xt7fbg2hb517 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7fbg2hb517/data/mets.xml New Jersey Historical Records Survey Project Division of Professional and Service Projects, Work Projects Administration New Jersey New Jersey Historical Records Survey Project Division of Professional and Service Projects, Work Projects Administration 1940 179 l.: ill., maps 27 cm. UK holds archival copy for ASERL Collaborative Federal Depository Program libraries. Call Number: FW 4.14:N 42j/3/no.15 books  English Newark, N.J.: Historical Records Survey  This digital resource may be freely searched and displayed in accordance with U. S. copyright laws. New Jersey Works Progress Administration Publications Archives--New Jersey -- Ocean County -- Catalogs Ocean County (N.J.) -- Politics and government -- Sources Ocean County (N.J.) -- History -- Sources Inventory of the County Archives of New Jersey. No. 15. Ocean County (Toms River), 1940 text Inventory of the County Archives of New Jersey. No. 15. Ocean County (Toms River), 1940 1940 1940 2020 true xt7fbg2hb517 section xt7fbg2hb517 III III"

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INVENTORY OF THE COUNTY ARCHIVES
OF NEW JERSEY

roMs RIVER .' "

PREPARED BY ' "
THE NEW JERSEY HISTORICAL RECORDS SURVEY PROJECT

DIVISION of PROFESSIONAL and SERVICE PROJECTS
g WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION

NEWARK, NEW JERSEY

THE HISTORICAL RECORDS SURVEY f I
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OCEAN COUNTY COURT HOUSE

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INVEVTOKY OF THE COUNTY AKCHIVSS OF NEW JERJEi

 

 

 

 

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Nawark, New Jersey
The Historical Records Survey
1940

 The Historical Records Survey

Sargent B. Child, National Director
Carl John Bostelmann, State Director

Research and Records Section
Harvey E. BecknellS Director

Edward J. Bennett, Regional Supervisor
Edward J. Boyle5 State Coordinator

Division of Professional and Service Projects

Florence V. Kerr, Assistant Commissioner
Elizabeth C. Denny Venn, State Director

WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATICN

F. C. Harrington, Commissioner
Robert W. Allan, State Administrator

 

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PEiE FaCE

The historical hocords Survey of Y’ew Jersev was orEen
e s' f

February l956 as a division of the Federal it
Progress Adminisoration. In Iovember of tLe a
came a separate N'tion— wide unit of Federal Prof
nical supervision oi Dr. Luther H. Evans9 flat 0
t

the administrative suo FVloth of .. Elizabe h Denny Winn. State
Director of Professional dd berries Pr Jets. The Furvev is r
nationally by Sargent B. Child, Yational Director. On Se ten“
the New Jerse project becr n r ‘

e

amo a State-wide project unde
r

    

 

 

   
   

 

 

izeo in
- the Works
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sorship of the New J rsev State "lanl.; Boaro. At 1 es:;t9 in a

to those mentioned above, tie project is und;r the saferviSion of
as Cronin, ‘ gional Supervisor of Professional and Service Fro
Hr. R. C. Eranion, Regional Director of ‘TA.

The Inventory 9: the Jovity Archive of 433 Jersey will, when
completed, consist of 2' volumes; ore for each county in the State. TLe
individual units are to be numbered according to their respective rosi-
tio: in an alphabetical list of the counties. Thus, the inventory here—
with presen ted for Ocean County is ho. 15. The inventories of the State
and municipal archives will be published in separate series.

3 preparing a ‘1 I state—

county government. to we entitled

_._12E gegsgi. It is expected tliat this hook ill

book on the orga ization, structure3 and evolution of
New Jersey, and IJlll make it unnecessary to repeat

e eneral ini‘ormation in the various ir ventories. The
ff y f u, ”for” ‘on

0 ice essays in this invent or3 are, therei0"e limited to in
on the creation of the off ice and its present status5 t

he hann

it is filled, and the term. In addition, a sentence or two se
the rxujor duty or function of the office has been inclide ‘ A
leQ ‘

slat ion pertaining to this county will be found in the gov
zatio n essay.

