xt7fqz22db8t https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7fqz22db8t/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1945 journals kaes_circulars_004_408 English Lexington : The Service, 1913-1958. Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 408 text Circular (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n. 408 1945 2014 true xt7fqz22db8t section xt7fqz22db8t     Collar l-lames  
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dml l A well-harnessed team: Because the lines keep the horses'
Cl rl heads as far apart as the centers of their singletrees, they
Gigi pull straight ahead
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Circular 408
lst Wi? . I
»¤¤¤mi¤< College of Agriculture and Home Economics
nf Asff
Qfsjg Agricultural Extension Division
l Thomas P. Cooper, Deon ond Director

 C ll l-l d l—l F`l;t`
Sore necks or sore shoulders on work horses and mules A collar of the right size, when buckled on and pressed
are due to ignorance or carelessness of the men who work or drawn strongly back against the shoulders fits snug enough
them. Good farmers know this and are watchful to see that against the neck so that the fingers only, held flat, can be
sores do not start. passed between the rim of the collar and the sides of the
F h " neck. Fig. 2 shows a collar that is too wide; the whole hand
  ~
A Te C‘VOld SOVE "‘€Cl»t2   Gettihe the right lerreth et seller is very imeerteht lt it
    ’"r' 5 o»,,r .   is too short, as shown in Fig. 4, or too long, as shown in Fig.
  -.:;s..=  .t‘{,*~;fjag=T¤¤;Z;§gEsy  _
    ne'i~ r  5, trouble will result. Too short a collar presses down on top
  · ·    on . »   ...·    as;. .l.e    " ;.-.ai-»#..’iil pulled; It makes the neck sore on top, and on heavy pulls it
·~""`"`   .   » chokes the horse by pressing against the windpipe. Such
Q choking may cause a horse to fall, and will discourage him
·~~»     _ _ V___   A ___Y   _ . from pulling with his full strength. ln addition, too short a
.__ ____ __ collar brings the point of draft too high, and sores high up
  __` __"T"""~»~.   ' on the shoulder may result,
  ...__   `\\  
  Too long a collar, on the other hand, brings the point of
` ` draft too low and too near the shoulder point. This will make
_ a sore very quickly, for it causes constant friction as the
, F'g‘ l'_ C°ll°' P°"s° h°w l° m°°S`"°‘ shoulder point moves forward and back. Too wide a collar,
_ _ even when the len th is ri ht will cause pressure toojar away
AH! rh II b r b r rh k d r   r r··r·r H g rg “ rssr   """°"`
` BO er CO GFS me ES I U O _€r ln S ere $€"V'°€` from the neck and too near the shoulder edge, and will cause
able for 3 or 4 years and sell at lower prices. G Sore there
Fitting a collar to a new work animal should be done by
eemg We e.e€.em collars rn   .$ me that fits, It .l T Q ¤¤"¤r Sheuld be We et the me Where ·* ree err the
is not practical to take the animal to the harness shop, try n€Cl<“"Ol tee hght nor tee lOOS€· There sheuld be Space On
on collars that belong to other animals till one is found that lh€ $'d€$ te Vim the lll'lQ€*'$ €l€¤V te the €Oll¤" CUP Gl lOl? Ol
seems about right, then measure for length as shown in Fig. collar, but no more. Collars that are too narrow at the top
l· h€¤ll¤r s·Zes depehd <>h_leh9th·_ A size T8 rheesvres l8 will pinch the neck ene enete ar, causing sores on ine eaeee
mc ,9S {mm TOP te botmrll lust msldelhe nm' when the COI` near the top. lf the collar is too wide at the top, it will work
i lar is buckled. Small animals take size lo or smaller, very b k d { th .d h f. th T 1, th k d
, large draft nerses size 24 or larger. GC _°'“ O' I 5* €W“`/Sr C G mg G Op O E eee °“
  causing a sore to start there. (Another frequent cause of sore
i p;g_ 2____ colic,. is ,00 wide necks is too much weight on the neck yoke, as when a mowing
.   . ’· t .  A p  ;·*   i ...s     ·iyi     . ’*`
  N   \ Nl   _ _     _’ ~_ Fig. 3.·—- Same collar as in Figs. 2 and 5,
‘    ..   % .·'  ·_,     ’r~'   Ai   _. V ·   V made to fit by using collar pad.
