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hany of the institutions founded under the Act have large

inclemee accruing partly from the interest on the proceeds of the

Land Grant,partlfv from liberal appropriations iron the respective
states. In some instances State aid surpasses the inclome from the
Legislation 0? Congress.

In a meeting in Washington in I885 when I expressed the
conviction that compliance in good faith with the organic law re—
quired daily instruction in Military Science and daily drill I was
met with a storm of dissent from every quarter of the houee.

She idea of daily military drill and inegruction wee scouted and
ridiculed. After a few years military instruction grew somewhat
more in favor. Some Colleges had military instruction twice each we
week;some three times;eome every day. The College which I represent
has maintained the principle of daily drills and military instruct-
ion and has required every man during his College Connection to do
military service. '

The good resulte of military instruction in the land grant
Colleges were apparent during the war with Spain and the military

operations eubeequently in the Phillipines. Every state in the union
was able through its Agricultural and Mechanical College to provide “H
the neceasary number of officers for the contingent which they furnhs
nished for the increase of the Army; many of them quite as well edu—
cated and quite as capable as graduates of West Point. The wisdom oft“
Senator Morrtll'e foreceet was thus justified by results. '
Irreepective of providing an educated military reserve,

I believe that military instruction in these Colleges is a good thing

in itself and in its relations. It is a valuable element in physical

training;,it inculcatee promptitude and exactnesa,promotes grace and

dignity of movement and above all enjoina and compelle obedience, and

submission to wholesome discipline and restraint, - one of the most

important leesone to be learned in any country and especially in our

own where the coordinate ideas of liber

perfectly underetood. For theae reasons but briefly expressed I

 

 -5...

believe that every Land Grant College in America ought to make the
military feature of coordinate obligation in dignity,and should endea-
vor to rake the military inetructlon as thorough and comprehensive as
the Act of 1862 intended that it should be.

When the statute of 1862 was passed the country was in the
throes of a great national crisis. Military considerations were para—
mount. There was abundance of material out of which to make soldiers,
but the material when listed, or later on drafted into the eervice was
raw and undisciplined. The officers elected by the regiments and sub—
sequently confirmed by the States and by the War Department were as
little fitted for command as the men when they were appointed to lead.
the majority of them know nothing about the requirements for a good
soldier; they could not drill the men; they could not instruct them
in tactics; they knew nothing about strategy. Senator Morrill saw the
necessity of providing officers and that too out of all proportion
to the ability of the Military Academy to supply. Officers who would
be thoroughly drilled and able to command on the field;officers who
should be well versed in the modern science of warfare. _

The thought suggested to him the propriety of making the Colleges
founded under the Act military schools, schools for making soldiers

as well as schools for scientific agriculturiete and scientific me-
chanicians. The country could not afford to keep a standing army of
half a million men, with the proper complement of officers under arms;
but it could afford at inconsiderable expense to provide for the mili—
tary instruction of all who matriculate in these Colleges and thus
have thousande and tens of thousands of men ready at the call of arms

and capable of shaping into companies and regiments and brigades and

divisions and corps and armies,the volunteers and conscripts of
futnre days.

Thus the military feature was engrafted on the Land
Grant Collegee and made a coordinate and obligatory feature of their

organization. But a reaction set in after the close of +he war

Men were wearied with civil strife. After four years of continuous

warfare ‘ a
tnty were ready to sheath their swords and devote themseIVes

 

 to the ways and Arts of peace.
The military feature of those colleges became generally un-

popular and the amount of military instruction Wes reduced to a nin—

imum if not eliminated altogether. Between 1885 and I897 there was

a gredual revival of interest in military matters in these Colleges.

The War Department held out prospects for promotion to students who

had graduated with honor in Military Science and the governing Boards

of the Colleg s and UniVersities gradually became conscious of their

duty under the law. lhe consequence of this awakening was that when

thfifi Spanish American war came on hundreds of educated men well drilled

in the manual of arms,familiar with tactics and strategy were availan
ble for officers,not only in the volunteer but in not a few instances
for the regular army. In diecipline,~ in aptitude-in knowledge of
military sctence,- in all that goct' make an able ,intelligent and
capable officer, the graduates of land grant colleges were able to
hold their own with the heat West Point men. I say this and I say
it with pride - not disparage the graduates of the nilitary Academy,
but in justice to our own man.