 

a
r in which
r

tti‘g forth
ll speCial
err mental

Work on the survey of the records in Ocean County began
April 125 1940 and was completed August 15, 19400 The field work was
supervised by «ussell S‘mayze, District Supervisor9 assisted by Ernest
L. Iyll, Mrs. Hilda Ferguson. and the local staff. The recheck \as made
by Allyn G. Jackson and momcers of the editorial staff.

The historical sketch was written by James Mooreri, with the
{1

aid of Lawrence M. Jones. The essa3 on the housing cares and
bility of the records was prepared by Jea an L. Seville. The
governmental organization is the work of William Yacavone

5 wig

  

  

    

   

with his staff, is also responsible for the es says on the various
county offices, with the e; ception of the court essays which were
written by} tarry R. Fox, member of the New Jersey Bar. The maps and
charts were prepared by Rooert Carlson. All of the above menticr ed
sections of this pus lication were edited by Elmer V. Swans “up ervisor

of the Essay Department 01 the project. All legal citations we re

checked by the Legal nesearch Department, Thomas P. Chichi Supervisor.

The entries were written and edited under the supervision of Allyn C.
Jackson, with the assistance of Louis J. Perrelli, Myra Oxford5 Harold
Nate ers, and H. Alfred Hapa. The entire inventory was compiled under
the editorial supervision of liaxb Birnbaum, Consult "nte Format design
and publication of this inve nnto ry were under the direction of Harold
Pa Mountan. Aoministrative detail of the project vas directed by
Gustave Ioeppe, Assistant Proj ect Supervisor.

The inventory in firalr manuscript form was edited by metel 5.
Brodie5 Assistant Archivist in charge of puoli 0 records inventories: Of

the ‘ ational office stei‘i.

The various volumes of the Inventorv of the Cougtv Ar

 

     

   

d
E. QEEEEX Will be distributed without chazse to government ClliC955
l ‘ies, and historical societies in New e d ‘ t tu-
tions and depositorie in other states. A ther
vollnes alreedr publi s1ied will be found on 1i”
03‘ ion 6

This inventory could never have es en ccmpl ete d ut for the
COOPEration of Cargent 3. Child, Tational Director5 and oi the offiCials
0” ocean County. Grateful acknowledgment of their aid is heseby given.

The editorial sta ff of tie Historical records Survey of New
oer 1

Sey T/ishes to exp1ess its gratitude to Rooert J. Alla11cStat

istrator, for his pens01al service and attention which were of inesti-

A is aid in the prodicticn of this inventory and for the continuar e of
7 vey under local sponsorship

w
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D
B
1..)
t,
. .
l

Requests for information concerning any unit of the inventory
Should be addressed to the undersigned at 1060 Broad Street!c News

77A

new Jersey.

“5
.‘F'
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WfiLJ.K6EfiQRI
tate Director

AUgust 19 40

  

  

GOVERHLENTAL ORGAII ’TION

Introduction. Administration. Tinance:

iVIATIONS, SYLEOLS, AND EXPLANATORY ESTES

BOARD OF CHOSEN FREEHOLOTRS

COURT OF CHANCEH'

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

HISTORICAL bKETCH
laps of Boundaries of Ocean County

- u u u o n 0 n u n r u a n o

o u o a . t

a o u - n s o u . u

of County Government .

HOUSING, CAKE, AND ACCESSIBILITY OF TFT 37C

UNTY CLERI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real Property: Deeds: .ortgages; Ass
Discharges, and Releases of Iortgages; Ger
Registers; Notices of Lis Pendens; Yechan
Jotices of Intention and Liens, Stop thi
and Building Agreements; Roads: flaps; Jis
laneous Property Records. Personal Props
Chattcl and Crop Hortgages; Conditional 3
of Cale. Tiscellanecus Real and Personal
erty Records. PhySicians' and Hospitals'
Liens. Corporations and Trade Names and.
Hunicipal Incorporations. Taxes. Electio
Officials' Oaths and Bonds. Licenses r

r ;

tificetes. Soldier Sailors. a;d
Firemen. Bonds: Bell; Miscellaneous.

tices' of the reace Recor 5. Newspapers.
Hiscellaneous. rinancial Records.

  

L1
(N

(Dr—JG)

-
.

Taxation;
Fiscal Control. Recording. Administration of
Justice. Enforcement of Law. Elections. Educat
Welfare. Health. Public Works. Eiscellaneous.

