xt7f1v5bdt4k https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7f1v5bdt4k/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1957 journals 058 English Lexington : Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Kentucky Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Progress report (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n.58 text Progress report (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n.58 1957 2014 true xt7f1v5bdt4k section xt7f1v5bdt4k   Results of the
  KENTUCKY SMALL GRAIN .
A I* YIELD TRIALS - I957
_ By v. c. FINKNER me R. nucmuzns
Y   s I      SIII I ISs_ I  
··I   Breeders See d Field of Todd Wheat, V
· Woodford County, 1957
” Progress Report 58
f AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
¤ UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
  LEXINGTON
i
· ~ August 1957

 e
YOUR EXPERIMENT STATION RECOMMENDS 3
FOR THE 1957-58 SEASON
Winter Wheat varieties: TODD, DUAL, KNOX, VERMILLION gl
and VIGO
(Plant only Kentucky certified seed or seed known to be re- gt
latively free of loose smut.)
Winter Barley varieties: KENBAR and DAYTON ·
V4
Winter Oats varieties: DUBOIS, ATLANTIC, FORKEDEER
and BRONCO wv
(Seed supplies of Bronco not readily available for 1957
planting. )
Spring Oats varieties: ANDREW and MO. 0-2.05
Seed Source: Kentucky Certified Seed *`
Seed Treatrnent: Chemical seed treatment to control  
seed borne diseases. ii
Explanation of Terms used in this Report `
E:
l. Certified Seed; It is seed which has been grown in such a ~
way as to maintain the identity of a variety. It also helps to K
maintain freedom from weed and other crop seed and, in some
cases, freedom from diseases. The Experirnent Station re- _)
cornrnends that Kentucky certified seed be used whenever pos- N
sible for growing commercial crops of small grains. ·`
2. Chemical Seed Treatment: This treatment helps to control V,
a number of small grain diseases. It is relatively inex-
pensive and should be used whenever small grains are _
planted. Be sure to follow manufacturer's instructions for A
use. " ‘
3. Hard Red Winter Wheat: This refers to a commercial class j
of wheat. Since the different classes of wheat are used for
different purposes —- for exarnple, hard red wheat for bread r
S
2 O

 P
1
l' flour, soft red wheat for pastry flour, white wheat for cracker
T flour -— commercial buyers prefer to buy wheat from areas
producing only one class of wheat. Kentucky is primarily in l
X the soft red winter wheat area and {aid iii winter wheats
(X shoi.Ed__1étTDe grown here.
A. 4. Heading Date: The date when the head emerges from the leaf
. sheath. lt is important in determining the adaptation of a
variety in a particular area. ln general the early varieties
Q have been superior in Kentucky.
g 5. Hessian Fly: An insect pest of small grain, particularly
I wheat. It has been controlled primarily by planting wheat
,, after the average fly-free date. Susceptible varieties should
_ continue to be sown after the fly-free date. Todd and Dual _
` are the first varieties of soft red winter wheat to be resist-
.,»; ant to the fly. These varieties may be planted earlier or
later than the fly—free date.
6. Highest Yielding Group: The group of varieties whose yield
was not significantly lower than the highest yielding variety
° in that test. This is determined by subtracting the L. S. D.
;_ figure from the highest yield figure. Any variety that yields
as much as or more than that difference is considered in
# the highest yielding group.
7, L.S.D.: The abbreviation "L.S.D. " means least significant
_ difference. This is a statistical term used to estirnate the
, precision of a test. Two varieties differing in yield by less
than the L.S.D. cannot be said to differ in yield in that test
*9. if one wishes to be correct at least 95 percent of the time.
- As two or more tests are averaged and also over a period of
years the L.S.D. becomes smaller and smaller. More re-
- liance may be placed on small differences in average yields
: ; when the yields are averages of several te st locations over
several years.
i
{ 8. Loose Smut: True loose smut occurs in wheat and barley.
It is a serious disease in Kentucky. Methods for control are
2 through the use of resistant varieties, the planting of disease
,· free seed, or specialized water treatments. Chemical seed
treatment   gcontrol this disease. Smut in susceptible
‘>
3