It may be well in this connection to say that by judicious
and cooperative effort there is a strong probahility that an appro-
priation can he had from the government for establishing schools for
Marine Engineering in connection with the existing schools of Me—
chanical and Electrical Engineering which will enable the Lang Grant

0- '0, ‘ *a r‘ s w
G llebes to educate men fol thin branch on the Hth" Service and thus

to do for the Navy what they are non *ble to do for the Army.

Of the two objects in the mind of the author of the Act of

1862 - namely the scientific development of Agriculture and the an-

plication of Science to the Mechanic Arts by providing instruction

in those branches of learning relating the etc — the Mechanic Arts

seem, as mehsured by ultimate results, to attract more students and

to graduate more students in full and relatively complete courses

in the ratio of four or five to one.

n
I many of these Colleges students in the application of Science to

 

 .-

-9-
Agriculture cannot be had for long courses of study. These latter
h‘hvebeen abridged from four years to three, from three to two,from
”flaw two to one, from one year to a few months or even weeks.
these truncated courses of study, necessarily meager and par-
tial supply eome practical knowledge but do little in the way of
eitherlfloientific instruction of education.
I have had occasion to,collect college etatietice for other
purpoeee and find that of twenty or thirty representative Col-
leges tho nuMher of those who completed regular coureee on study

which led to the Bachelor's degree in Agriculture and in Engi—

‘J... m-

neering in I900, were about 126 in the former and 630 in the lat—

ter. Thin eeeme to show that the trend of education in the land

grant Colleges, so far an the purpose of the founder was concerned,

is in the direction, not of Agriculture but of the Mechanic Arts.
In eome of these Colleges the graduatee in classics and in other~
Scientific studies outnuMber both the one and the other.

This seems to indicate that though Agriculture 18 encouraged by
farmer's institutes and all the machinery which ingenuity can de-
viee for its upbuilding and growth, farmer's do not care to cdu~
catc their eons in Agriculture, or the eon$7 object to the kind
of education specially pr vided for them.

Farmers in most parte of t'e country,l think, prefer when the?
mend their eonea to Colloge,tn educate them for professional
life,ae lawyers,clergvmen,phyeiciane,engincere,or anything indeed
but farmers. On the other hand Mercahnte,hankvre,professional
men,gcntlemen of fortune and gentlemen of leisure prefer for the
moet part a liberal education for their eone,though many place

them in Engineering echoole.

The aggregate agricultural productions are large,but few
farmers are rich. They are not rich in the sense that merchants
and contractors and manufacturers and iron masters and railroad
magnate are rich. Many of them are, it is true,well off.

But of the thousands of millionaires and nultimillionaires in

America how many of them became rich by farming?.

 

 -6—

-v

This I imagnne is the main reason why the Agricultural side of the
Lane Grant colleges do not flourish as the Mechanic Arts and
Scientific branches and classical and philosophical subdivisions
do. If then I were to sum up the work of the Colleges outside of
the Experiment Stations I should say that Engineeering and Classi—
cal education and Philosophical training take the lead,and that
Agriculture follows oftentimes with a halting limping gate, and
considerably behind. From many points of view this is to he re-
gretted. I cannot but look on the agriculturist as the mainstay
of the country, and that upon his education and intelligence and
patriotism,the perpetuity of free institutions depends.

An approximately correct diagnosis may lead to a remedy.

The Scientific instruction in these Colleges outside of Agri—
culture and the Mechanic Arts has had a great and gratifying de—
Vclopment. Those sciences which deal with matter and with life
in their broadest extent have been cultivate&_for their own sake
and not because of their relation to Agriculture and the hachanic

‘Xrts. The boundary lines between the known and unknown have been

pushed back from year to year enlarging the domain of realized

Knowledge to a degree which could not have been anticipated a
generation a go. The far reaching generalizations of Mr. Darwin
and the practical discoveries of Pasteur with their manifold
applications in theory and practice gave a notable inpluse to dis-
covcry based upon observation and experiment.
In those the Land Grant Colleges have taken the lead in America
they have moreover, been largely instrumental in stimulating in-
creased attention to natural science in many of the older insti—
tutions of the country. Harvard and Yale and Princeton and Co-
lumbia have followed the example,though somewhat reluctantly at
first,of the Colleges established under the Act of 1862 and have
spent large sums of money in equipments for Physical,chemical
and Biological instruction and research. They have not however,

been able to keep pace with the State Colleges and Universities

in scientific investigation and instruction.