 

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27

29

35

       

 

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XIII.

xx» I - ,v
A ‘v‘ o
4‘s. A. ll

XVI.

7711.

    

Contents

COURT . .

o
u
n
0
a
o
-

COURT OF OYER AN TE MINER . . .

COURT OF QUARTER SEOCIOUL , , .

COCA: O“ SPECIAL LESCIOio . . .

ClaCUIT COLKT . . . . . . . . .
Minutes. Cree Pa

COUAT OF COI”O” PLEA”

Iinutes.
ment;
Pensiors.

Execution Records.

Vidows'

Records.

o

 

Agre »wrnt . Liquor fleecids. er:

Nature lizaiion Records. Hiscellaneo
DISTRICL COURT (refunct) . . . . . . .
C"ALL C‘CS E COURT . . . . . . . . . .
ORPHA”" COURT . . . . . . . . . . . .
CU;uOGATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probazes and Adminis+ration of Esiates

Guardianship. Inventories. Accognt

FinanCial Records. Lise llaneo

ence.

COURT (Defunct) .

warn-‘-

\JU;_'..IL L'TC‘

 

CHIEF PROBATION OFFICER . . . .

COUNTY COUNSEL . . . . . . . .

SHExIFE‘ . . . . . . . . . .
Dockets. C=
Records. F

graphs.
Records.

my

CUB

s. Execgti

nvS, Case Histories,
arrants.
Jail Records.

.371
9:.4.

118

Sales.

0 o | . a
. ¢ . . .
. a u . .
. o - . .
. a a . .

. .
,:+
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-
o c n c o
u . a n o
y u a | I
o o o . .

rr sp no—
. O I O I
I I O I O
O O O I I

and

Financial

Jury
Photo-

m
\I‘

0

70

m
(D

(3)
L0

100

101

102

    
 

J of Contents

XX.

YLXVC

XXVI.

XXUII.

XXVIII.

XXIX.

XXX.

XXXI.

XXXII.

XXXIII.

    

PROSECUTOR OF THE PLEAD . . . . . . . .
Daily Record and Case Papers. Miscellaneojs.
Correspondence.

JUSTICE OF THE PL ACE . . . . . . .
SUFERINTENEEIT OF ‘nEIGHm MID IEASUFES
CORONER . . . . . .

o u c o o n I

COUNTY BOARD OF TAXATION . .
Tex Lists. Abstracts 0

Appeals. Correspondenc

.

a u e v c u

f Re tables ard Exempti01's.
Budgets. Assessments of Ba nk Stock.
e

Je lustione.

‘ n a a 0 I

Vouchers and Peceipts.

COUNTY TRE SU‘EB . . . . J . . . . .
Bonds and ib otes . Ledgers
ay Roll cords. Reports. Miscellaneous.
Correspondche.

SINKING FUND COEKISSION

o
0

COUNTY BOARD 0? 3T? CT

1 1

ONE . . s . . .

COUNTY SUrn"I'i_ DENT CF SCHOOLS . .

Kinutes. Teacliers' Records. Reports.
Terms of Office and Election Records.

Contracts.
Tarrants.

Bulletins. Eighth Grade Pupils‘ Records. Kis—

cellaneous. Cor res spondence.

COUNTY ELF ARE BUnh‘D . . . . . . .
Minutes. Case Histories. Reports.
miscellaneous. Correspondence.

COUNTY ADJUSTER . . . .

SUPERINTEIDENT OF THE HEALTH DEFAP WT .mi
General Index. Case Histories. Fiw
Miscellaneous. Correspondence.

COUNTY JAIL PHYSICIAN . . . . . . . .

SUPERINTENDENT OF SOLDILRS BURIALS .

COUNTY ENGINEER

- o o a 0 t 0

snoiel Records.

119

122

123

124

[.4
{\7
L0

132

133

135

136

    

Table

 

;«,X~.1; 4 a

./;J_1 a

 

of Contents

COU'LITY SUP ET’VILOV OF

im: and Costs
Wt Recalds.

1q¢xm 0 (Kb EEJIO’

COULTWY ELECT ICAL

COUL '7" ' LI: :;A \Y CO . .Iw uIOl,

CO;ZL'I 'UIO1 E I O? 5E0};

ELLEAT' OF .UEL I CITY .

