weeks preceding lambing.
; G The ewes should never be hurried but allowed to walk leisurely. V [Oy
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Q   A good way of providing exercise when the ground is covered with snow.
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· · lm >ro Jer feedm dur n the re n r er od and lack ol
  _·1 1 > - u SIU 1 , 
i E sufficient exercise are believed to be largely responsible [or the heavy i
i ly losses of breeding ewes [rom the so-called pregnancy disease. EX- P
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  Ewes heavy in pregnancy should walk leisurely. . al ‘
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an  ]>Cl`lCI1C€ has taught that larniers who give close attenuon [0 [hc =  1
A .1 . . . . `. . _ .. re
  exerc1se and Illl[1`1[1OHZ`Ll reqmrenrents ol LllC1l' pregnant ewes haw _  
  . . 101
EE  the best results at lambrng t1me.
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Lambing Time 9 ,  
[ke PREPARATION FOR LAMBING    
ng. The sheep—raiser should plan his work so as to have extra time    
[or the flock during the lambing season. If he is unable to give the   ‘  
llock his personal attention during lambing or has more sheep than   t
he can properly care for, he should provide experienced help for    
  this period. Saving a few additional lambs will more than con1pen— V  
V sate for the expense of an extra man. Suitable lambing quarters ‘ l  
{ should be provided, individual lambing pens made ready, and the l  
shepherd’s medicine chest and kit supplied or replenished. If these { l
A and other matters are not attended to before lambing begins, heavy    
losses may result. Lambing time is the sheep owner’s harvest season Q j
and he must be properly prepared for it if he is to save the crop.    
l l
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V Ewes in good condition for lamblnz.   '_,.    
Lambing quarters. Lambing quarters where ewes and new-born l »V»’V  
lambs will be sheltered from cold and inclement weather should   _  
be PFOvided, well bedded with fresh clean straw. While there should   v· *  
· be Plenty of ventilation, it is important to guard against drafts and   j,  
V Small Openings thru which young lambs may wander and be lost Hlld   V .,  
‘ ll`0ZCI1. The quarters should be roomy, as 0\’C1`Cl`OW(lllig [116 CWCS    
V at this time is almost sure to be followed by serious consequences.     ,¢_,  
he  ii All gates and doors about the farm thru which ewes heavy in lamb    
ye ` MC likely to squeeze, should be made wide or kept Closed. Atteli-   i`   
MOH Should also be given to holes in barns and f€¤C€$· l      

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‘ Il) Kentucky Extenszrm Czrcu/ar No. 346
; Clean the qttatters. The quarters should be thoroly cleaned and i  aw
    disinfected, and the floor limed. Some farmers make the mistake ol no
l using the disinfectant only on the floor, but it is just as necessary PC]
E on the walls and posts for at least 3 feet from the ground. A good ‘ he
  <*oal—tar sheep dip is satisfactory. V Hm
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to t     _. -¢· *·"i~*"<"   J" ·~i"’/.t. ‘ ""if-·vt·t’Q'¢€’¤·&.··` n.  
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T r __ T at W L ·.__ V _ _-_ _\ ( _' — _4 .· _ . ·-Y t·~y¢‘*» ;..·:nJi» ·-  ;  
C, Lambing pens made or panels like those shown In previous picture.  
E . . . . - ·   *  
l' ` "l` lllllleral 01] should be On hand for use 1n Case of COUSIIPHUOU   _ y
1 - . - · ' ` <"·  
R I UT diarrhea rn lambs; and 3 l()-percent s0lut10n of argyrol IS l1S€tUl { g£__
lor treating sore eyes of lambs. Some good dlsinfectanh Such as i· 
  I IYSOL Creolin, creosote or coal tar dip, is indispensable. The l >roaches the [lock should be housed or — 
I _ S ll _ ; 
EQ  penned at night but ewes should not be put into individual lambmg "  
i  : >ens before lambin . Sometimes a ewe that is forced to lamb in .
l  L I gi
  , close quarters will, in giving birth to two lambs, mash the hrst one J 
E.  born by falling on it while giving birth to the second. The danger .
  is not so great where there is room for the lamb to get out of thi? ; 
Ei  wav. If records are ke >t of the time of breedin , the matter of _ 
_ . I S t H
  ascertainin · which ewes are about to lamb is eas r. See KentuCkl' 8
P , g } .
Q4  Extension Circular 301, "The Breeding Season for the Farm Fl0€l< is
is  of Shee   However, an ex erienced shee man will have little dif- g (lt
L N P P P
  ficulty in determining the ewes that are on the eve of lambmg· A P is;
fi  €W€ heavy in lamb appears uneasy, She has a voluminous abdOHl€¥l _  in
%~Y  and her udder is distended with milk. Xvithin a few hours of lamb T sit
 ig ing there IS a depression in the flanks, the muscles at the base oi FITC
if  tail relax and in some cases the vagina shows a water V discharge. ¤ ht
.`  D > I
F4?  During the busv >art of the season the she nherd should be Wlih * ~ lh
.~  e I I l _ ..
‘” ij the flock constantly during the day and should visit it zi number Ol  ·_ mt
  times at night, closely observing each individual ewe and rendeflllg ·  HF
  hel J wherever it is needed. X/Vhere the ewes have received YOPCY   01
  l
f`  
* .
E   