 

 -7—
These latter institutions drawing largely from the liberality 0f
their respective commonwealths have had resources at their command
which even the best of the old Universities with their princely
endowments were unable to equal. The effect has been t liberal-
ize and widen the scope of UniVersity Work, and to modify the
character of the old scholastic training by the introduction of
e much needed leaven drawn directly form the daily operations of

great
nature in her own laboratory. While the Land Grant Colleges have

given a wholesome stimulus t4sc¢entific investigation and dis—

covery in the older colleges and universities, these latter have
been inst§mental in causing the State institutions to introduce

a largo element of liberal culture into their courses of study.
Philosophy,litcrature and classics and modern languages and com—
parative philology Aryan and Semetic find acequate recognition

in most of the higher institutions founded under the Act of I862.
These are permitted by the organic law and in connection with the
scientific courses afford edcational facilities unsurpassed on

the Western contitnent. Classical and Philosophical training have
held their own for centuries. The Natural Sciences have not super-
seded them not or they likely to do so. Aa a nouns of mental de—
velopment and of mental discipline,of the cultivation of the mind
as an instrument for the perfection of thought, Latin,Greek,Logic
and Metaphysics have no superior and it is doubtful whether they
have or will have an equal.

The roots of our modern civilization go back to the language
and literature and philosophy of the "Dead but sceptered sovereigns
who still rule our spirits from their urn". ~w~
It is impoenible to dissociated ourselves from the civilizations
of the distant past. And in this age of intonse devotion to ma-
terial things, to the multiplication of the products of the field
and the forge and the loom, to the impnovement of the facilities

ofor intercommunication, in this age of steamships and railroads

and telegraphs; of manufactures and Commerce reaching out to the

and of the earth and seeking new spheres of influence and new

 

 -3-
to
fields of enterprise; in this age or intense devotion of the

accumulation of wealth it is well that the desire should exist

to educate and develope the intellect on lines that do not stimuo
late and impel its possessor to transform his brain into a mint
for the coinage of the gold and silVer.

For this purpose classics and the liberal arts, the Humanities as
they were very properly designated, provide the necessary confli-
ticne and supply the proper counterpart.

Whe breed and butter sciences are needful, hay indcspeneable,
hutnman does not live by broad alone. "

To build machinery for Agriculture,for manufactures, for
locomoiion ie well. To bread poultry,to fatten pigs,to develope
beef in cattle ahd speed in horses, to multiply the return from
the fields of wheat and corn and cotten and cane increase the
comforts and conveniences and well being of life.

These are the material conditions of civilization and refinement,
but these are not ends in themselves; they are means to ihe at-
t inment of a higher end. They should rightly eubeerve the devel-
opment of the intellect,the growth of intelligence,ihe discigliue
of the mental faculties, the quickening of the moral powers, the
. cultiyation of the esthetic powers to the end that the true the
beautiful and the good should find eymetrioal and harmonious growth.
Then would we understand and live for the sublime truth that

“on earth there's nothing great bum man, in man there'e nothing

great but mind". Then would be realized the ideal of the founder

to provide an education at one practical and liberal "for the
industrial classes in the several pursuits end professoons of
life". Culture and 'efincment and intelligence and humanit?
and an enlightened patriotiem will then be possible in the
homes of the masses as well as in the etately mansions of the
classes. In the former rests the hope of the future and not in
the wealthy few whose accumulated fortunes are counted by Lens

and hundreds of millions.

 

 

 -5)...

111 fares the land ta hastening 1119 a prey
Where wealth acaumulates and men fiecay.
Princes and Lords may flourish or may fade;

A breath can make they as a breath hag made.

But a bald peasantry — thair country's pridv,

When once destroyed can never be

 

 

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 ollege of' Kentucky.

as. K. Patterson, Ph. 0., LL. D., President.

Lexington, Ky.,

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State College of Kenizucky.

jas. K. Patterson, Ph. 0., LL. D‘., President.