CEIROITOLOC—ICAE IETDEK .

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BUREAU

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Report is .
11806-112113:

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Historical Sketch (First entry, p. 38)

and sighted Barnegat Bay before continuing to his memorable discovery of
the Hudson River.6

Though discovered very early, the South Jersey coa st did not
attract any settler: until 1664. In spite of the objections of the
Dutch, a group 01 Quek;rs from Gravesend on Long Island
oi land near mend; Hook from the lndi an 8e01

 
  
     
     
  
  
  

 

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may be planted, rnnmred, and inhabited," / miter

New Netherlands Governor Ni cello took co~ni E.nc
9 L

in 1665 grerted their colonists the historicrll‘r

By virtue of this patent t' d t

the heritin River us for

   

 

 

County nd hence ”South East eri by bou h, e til
Ocean,” t0{3:t .1er wi h all “Soils. Hivers, Creeks
minerals, (soyfl Liles cheepteo) guerries, 'occs
Harshes, Waters , Lake.. :ishirgs, Hawkings, Hunt
”Profits, Commodities, and hereditaments.“ ,ertu

The rights and privileges secured by the Honmouth Patent, how-
ever, had only a very dubious claim to legality for, in the prev10us year,
Je emes, Duke of York he d lees ed Few Jersey in perpetuity to Lord John
Ber rkeley, Sir J orze Certeret, their heirs and assignees.9 Kaiy settlers
ho otly ccnte steti every effort of the Proprietors of East Jersey to estab-
lish undisputed ‘itle to the lands of the Dionne ith— ~00ean ares. Litigation
over land titles contizued thrOJghout the colonial period, and, occasion—
ally, fierce protests ugai net the actions of the Proprietors found lSS"€
6. Robert Juet, mate on the gel: Egon, wrote in his log b

1669: ”Then the sunne arose, and we steered away nort
saw the land from the west by north to tr 13 northujst b
like broken islands....:rom the land Thich we he 5 rs

    

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d i
u;;+ill we came to a ,reat eke of meter, as wee could
A_i “negate Bay_/, being drowned land, which male
islandsE which was i

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Ct
q+

many shoalds, and the
mouth....At ‘

leagues. The douth

O

7. William Adee Whi ehe"
Series, I, 43, 44 (he
Archi’

  

    
 
  
 
 
   

  

 

    

Historical Sketch (First entry, p. 38)

in land riots.lO

The beginnings of actual settlement in Ocean County are indi-
cated in a letter which Samuel Groome wrote to the East Jersey Proprie-
tors in August 1683. As Surveyor for the Proprietors he planned to sur-

vey and purchase land in the Barnegat country so that a settlement might
be established there. For there were many

"both of New England, New_York, and sgme
parts of this province [LNew Jersey—_/,
stands ready to sit down in that part of
the country, not only for the sake of the
good upland and meadows....but also for
the sake of the whale trade, and other
fishing trade, which is like to be there
shortly".ll

Ioreover, ”New~England-men and others, were a tampering with the Indians,
to have purchased there, before and since we came....” 12 The serious
settlement of the county began about 1740 when purchases of land from the
Proprietors became frequent and several sawmills were set up.13

lC. Archiyeg, First Series, I, 46 ff., 56, 272 ff.;

ii, 322 ff.

The most severe of the disturbances were the land riots of 1700.
The crux of the dispute was the question of the right of t e East
Jersey Proprietors to exact quit-rents from the colonists who
claimed title to the lands from the various grants of Governor

.i

olls. The Proprietors claimed that the ”Right to the Soyle and
t-Rents of the Province” was conferred upon them by "Grants from

1,

.0 Kings of England” (érchives, First Series, ::i, 345). Further-

re, in answer to the Remonstrances of the Inhabitants of East

oursey, the Proprietors contended that although they might "in
strictnesse of Law have avoided the Patents" granted by Governor
Iicolls, they had 0 fered "t9 confirm those crazy titles and never
molested the Z_Petitioners__/in their possession" until they
refused to pay the quit-rents (grghives, First Series, II, 347, 348).