   W
»s
varieties may be kept within reasonable control by use of
Kentucky certified seed each year. V
9. Mildew: A leaf disease which is ismportant in wheat and $
barley production. The only control of this disease is re-
sistant varieties. *'
10. Plant Height: This is irnportant from the standpoint of how
much straw or hay is produced. Usually the taller varieties
produce more straw or hay. "
ll. Rusts: Leaf and stem rusts often cause damage to our small _
grains. The only control now known is through the use of re- "
sistant varieties. Support your agricultural experiment sta-
tion in their effort to develop disease resistant varieties.
12. Septoria: Another disease which caused serious daxnage to *
wheat in 1957. No control method is now known. Chemical
seed treatment helps. p
g.
13. Soft Red Winter Wheat: (See hard red winter wheat) `
14. Straw Strength: A11 important characteristic, particularly 6
with combine harvesting. If the grain is lodged (wea.k
strawed) harvesting is made more difficult and quality is p
usually poor.
15. Victoria Blight: A disease important in spring oats. Con- .
trolled by growing varieties resistant to this disease. Recom— ,··.
mended varieties are resistant.
2
16. Weight per Bushel: Weight per bushel or test weight is a
measure of the quality of grain. Weight per bushel is one
of the factors determining the grade that is assigned in com- -
mercial marketing of grain. A price differential usually q _
exists for the different grades of grain. The higher the test
weight the better the quality and the higher the market value Q
unless the grain is down—graded by another quality factor. ’
17. White Wheat. Another class of wheat that should not be P
grown in Kentucky. S
l
4
v

 h
1
< 18. Winter hardiness: Winter hardiness refers to the ability of
_ the plant to survive winters when fall planted under Kentucky
i conditions. Most varieties of winter wheat and rye are suf-
& ficiently winter hardy in Kentucky. Winter barley and winter
oats often winter kill in Kentucky, therefore, winter hardiness `
* is an irnportant consideration. Winter barley is usually more
~ winter hardy than winter oats.
6* THE 1956-57 TRIALS AND RESULTS
{ In 1956-57, 36 varieties of winter oats, 36 of winter wheat
and 36 of winter barley were tested at the Experiment Station
A Farm, Lexington and the Experirnent Substation at Princeton.
_ Twenty—five varieties each of winter oats, winter wheat, and
winter barley were tested in cooperation with the Pennyrile
Q Grain Irnprovement Association on the farm of Mr. W. G. Duncan _
· Ill near Hopkinsville, and in cooperation with Murray State Col-
.: lege on its farm near Murray. Thirty—six varieties of spring
planted oats were tested at Lexington.
" These tests include varieties being grown in Kentucky and
i neighboring states, older varieties which have been produced
commercially in Kentucky and other states and experimental
5 varieties not yet named which were developed by Kentucky and
_ neighboring state experirnent stations. ln this report only the
naxned varieties and some Kentucky experimental varieties will
r be considered.
° WINTER WHEAT
ax
_ The season in general was not favorable for wheat production.
Prolonged wet weather in May and June was ideal for build up
* of leaf rust, Septoria and scab, and interfered with the growth
_ ‘ and development of the wheat as well as harvesting operations.
Yields in the western part of the state were only about half as
4 high as they were last year and the quality of the wheat also
{ suffered.
1
3 The highest yielding narned variety was Todd (see elsewhere
i in this Dublication for a description of Todd), a variety released
to Kentucky certified seed growers in 1956. Todd was followed
is
5
6

   K
is
closely in yield by other recommended varieties Knox, Ver-
million, and Dual. All four of these newer recomrnended varie-
ties appear to be higher yielding than Vigo.
• .
The variety Triumph had a satisfactory yield record this
year but should not be grown in Kentucky because it is classi— g
fied as a hard red winter wheat. Its yield was not superior to
most of the recommended soft red winter wheat varieties. `
The variety Genesee has had a satisfactory but not superior ·
yield record in Kentucky. This variety belongs to the white
wheat class and should Ec be grown in Kentucky. ,
Two new varieties, Racine from Wisconsin and Lucas from
Ohio, have had good yield records but do not seem to be superior -
to our recommended varieties.
The older varieties Clarkan and Trumbull were decidedly in· "
ferior to our recommended varieties.
s
Some of the Kentucky experirnental varieties appear prom- Z.
ising but need additional testing before any decision concerning y
them can be made. `
6
In following tables are shown the yield data at the different
test locationsin 1957, and a period of years surnmary of yield *
and other irnportant agronomic characteristics.
TODD WINTER WHEAT `
9'¥
Todd is a variety of soft red winter wheat. It is beardless,
white—chaffed, stiff strawed, averages 6 to 8 inches taller than "
Knox and heads approximately at the sarne time as Dual. Todd ·
is winter-hardy. It is intermediate in leaf rust resistance and
susceptible to Septoria. In field tests it was highly resistant to
mildew in the seedling and adult plant stages, and highly re- ’
sistant to loose smut and soil—borne mosaic. Todd is somewhat I
low in test weight, averaging 2 pounds less than Knox, Vigo and A
Vermillion. It is resistant to hessian fly. It has had the highest V
average yield per acre over a period of years in Kentucky wheat r
variety tests.
9
Q
6
v