. "·¢'* ll ie ` ‘ l lll i f      3%* r‘.`   i
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-3vKe ·* .,r=2¥t··‘ .~r£¥‘   t · ·\ ·. ‘*··#¤ls;g   ··’ · " s. '
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    ·  {_   “ IIIIII»I ,;[    III_ »,_,     usually are 2 inches   ‘ I ed toc
  ·  I  \.’._    longer than collar sizes he    e.   / r pinch
  4. r I I I I \  `  ‘ ‘‘   _ ,  ,       —thus Cl 22-inch collar I   i   C ·   the to]
  »’5 l I .4   ` ”     ‘       would call for a 24- é II     I   ,   _ -I-C
  ii [  .   .   *·.      l `   il -   meh eee Thev must .     ·     .   inch <:
    l f I   =·’     r  ,,,'_   be open at the throat. _   IY     I . C ` Shug
  l ‘ .;   .V   V' Al     I   Te p"0V00l sere   ` ` _ VV .V   i { .   00l0Tl
  "   _       . VC I    I II » '  necks and shoulders, lt   I.    ’‘`V   »_—‘ . f   I _ the Sr
BH     _I   I;   Ii I _.     is GbSO|U{€|y ngcggggry "I` _I __   I5   Ig: ‘ , ·   ,     OHOWE
"`. » il §‘f"‘*~j' ¥ r   ‘3*,?" * .     to get collors thot flt ICI       /,s’ I     orjoor
wt   . fi  qq ‘   the herse er mule, ehd ‘ 3         I < or *   ····;hr5;re
  . IIC.? —I   then be sure that the     · _   inch c
  ’   X .   homes are the right ~     Ie   gr rhe
I ° I  M . _· i `RII.  size for the collar. lf I   — i  Z Bur if
i ii?   it   V you do not have and   I \ rgfhgr
.   _ T ‘ .   ' cannot obtain the right V I I `\ Gnd nr
        ».,I` size col la r for each   ·   -     .I
is _.     horse, use collar pads ‘   ig ·   c°"° ‘
  to moke the collar fit;     ‘     Gc
  ~.,· " V. V`] but be sure the pods   r     I V collar
Fig. 4.- Collar too short and narrow. Ore new Ecch S€GSOn’ Il i not WC
Clean Cmd ef the right Fig. 6.— Top hame strup too loose, Gt en
size to make the collar hame drops ree low. horses
machine or other implement hos too light a driver to balance hr fhg hgrgg properly Cr thc
the weight of the tongue. The solution is to fasten a weight _ _ GWCIY
——a stone or concrete block—under the seat, so the combined Fmlmg the hemes OH du
weight of tecmster and added object will balance the weight Correct hame adjustment is extremely important. If the the Sr
of the tongue, taking all weight off the neck yoke when the hames do not lie in the collor seam for the full length of the tummy
driver is on the seat. This takes off the downward pull on collar, they do not fit. lf the top hame strap bows across the it will
top of the neck of work animals. It is important to do this at top of the collar as in Fig. 6, rather than lying straight ocross 'O
the outset so sore necks will not start.) the top os in Fig. 2, the pull of the tugs will spread the homes lkmgvi
After o CO||G( of the rgghr Size Gnd Shooe hgs beeh found, at the top and cause sore shoulders. lf the hames are either Gl" I?
the face of it must be fitted to the exact shape of the horse’s tee l009 0T tee $000, T00Y eehhet he 00l0$T00 te lll the eoller. me S (
neck and shoulders, regardless of whether it is a new collar, The 00lY remedy l$ 0 $0T ef 00"00$ thet does 0'T the coller. ti COO
__ or._an old_one to b_e_used on a different horse. One ood wa Heme $lZ0$ eeeehe 00 the l00QT0 frem the leee where the T00 Tie Wh
is re soak the face e  "0 “l`
couple er inches of lukewarm werer ln e ree. If there as he hewstrme weelrl The sizes eerresleehd el>l¤re>¤e`¢;~·¤~;»~s;~. .,,,_`¢__¥V.i»—e€ · ‘ » y Co
"?p, o f I — ti r     I V · j  II r x—`§r:.,I . "I   ·i.»,‘7€,;·x,I·»,  f ir h r
s,  j *   ,   T r Q.,   * M 0$$ 0
  or _.T   V I. ~I 8   , .1 5   ‘ V   i’ ~. . I weight
E; ;x~;~:*II.* _   * ¥I é   I C/I 7; I· I   _ I I II I IIIII II I      {C" I II I I IIS   S
l  { r V ._   ‘ .- Q,   ’_        T  s   T   \. {  " {     G; elef
l_ *` ‘ f r · _ . t I ` ‘     _·   > . Vt " _`   ¤ c afing
if     . { r _   __   £f‘**        I the hal
· — .,. ,.»·~-- ..; .. .- -.     S; e   ·, ..,._"· M........ V  .- »_ QQ,   j     ‘         .o.___ ll l$ $0
.t. AI, II" I II   I {   CI I I   I II   QILIIIII 1•   ,III I   sr . TREE.