11. Samuel Smith, The History pi the Colony g: Nova-Caesaria,
Jersey, pp. 17:, 173 (hereinafter cited as Smith, Eisisrx

13- lbig., p. 173.

l3. William Nelson, ed., The New Jersey Coast in Three Centuries, I,
244 (hereinafter cited as Nelson, The New Jersey Coast; William H.
Fischer, et al., Biographical Cyclopaedia pi Ocean County, New
jersey, p. 32 (hereinafter cited as Fisher, chlopaedia Q; Ocean
County).

n
v
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N e w

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NemrJersey).

  

    

  

Historical Sketch (First entry, p. 38)

   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
  
    
 
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
   
  
   
  
 

Twenty-five years later settlements were scattered all along the coast.14
Organization of the County

In the first half of the nineteenth century the southern part
of Monmouth County, as it was originally constituted, began to acquire
some degree of economic development. The growing importance of clay
works, shipping, the cranberry and fishing industries stimulated settle-
ment of this region.15 These interests backed the movement to set up
this territory as a new county.16 In 1850, the southern townships of
Jackson, Plumstead, Stafford, Union, and part of Dover were severed from
Monmouth and constituted as Ocean County.17 The county seat was estab-
lished in the village of Toms River. At the same time, the township of
Brick was created in Ocean County from parts of Dover and Howell (in
Monmouth).18 The only important territorial change took place in 1891
when the township of Little Egg Harbor was transferred from Burlington
to Ocean County.19 Other minor changes involved transferral of small
portions of Jackson and Plumstead townships to Monmouth County.2'C

Boundaries
The original boundaries of Ocean County were as follows: The
northern line starting at Barnegat Inlet went up the ManaSquan River to

the old bridge near Allenwood, turned southwesterly to the road to
Jackson's mills, and ran along the latter to the Jackson township line,
from which point it ran along the northeastern and northern lines of
JackSOn township to the Freehold and Mount Holly road, and then along
the latter to the Burlington County line; the western boundary followed
the Burlington line southeasterly to the sea, thus delimiting the entire
land area of Ocean County.21 With the annexation of Little Egg Harbor

_.__._—.__._.._.—___

14. Smith, History 9i New Jersey, p. 487.

15. Nelson, ”Counties of New Jersey.” LII, 85

16. Log. git.

17. P.L. 1850, p. 74.

18. P.L. 1850, p. 74. Seven other townships have been created:
Manchester (P.L. 1865, p. 913). Lacey (P.L. 1871, p. 876)

9

Eagleswood (F.L. 1874, p. 284), Berkeley (F-L. 1875, p» 43C),
Ocean (P.L. 1876, p. 503), Lakewood (P.L. 1892, p. 492), and
Long Beach (P.L. 1899, p. 263).

19. P.L. 1891, p. 538. This act, it seems, was the result of
gerrymandering activities in the Legislature. Alfred M. Heston,
ed., South Jersey, 5 History, 1664-1924, I, 258 (hereinafter
cited as Heston, §guth Jersey).

20. P.L. 1851, p. 323; P.L. 1869, p. 151.

21. P.L. 1850, p. 73.

  

  

  

Histo lical Sketch (First entry, p. 38)

township. the western line, beginning at the northwest corner of St
township, was shifted westward and followed the dividing line oetw ee
townships of Little Egg Harbor andB Lass River in Burlington County. 2

92921222298
The act creating Ocean County provide
peace and all othe er county officers who were al
the limits of the nev county, eycluding the she
and prosecutor of the pleas, were to continie ex
until the expiration of their respective terms
holders was empowered to cortract for the constrv
and other nece ss nary puolic buildings in Toms,
he courts were held in the house of James A.
ccunty.25 Plans for the new courthouse, patterre
County building, though smaller in size and less
approval 25 The structure was completed 1 y r
‘9,966. 50 27 Extensive alterations were nec
eliminate fire hazards.28

t the justice of the
functioning -vithin
clerk, Surrogate

\w

n of a courthouse
In the meantime,

without cost to the
after the old Hudson

rnate, met with quick

later at a cost of

sa ary in 1870, especially to

 

(D (‘D
0'1 511

Revolutionar ry vi'ar

The geographical position and economic resources of Ocean
County were of little strategic value to the Revolutionar

y armies except
for tie salt works along the coast.