 :
Winter Wheat Varieties
9 Yield in Bushels per Acre, 1957
Locations
13 Le>;i.ng— Prince- Hopkins- Mur-
- Variety ton ton ville ray Av.
A Narned Varieties
i' TODD 31. 5* 34.2* 20. 6 20.8* 26.8
KNOX 28.6 30.5* 22.8 23.8* 26.4
54 VERMILLION 26.6 32.-3* 21.7 24.5 26.3
Triuznph 35.0* 29.6* 21. 1 18.9 26.2
J Genesee 34.5* 27.7 23.0 16.5 25.4
4 DUAL 33.0* 28.5* 21.0 18.4 25.2
Racine 34.9* 28.6*' 19.0 16.9 24.8
_Q Lucas 28.0 24.2 20.2 21.9* 23.6 3
VIGO 28.1 21.3 18.8 17.4 21.4
.: Clarkan 25.6 23.4 19.6 14.7 20.8
Trumbull 23.2 17.2 14.8 17.0 18.0
.s
· Ky. Experimental Varieties
- Tay. 54-8904 34.6* 31.8* 30.7* 25.5* 30.6
5 Ky. 55-283 26.3 30.6* 30.4* 26.2* 28.4
  Ky. 55-241 31.4* 31.5* 24.2 22.4 27.4
_ Ky. 54-8699 30.0 28.1 20.8 25.3* 26.0
Ky. 54-8713 32.4* 30.9* 20.2 20.7* 26.0
" Ky. 49-6879 32.8* 30.5* 21.1 12.8 24.3
· Ky. 54-8473 29.0 26.4 21.9 13.8 22.8
Ky. 54-8701 28.8 23.5 22.1 15.6 22.5
1 _._ Ky. 54-8793 30.0 18.8 18.0 13.1 20.0
Exp. Av. 30.3 26.6 22.5 19.4 24.7
-; L.S.D. .05 6.2 5.8 5.0 6.2 -——-
4 *Highest
J yielding
V group 30.1 28.4 25.7 20.0 —-—-
1 (Recommended varieties are capitalized)
· i
a
' 7

 s
WINTER BARLEY
The winter barley crop developed nearly normally and rea-
sonably good yields were obtained at all locations except at ·‘·
Murray. Poorly drained soil and excessive rainfall contrib-
uted to the low yields at that place. Leaf rust appeared early l
on barley and caused some darnage. Excessive rainfall inter-
ferred with timely harvest and resulted in poor quality, weather- A
damaged barley. The outstanding performance of the recom-
mended varieties Kenbar and Dayton is in the following tables. "
Kenbar and Dayton were in the highest yielding group at all
locations. {
The variety Kenate, recently released from Canada, was
also outstanding. It is a variety sirnilar to Kenbar under Ken-
tucky conditions. Seed stocks of Kenate are not readily obtain-
able. gf
The variety Mo. B-475, recently released from Missouri, -
had a satisfactory yield performance but has been weak strawed gi
under Kentucky conditions .
s
The variety Hudson was lower in yield this year than might .;
have been expected. This was probably due to the season being
more favorable to the earlier maturing varieties. ul
The varieties Ky. 1, Meimi, and Tenn. Hooded appear to be
definitely inferior to the recommended varieties Kenbar and A
Dayton under Kentucky conditions. ,··
Some of the experimental varieties show promise of having kr
superior performance but need additional testing. _
s _
é .
Y
f
9
 