* . ._       K?  I.   I   ‘ i {     _§ `l shoulde
vi I ._I. I V { I -9     ii)   `· I   GTG  
h · ' ‘ · ..     `iri     .{*i\ X Me
C.   _ · III   I     .     so _ I I sore ne
. · __ · — _ .   themse
V, l s 2** Vt- f   . .. bucklet
V ty,} r i \   -:._   V ’     C hgh   themse
.....,T..j..,,:   .‘ I wei       I:     collars
  ._,   .II I     r .{ rI_ =. II;-.  This m
»   it . l [2]     l ~ s ». . .

   " é,  V  
D      
ed too close together at the top they will cause the collar to     `.'l-l>l  
· ` pinch the neck and chafe it, making sores on the sides, near   ·lvr'      —   V,·lilV ·-l J l ly ##4*
the top.    >   j  . _‘?_ ofg   .l
  Too long a hame—for instance, a 24—inch home on a 2l- F    l           li
l     inch collar—will cause a sore shoulder. lf the home is drawn        »   ’il,,_ {lt }‘*’li¥_¢‘7—;..g,k
l _ snug in against the seam of the collar at the bottom, the N , ·     _  
  . ` _` point of pull on the home is above the true point of draft on "  "     Y   ,·'`
  _ _ the shoulder and will make a sore high up. lf the home is Fl9‘ 9· _ l’“ll`l'lg il     `li  
  _ collor on wnthout z. J   .. l px ,
    allowed to drop, so there IS a gap between home and collar ,,,,b,,ck|;,,g_ . or        
  __ atlbottom as in Fig. 6, it will make a sore near the point of the .   NST `  of 
  '   "`EhoUl    ‘ S ‘`°‘ " ”“““ ‘ ‘      
  inch collar—will make a sore near the point of the shoulder _ I.      
  if the home is drawn close to the collar seam at the bottom.   l i   so  `
 ` But if it is set up high (adjusted to fit close to seam at top ‘ _   ` l .
rather than at bottom of collar) it will make a sore high up F _\ `
and near the outside edge of the shoulder. - l .li' it ll ‘*` A ‘
4   Core of the c0II¤r, neck, ond shoulders l  
  Geed l'l9'lS€m€'l'l keep the l'l9"$€lS lfleckl Slflouldellst Gnd become used to it very quickly and the owner or head teamster
¤<>ll¤l ¤l€¤¤ ¤t ¤ll l>€¤r·¤g S¤rt¤¤€$» Be we the m¤¤¤ dm has tho satisfaction of knowing that the oolloro oio being used
not work back under the face of the collar. Stop occasionally exactly GS he C,d,uSr€d them.
sg, el e"‘d$ Of flelds TO 9'Ve   ,,-_   A _ , _ This plan works well with horses, but not with mules.
l‘9"$€S 9 breclhlng Spell] Cmd   fl-l'll{OAT"g ,     Their long, sensitive ears make them object strongly and it
Gt thc; time ;Ji$idTh€ C0ll¤¤'     l   . ` Li l il is difficult to persuade them to accept the "col|ar over head"
away rom s ou ers, wipe       p|¤r,_
off dust and sweat, and give   *‘‘i `     As the collar is widest at point of draft it should be put
E the shoulders some oppor- gif    on as in Fig. 9, and turned over about 8 inches back of the
Q tunity to cool. At noon hour   ” 3 poll, then slipped back to shoulders. ln taking off, reverse the
Q it will take a few minutes to     ,_ T _t DFOCBSS. The halter, not the bridle, should be on in either case,
  remove the harness and col-       r  
rr lar, but it will pay, as it gives       ._ii   LONG LIFE FOR HARNESS
_, toe shoulders an opportunity         Giving long life to harness is simple. All that is necessary
._ U €00l· l—00l< i¤'e€lUe¥'tllY to     “ { is to keep it clean and well oiled with a good harness oil.