To insure the continued operation
0: these works several companies of militia were stationed at Toms

River
throughout most of the Tar guarding against any British or Tory attempts
. r‘C‘ A . . .

to destroy them. 5J he Fifth. Sixth, and Seventh Companies 01 militia

from Stafford and Dover townships sax service there.30

 

22. P«L. 1891, p. 538. For other minor changes see P.L, 1851, p. 323:
8.L. 1869, p. 151; P. . 1928, p. 632.

23. P.L. 1850, p. 75.

24. P.L. 1850, p. 78.

25. ”

ninutes of Board of Chosen Freeholders, Kay 10, 1850 (herei.aft
cited as Freeholders' Minutes), see entr'r l

*-
p

a . Freeholders' Minutes, June 26, 1850.

27. lb;g., June 13, 1851.

28. lbid., Aug. 18, l870.

£9. Worthington C. Ford, et. al
C__gress, 1774-1789 v1, 92

Continental Congress Journa

and Oce ean Counties, p. 80 (

and Ocean)

30. Salter, Monmouth and Ocean, p. 80.

., eds., Journals of the Continental

5 (hereinafter cited as Ford,

lg; Edwin Salter, g fiistory pf Egnmouth
hereinafter cite d as Salter, E_ngguth

 

 

   

 

  

  

   

    

Historical Sketch (First entry, 9.

A few privateers operated off the Ocean County coast and occa-
sionally succeeded in bringing a British vessel into Toms River i

The capture and execution of Captain Huddy by a band of
British Loyalists was the most exciting episode in the history of 0 ea
County during this period. The repercussions of the event were interna-
tional, A party of Loyalists descended upon Toms River in April 1782 and
succeeded in capturing Captain Buddy of the American forces. A ' ‘

..

O
'3

s cting With-
out proper military authority, these irregulars summarily executed the
captain in the Highlands near Middletown.32 George Washington
co; ander—in-chief protcsted vigorously alainst such an outrageous Viol”-
tion of military convention.33 In retal? tion, Captain Asgill. a Iris—
oner of war, was selected for execution. , ' r

        

4* N 0')

(DP

Only the active inte vention
of Count de Vergennes, the French Minister of State, at the urgent bequest
of Lady Asgill, the prisoner's mother, saved the life of Ce:tain AsgilluiD

 

Most of the Ocean County men who fought on th, battlefields oi
the Civil War served in the Tenth and Fourteenth Fegiments of Ken Jersey
Volunteers.36 In the early months of the war thA task of recruiting
soldiers was left to the initiative of private indiVIduals‘ The exorbi-
tant fees which these men claimed from the county provoked the Board of
Chosen Freeholders to vigorous protest.3'7 Discarding the syster of pri-

recruitment in 1862, the Freeholders relied upon bounties, authorized
by the State Legislature and financed by bond issue, to fill the Ocean
County quotes in the successive levies.38 Th: diffiCJlty in obtaining
volunteers forced the Freeholders to offer as ruch as SSCC for one Year‘s

service.‘39

During the World Var almost 1,500 men enlisted in various
branches of the army and navy/tG Camp Dix, just across the line in

--‘/

 

Bl. Salter, Monmouth and Qggan, p. 194 ff.
32. Jared Sparks, ed., The :ritings 9: George Washington, VIII, 263

 

(hereinafter cited Washington, Writing ).

   

as
23. I333, VIII, 262, 263.
34—. .3319, VIII, 303.
35. Iggy, VIII, 364, 5:29, 550.
36. “ eoholders' Hinutes, May 13, 1862; July 25, 1862.
37

, g9;g., May I4, 1862.

38. ghig., July 25, l862. Also see entry 127.
39. Thid3, Aug. 6, l864.

Heston, §outh iggsfiy, I, 262.