   ' l
Y ‘
Lambing Time 13 -
·- attention in the way of feed and exercise to prepare them for lamb- f
; ing, little difficulty is to be expected and the ewes will generally 1
"yean" their lambs without assistance. X/Vhile there will occasionally V
I be an abnormal case where a ewe will need assistance in the delivery
) of her lamb, assistance should not be attempted until it is actually A
C needed. The shepherd should keep a watchful eye on the ewe and ,
S if after prolonged labor she fails to make the birth it will be time ` §
. to render aid. y
tl
i      [ig   2 k— I  xi _.  _` 1 l
M . i n f  ’  ié u:-Qggw y .'(a·.·* Iv f y  ..      · N    -·  5 .;. ae ef   at   .» .   .
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1    tt.   ’·i· .   »`'`»   ‘=—. :‘Iw.`· · ·   *·’» `   Y;   §·1·.:·.   ‘ ;
·    .syss~7 . ·,·t   .’V— *     Qs _ 1 J
- "">-:?kT*¤·i*;;;>';   “      J 2-   ..Q ·     ‘Q·   ·
_ icy! il ‘ __l> lp, km;  · ,.1 ,-   W       x   g,. _r‘ ' .
 L       . .   ·* »~;.·.'  Adv-   ·‘"§ · 1 - .
l` _   ·~·__ - {   A; (7: its         il * .;*1 ` I ' n •   4
s-   »;i’     is . --?T_·· i-·` ·‘     ` -~ `-T ~·.· r ‘ .
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I »- ·   ¢*,,',,:;v   *,w}V_, 1 _§ ixn . 2, » { _ _ ·
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. ·· I  i`    ee  T;  `YZ -   I {
[ $1 _ _ __ s y A.} tif   *-re   ti     _,%_;.*   ·\‘~   _ -
. ··                 .a__   · , .
% _ V-   __   ,·»_  ·$i‘   1     ·_;._;é,
If the ewes are numbered before mating and a record of breeding is kept, it is easy to A
V tell when lambing will start.
f · Assisting the ewe. In assisting a ewe the attendant should first j _A
. .. . . . . . . . 1 1
determine il the lamb is in the right position for delivery; that {
i 15, with the head and forelegs forward and the head above and rest- j
l 111g on the legs. This can be done by gently placing the ewe on her {
‘ side and gradually introducing the hand into the vagina. .
3 The importance of sanitary precautions on the part of the shep- ;
l101`d when assisting a ewe cannot be overestimated. Before entering A Q
1 the ewe, the shepherd should see to it that his hnger nails are trim-   l
f med close, leaving no sharp edges, and thoroly cleansed; the hands   l
{ and arms washed with soap and water and smeared with carbolic Y ·
V 01} or dismiected and smeared with oil, vaseline or lard. The lard 1 _'
.i ;".:.:’$¤'

   - 
{‘ . 
I4 Kentucky Extensum Czrcular Nu. 346  
; j must be free from salt. lf there is any wound or cut on the hand or ,  ln
i arm, rubber gloves should be used for protection. Gloves should .» str:
Q l be kept clean and washed in a disinfectant after each time of using. . tin
l When it is seen that the ewe will be unable to make the deliver) { otl
1 without assistance and that the l