8
7

 I ¤
° Winter Barley Varieties
j Yield in Bushels per Acre, 1957
 
‘¤ Locations
Lexing— Prince- Hopkins- Mur-
Variety ton ton ville ray Av.
;, Naxned Varieties
*5 KENBAR 54. 7* 47 . 7* 49. 0* 36. 2* 46. 9
Kenate 61. 0* 44. 8* 48 . 8* 32 . 8* 46. 8
y DAYTON 57.0* 44.6* 50.0* 29.6* 45.3
 7 M0. B-475 48.7 45.3* 46.9* 35.0* 44.0
Ky. 1 53.5 36.8 42.8* 25.6 39.7
`_ Hudson 60.8* 32.3 35.7 26.8 38.9
" Meimi 45.2 27.4 38.2 12.6 30.8
_: Tenn. 28.2 24.6 23.1 13.4 22.3
Hooded
,•
E Kentucky Experirnental Varieties
7 Ky. 55-63 64.4* 47.0* 47.9* 29.2* 47.1
Ky. 53-3903 59.7* 40.2* 41.2 33.4* 43.6
’ Ky. 51-5752 62.8* 33.4 44.7* 32.8* 43.4
° Ky. 51-5321 62.1* 35.4 45.8* 24.0 41.8
; Ky. 55-167 48.6 40.3* 47.8* 25.8* 41.3
Ky. 49-4925 55.0* 41.6* 43.8* 23.6 41.0
ri Ky. 55-105 63.0* 30.5 40.6 22.1 39.0
li Ky. 50-5400 53.8 31.8 43.4* 23.3 38.1
_ Ky. 55-202 49.5 40.0* 41.0 21.9 38.1
· Exp. Av. 50.4 36.0 42.1 25.0 38.4
_; L.S.D. .05 10.2 7.7 8.4 8.4 —--~
i` *Highest
n yielding
g groug 54.2 39.7 41.6 27.8 ----
_ (Recornrnended varieties are capitalized.)
•
i
c 9

   L
s
WINTER OATS `
The winter oat varieties were injured severely by cold *
weather at Lexington where non—hardy varieties winter—killed '
completely. Very little winter killing occurred in the other *_
experirnents. Yields were relatively low at all locations again
partially due to excessive wet weather. Crown rust came in *
early and also reduced yields. Very few varieties are com- _
mercially available that are winter hardy enough for Kentucky A,
and some of those are not satisfactory agronomic types. The
variety Bronco was the top yielding variety again this year. Q
Bronco is a new variety released by the Texas Agricultural
Experiment Station in 1956. Seed is being increased in Ken- ‘
tucky but will not be available before the 1958 planting. ic 
The other recommended varieties Atlantic, Forkedeer and
Dubois performed well. Dubois was lower yielding this year *·
probably because of rust darnage. Usually crown rust is not a
lirniting factor in production of winter oats . "
K
The variety LeC0nte performed as well as the recom- i
mended varieties but not superior to them. LeConte has been
considered too winter tender for Kentucky conditions. Oat *
varieties that are used in the more southern states, such as
Mustang, Arlington, Lee, Fulgrain, Victorgrain, Arkwin, *
Fulwood, should not be us ed in Kentucky because they are not .
winter-hardy enough for our conditions. k
Of the experirnental varieties Ky. 53-368 has been out- "'l
standing and is being increased for more complete testing.
Q.
ew .
 
O
•
4
10 '

 A $
Winter Oat Varieties
Yield in Bushels per Acre, 1957
5
_ Locations
* Lexing— Prince- Hopkins- Mur-
. Variety ton ton ville ray Av.
A Named Varieties
.:
BRONCO 43.8* 52.7* 36.5 46.0* 44.8
3 ATLANTIC 34.2 54.3* 50.9* 33.5 42.8
LeC0nte 38.7* 54.7* 29.6 38.0 40.2
T FORKEDEER 34.5 50.0* 34.2 37.2 39.0
7 DUBOIS 36.5 48.2* 30.2 40.0 38.7
`G Kentucky Experirnental Varieties
; Ky. 53-368 44.9* 49.4* 34.7 41.9* 42.7 _
Ky. 54-490 29.7 43.6* 38.5* 58.8* 42.6
J Ky. 54-773 32.2 41.6 40.6 54.8* 42.3
s Ky. 54-1032 28.4 44.8 37.4 46.4* 39.2
Z Ky. 54-489 29.4 47.0* 40.6* 38.0 38.8
Ky. 53-820 35.2 54.9* 28.5 30.2 37.2
4 Ky. 54-829 29.6 44.7 30.8 26.8 32.3
0 Ky. 53-352 33.9 27.0 30.1 28.0 29.8
2 Exp. Av. 34.9 46.0 34.6 38.0 38.4
V; L.S.D. .05 12.0 9.0 9.0 18.0 —---
*Highest
yielding
' group 37.2 45.9 37.6 40.8 ----
- ; (Recommended varieties are capitalized)
1
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