  

   

 

    

      

 

Historical Sketch (First entry, p. 38)

 
  
  

Burlington County9 furnished work to hundreds of Ocear Ccu.nty workmen 41

Lany Ocean County boatbuilders were employed at the naval seaplane T’CTkS
at League Island Ilavy Yard, Philadelphia. 42 The United States Army Ease
hospital #9 was located in Ocean County.43 Important experimental .JOTk
in modern warfare mas carried on at the Edgewood Arsenal Experimental
Grounds in Lakehurst, the DuPont Company‘s Experimental Grounds in
“hitingsg and the Officers' Training Camp for Chemical Tarfare in

La1te1 urst/r/r

 

Eligio on
The development of re lig {ious institutio Us in Ocein County was
determired by two basic conditions: The early separation oi the
al and religious spheres and the institution of free churches.
Rhcn the band of Quakers fr om Graveserd, Long Island receiyed
the chmouth Patent, Governor Mic olls of New York asso red them ”free
L‘; berty of Conscience without any Molestation or Distu Hba doe whats0ever in
their way of worship.” 45 To strer rgthen the position of the Lords
Proprietors in the Monmouth-Ocean area, Governor Carts ret guaranteed, in
effect2 the religious independence of the inhabitants. He declered that
”no Ministerial Power or Clergyman shall
be imposed on among the Inhabitants of
the said Land, so as to inforce any that
are contrary minded to contribute to their
maintenance.” *6
cus convictions and the ipport of reli giou institutions thus be-

 

‘he private concern of th ilidividual settle:

Of the nonoon: ormist character of the New J
mmiss ioners for Trade and Plantatio ors rep e
Number of the Inhabitants are u
, the Episcopalian pres c1er in 17
bse MT ed in his travels that maiwy

a
d in 1721 th ”the
The Reverend Thomas
0
e

(+0

mouth-Ocean cir-
ES JL bliShSd ChUI‘Ch

él, E3m ston. 5m 12g _3_§g;. I, 264.
42. Lo . git.

 

43. Br:eholders' Minutes, Oct. l, 1918.
44. Ibid.. Got. 1, l918.

45. Archives. rirst Eerie es, I
46. Ibid.. rirst Series, I 8
‘7 Ibid., V, 2l.

H5-
I) l

 

3
£8.

  
 
 

  

  

Historical Sketch

were Very unsettled in their religious convictions and some
J- . . . _‘ . . ‘ (LB
templated JOln1ng tne DlSSOHtEFS.A
Shorn of any direct control over state policy the yariou
Churches developed a spirit of tolerance ":ihich did not, ho-never, weaken
their proselytizing enthusiasm

U)

The free churches of the Ocean County region in the eighteenth
century were a remarkable manifestation of this open~mindedness tonard
other creeds. One of the earliest churches in Ocean County, built in
1758, was open to preachers of all denominations until 1770 when it was
don d to the Baptist Society of Ianahawkin.49 Thomas Potterf a s g
larly lioera 1- -minded settler of Coodluck, built a church in 1766. open

I A

a f»
to all itinerant proachers.3v

  

As has been already noted. the Quakers
ligious sect o; the earl' eighteenth cert
fror. Oyster Bay, Long Island, established
" Tuckerton, where he had settled in 17C

Egg tiarcor zonthly Meeting in 1715 mad
thern section of Ocean 5County.52 The Qu
arneg at in 177C was th first church us
society.53

A small group of Rogerine Baptists fr or; Schooley's Id
Iorris County came to Carctown in 1737 5: This small band of 2
80113 1era ine d in Waretown for 11 years before they returned to T
County.55 The oldest Baptist Society in Ocean County, an offshco
7 ' Plai ns Baptists, was organized in 1770 in Ianc‘lnki" 55 3

Y

. historical Records Survey, Inventory of the Churcl chhives of
gig Jersey: Baptist Bodies, p. 2 (hereinafter cited as Church
Archives, Baptist Bodies). Thomas S. Grifiiths, 3 history 3: the
Baptists in New Jersey, p. 232.

dB. Salts r, ”onmouth and Ocean, pp. Si}, 245.
O

 

 

 

 

50. Salter, Egnmguth and Ocean, p. 294. This extreme tolerance,
however, was not extended to the Roman Catholics.

51. Fischer, Cyclopaedia of Ocean County, p. 30.

5?. Nelson, The New Jersey Coast, I, 273.

53. Salter, lionmouth and 92223: p. 2+2.

54. This was the same family group which had left Rhode Island in 173%
(halter, Bismuth ens Qeeezls p. 251)

55. ijd., pp. 241, 251. Abraham Waeir, after whom Waletown Aas named.
remained there and became a prosperous merchant. See also rischer,

_ Cyclopaedia of Ocean County, p. 31.