r, fe Wcellgeffhe h¤lV is V;/€¤l‘·   `   J h   _   Eesrdresultls are attained by taking the harness apart, un-
rr··°— "Cl Q °' e e'“Y F’O""» GS rrr-L, ..,, ..g,l; ;"`j.,.;., 4  ,,._    od UC ing o straps, washing each with a ver mild Soo ond
_ tnis is the first sign of chaf— ll li   l l warm water, rinsing each strap in clean watler as soanpas it
, ing, which leads to an open H9- 8·_ C°"°' P°"*$° P'°Pe" is washed, and hanging it up to dry,
{ . sore. lf the hair is wearing my t° hung' By the time all straps are washed and rinsed, the first
8 shorz, correct the adjustment of collar, pad or homes at once. Str¤pS will be dry enough to oil. A sponge or soft rag will hold
e At close of the day’s work, washing the shoulders of the elwugh Fjll lo make lmllcl mbbllflg elleclll/Q' Nloel llelfmelrs
9 work stock with a cold strong salt—water solution will help keep mlie llrlelll lllcmess lg lllcmess lrepcllr Shops Whse ll ls Olled by
l them in healthy condition. lt is well to wipe the leather collar belng plclced ln_G Wllle beskel Cllild dlpped llfl Cl lmge lcllflk Ol
3 face oloon with o damp eloth, and then wipe lightly with mlm llllllless Oll. lOl l.5 Ol 20 m'l7*ll‘”t l_l"€“ $“lSp"`_“‘l€d ‘”l’°"€
D (mother Cloth Socked in hcmess Oil, OS SOON OS the COHCH is the vat tlll the ollldralns off. This IS falrly effective, but the
- tolton ott. Do not rub oil on collar cop, but keep it cleoh and Fl? Wll°.l°l?f'Sdl“lS l”‘”""€SS “f’“'l fled W°Sl“€S _'l ll"°'O“gl"‘lV
smooth. lf pads are used, or collars other than leather, wipe dg Ore ll ls Ol_€ gels Cl mblcllbeller lobl lol Cllrlecl Swecl Gnd
them oloon out do not use oil. it unbuekied to take off, or lll plevelll Oll from f’€l"‘?l'“l'l“g l° llle l€°ll‘€' l’€'”€°ll‘· _
put on, the collar should be held with both hands and the left A , Rirljclllllng prgomplly l_ll<€WlS€ Odds gll€ClllY_lO Furness lll€·
arm passed under the throat of the horse, to prevent any h EG el, pUm;,I’ SOm€ lllV€lS* On GW'] Sclme lllflelfl llolrecd Glilcl
strain on collar throat while the collar is unbuckled. The col- dclmess WOXkWl_ €rl,Gbl€ Om/Ollle who lrlcs Seen lllclmess repclrs
'¤l S'*¤~'d be b~¤'<'€d more being me up t“iT"olZ l2Tif§'l“E ZilifiilEZ“Fi§§’SZ§€oL°llTiZ§l'l?h€S °l°l°—“li"
Collars always should be hung bottom-side up, face out rrr/rg Or hcr-megs. IS QSPECIG Y
05 Shown lh Fig. 8, 0** ¤ DeQ with l'OU"‘d ed9e$i $0 lhel the Longer life of harness also is obtained where harness is
weight is Oh the ’fh¤'0¤i of the Celleli nel On the Cell The eel? hung in a harness room away from the ammonia fumes rising
‘l$ the S€D¤F¤i€ curved piece of PVe$$ed Sele leelfle", GS $mOOll" from stalls; but this seldom is considered practical for lack
GS QlGSS, which rests Oh TOD of The neck TO Pleleei ll from of time, and harness generally is hung on a peg on the wall
€h¤il¤Q· Every m0ml¤9 when The l'lO"$e is lleme$$e€li wipe about 8 feet behind the work animal it is used on.
the hand over the face of the collar again to make sure that lt jg inqprccficcl rO Wcshl Ori Gnd repcjr hcrrress rr, wld
___ it is smooth. These things take less time than it takes to tell Wggrhgr Unless G Warm rOOrr, is Ovcrjcbjel Legrhér Cmd Oil
T W V   the       QVOT TGlVTOWGl'Cl l(€€pll'lg nqusf be Wcrnq fOr G gOOd  
shoulders in perfect condition, if collar and home adjustment Ar prgsenff hcrmess repgir Shops rmve rrerrher rims nOr
are right to begin with. help to wash harness, hence it is up to the owner, if he wants
Many farmers who are especially successful in avoiding a real good job, to have it taken apart, washed and all dirt and
sore necks or shoulders of their work stock, do the fitting sweat scraped off the wet straps with a sharp edged piece of
themselves very carefully, and do not allow collars to be un- hard wood (never use a knife to scrape leather), before taking
buckled again till readjustment is necessary, which they do it to the harness shop to be dipped in a tank of warm oil.
themselves. Such men have their hired help or boys take Many owners prefer to oil their own harness, but after doing
collars off and put them on over the head as shown in Fig. 9, it a few times, have a higher appreciation of the valuable
This may seem odd to men unaccustomed to it, but horses service rendered by their local harness shop.
[ 3 l

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FEEDING OF FARM WORK HORSES AND MULES   ¤ V,_    ___/     j" ‘‘`“ F   FS‘‘`‘ A   Fi 1 F
  A            SSRRV   . A testii
Clean and bright corn, oats, or crushed barley, green,    S            ,,,»   is nc
_ _ \\ ·;5%-Lgeirx ~ .` », .· ’” .  "   :- Q4;     UQ ·"  
leafy, sweet—smel|ing hoy, plenty of salt and fresh water with — {. ·    "· g-        7 M ~ on c»
access to good pastures at night and on Sundays and rainy —A ‘“ \ { ·.· .g._ ___ .,       SEEN
. .  U   `» 'i` H . , ’·¤ t l. C
days, are all that are needed. Moldy, musty feed will kill   ?·   A     V" — 1,   inch]
horses and mules. One—third to one-half of the hay fed should     .   .4 V V ', _   ,A   {Gr i
' `C   . ,i·3»·;,{t4 ff, 1;      
be alfalfa, Iespedeza, or clover.   A   Img,
.         ljr   
· The amount to be fed will de end on how hard the work   ,_ rt ·t·. . A, .;;‘7?     ~l»·» _
. wt.,,·’¥·S’~.?¥2 ,  *· · . ..“z.A¤ h fave, . Af'?. ~‘*Z;_;?;*5·.{ an
, . . ·· 1,31 /jj-/‘~g é _'i,,.~ yi ' _,   1;; V Hé ‘ { ·:  
is and what pasture is used. At ordinary form work 1 pound       .,.,__,   »·   · ._  
>‘      . _. ‘     4} ’Z
of grain and l.2 pounds of hay per day per lOO pounds live         ···-l 7* ` -···   ~—
. . . .   T   "   @2 Ti .·’·—t 4. _ A   — 
weight, is ample. This means l4 pounds of grain and lo.8 · er   » 1 it · 4   .  
. ,   _ . . —· ·V   *   _._, ; =;`";_‘j.;,·‘f;<`       *2;
pounds of hay each day for a l4OO pound work horse or mule.      
. . ~ .:. ·’-it     esi ·f·, ig:.       ·‘itt‘¢";" ’‘.‘   iw   r,,= i   -  
Where the work animals are turned out nights and Sundays —  
On C1 good mlxed pgsture that COnlC11n$ Several different klnds Fig. 'l0.— Well-fitted hurness. The buck bond keeps the traces  
of grasses and legumes, they will of their own choice eat less P“11"‘9 °* "91‘* °"9_1° *° $1‘°"1d°'$· 1'1°"‘°$? §1‘°"1d *'* °""“°1’¤ it!
but should not be hght enough to couse friction anywhere.  
hay, usually by halt; but even then they should be allowed ;
whatever hay they will clean up morning, noon, and evening. l A.
When pasture contains abundant legumes, grain can be re—V
duced one-fifth. This circular is adapted, by permission, from
.... Work animals turned out nn pnqturo ot night and on oft ¤ folder, Under the scime title, prei>¤re