30.

Church Archives, Baptist Bodie _. pp. xi, 2.

 
    
   
  
  
  

 
  

  

    

   
   

United States, began his career in America by del

 

ivering his first se

in the Potter Church at Goodluck.58 Reverendi lurriy also spread the
Universalist doctrines in Toms River and Manahawkin.5“ The last
Universalist services in Ocean County were held in Potter' 5 Ch MT in
l874.50

Although churches and regular pastors were maintained only I
the greatest difficulty.n many denominations se cured a following. Congr
\ ' s Jf Methodists gre 3W up in lanahe wkin and T cxs River during tre
nevoluti miry fer. 61 Presbyterians, among the early settlers of Ba

he ld

Historical Sketch

churches increased notably in numbers and importance during
ialf

of the nineteenth century.57

John Murray, the founder of the Universalist

i

however.€ I'ere not established until the latter part of

C'ntu

 

Ff-

The spread of Mormonism in Ocean constitutes
f the religious history of the county. Elder

a

64.
65.

 

 

Church Archives, Baoti C, 615 62
Churches were founded ‘ ‘ ', . ). Lairel
River (l867), Lakewood (l868) and Point Pleasant

 

Church ii

’enjamin _s
gathered about 50 conve1ts to the faith in new :gypt.6= In l8”
Smith, the icunder of Lormonism, made many converts ir t
River, where small churches were built.65 Severe l :iorncn T

s
on :orked River and Toms River made the great trek +o Salt 3

very unus

”inc

(First entry p. as)

"S
d-
, .
,i
\)

the nineteenth

in Hornersfl

u

Baptist churches among the Hegroes, Ibid., pp. 121 127, 128,
Prede rick A. Bisbee, From Good Luck to Gloucester, 1770—1920,

 

 

molafy39mfifig-
Salter, Monmouth and Ocean, pp. 391, 392.
gbid.5 p. 394

£hid.; pp. 243, 255. Reverend Benjamin Abhott in l778 prea

regularly in Manahawkin. Waretown, and Toms niver.
Eggg., p. 255.

Catholic services in Lakewood were held in private
185C to 1889, and the following year the Church of
Lake was dedicated. Joseph M. Flynn, The Catholic

ched

dwellings from

St. Mary of the
Church in New

 

larger, pp- 237, 239-
Salter, Monmouth and Ocean, p. 252.
EQ;Q., p. 253.

Lee- 2i:-

    

   

-negat,
ieir :irst regular services there in 1760.5!j Catholic churches

      

Historical Sketch

Contrary to the usual tradition of Quak er education in colonial
d l

 

America; the guakers 01' Ocean County showe d little interest in the eve ~
Oiment of schools As late as 179 6, the little Egg Harbor Honthly fleeting

mplained that ”learning...is wanting among us.” 57

The conditions of the public school system in lE6C reflected the

desultory attitude toward education in Ocean County. Of the 24 teachers
employed during one month, it was noted Jlth pri Wd that 2C Jere licensed.68
Of kl schoolhtuses, £7 wel‘e in 'good con nad black-
boardc.59 Tl] gu~eutos t cause for compl uert turnover
in the pars 011n cl oi the teaching staff. ”s re 4,257
children in Ocean County Met\een the ages of 5 to 18, in lCéC the average

I e was only 594.71The sum of $6,114.34 was raised to sup-

system and its 55 teachers, who earned between SlEC and

 

The very oonside raole exprnsion of the pubLLC school system
Jr rcheckeo sircc lBGO. The avcrfge daily attendance in-
” in 1932 while to; total ensollment rose to 7,693.73 A
ch rs attend ed th needs of this school population.7é ihe
owned 6C buildin:s, of whi ch l7 had 5 or more rooms.75
ior the entiro systcm rose to 3l,C24,325.C6, and tAS per
ed on avarrge rttenda nce stood at Ell’7.35.76 The trend
tion of the small schools, urdor the stiLJ‘us of modern

 

6'. Quoted in Thomas woody, Quaker Education in the Colon7 and State
‘ ' rsgv, i Source