Lexington, Ky.,

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Lexington,Ky. June 2,1903“

ard of Trustees
&t£echa11ical College or Kentucky,

tile
again the pleasure and honor of reporting to

‘lrent collegiate session a year of grea
l1 nded in September last when the College ogaen
of matriculated students in consequence of tn:
calumni 1s reports that had been industriou sly cil:
limits of the commonwealth,and bey ond.
"figurately not realized. On the contrary the attendal
~~wr tnan that of las year. Six hundred am1d
1triculated,and notwitr standing the preval nce of the
iever and smallepox iH—the the former in early part
and the latter during the mid—Winter
surpassed. that of anyWJpreceding
has been a slight decrease in the numbers entered in
'leL and C assical courses of study,t he incre .e

<

‘ural courses has more than compensate

’~uscn law imposing a penalty on C“‘"‘~
for failure to do their duty in making knonn
appeintees,and making appointments as required'
“I ely increased attendance during the ensuing
Schools,provision for which was made by the Board at
of 1902 are likely to be well attended and Will
“Ti33fi”1ha10 list of L118 ensuing year.

for making the College} :nown will ce ai‘fo1r

Kentucky Educational Association in Lexingtor

Superintendent of Public instruction to meet t a the
immediately upon the adjournment of the former body

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 ‘2..—

results. The knowledge of its existence and of its work is gradually

becoming known in the remoter parts of the commonwealth and every year
brings students from sections unrepresented before.
under existing conditions

The average class—sttnding has,I thinh,been Emil maintained during tin year
now closed.dfirxs: wervhemrflmflhmmxx We have in accordance with the in~
struetions of the Board a year or two ago raised the stand rd of ;ds
mission into the Freshman class. Last year we required three books
in ?lane Geometry,this next year five will be required.
This has made nee esary a corresponding advance in the Curricnlwm
the accredited High Schools. A requ.st to this effect has met with

accuraging response.

non he ago I invited the Faculty of Kentucky University to
cooperate with us in adopting and adhering to a common standard of
admission. Ihe invitation has at first favorably received but after~
wards declined. 's' is much to be regretted. It is a matter of great
difficulty,when two institutions are situated in the same or adjacent
localities and are recognized by the general public as standing on the
same plane for one to establish and adhere to a high standard of ad~
mission when the other does not. Students who fail to pass entrance
examinations in the former or who fail in final examinations readily
take the line of least resistance and find refuge in the latter.
Th‘s has been our experience for years. In the end it would be much
or for all concerned to adopt a high standard of admission and
it. It would moreover tend to elevate the standard of
scholarship in the High Schools of the Commonwealth and thus stimulate

scholarship generally.

 

 \

1

-5“,

As heretofore the question of ways and means must occupy seriousl
the attention of the Board of Trustees. In addition to the expenditure
formerly required we have now two additional itms items in the nature
of a permanent charge upon the resources of the College viz:

school of Mining Engineering and the Gymnasium.

salaries of the Dean of the School of Mines and his ssistant are

by the State and hence do not eontribute to swell our budgetybut
the expense of equipment and of current expenses unfortunately fall
upon as the funds of the College.
In the case of the gymnasium all the expense of instruction and main~
tenance ~ including janitor‘s wages,fuel,light,ane water and repairs:
amounting in the aggregate to three thousand dollars ($5000) Au.
met out of the College income.
Outside of these the bills for fuel,light and water grow year by
so that the ordinary appropriations no longer suffice. Kore is i
quired for advertising and more for traveling expenses.
The expenditure for fellowshipsuzga economic and effective
providing the necessary assistants required in the Department
count 0‘ the an ually increasing number of students taking instruction
in them ~ grows year by year. Growth means the enlargement of our
educational staff;the expansion of laboratories;the addition of the
most approved apparatus for instruction and research,and all this re~

expenditure. While then our expenditures grow,our income has
r no elasticity. The income from Washington is a fixed quanti~

while the income from the half cent tax grows gradually,its

grow h is slow — so slow that it utterly fails to keep pace with
growing expenditures.

~ - Tile

The tax cannot,l suppose,be increased without submitting es proposiw
tion to a popular vote. The public are not yet prepared for this.

I see no way of getting more money from the State for current expenses
except by an application to the legislature for an appropriation of

a small amount ~ say $I0.000 annually to continue during the pleasure

of the legislature. This would meet our immediate necessities, and

 

 -44
if judiciously and economically expended might through the liberality

of ~L‘

e ,gislature be increased in coming years.
nossible source of income has been suggested viz: a tax
by some members of the Board,
collateral inherdtance. A constitutional difficultyis)believed to exist.
this subject I am not competent to pronounce an opinioni
I commend it,however, to the consideration of this Board. There 're
‘i.ction whose opinion would be highly regards.
who may be representatives in the General A
{issouri derives a large annual income from
~ an income sometimes amounting to $125.000 per annum.
there be an iisurmountable constitutional obstacle in the way,
I think the proposition would encounter little opposition.
It would not affect the integrity of the estate left by decedent
while in his hands and would work no hardship on distant heirs who
had contributed nothing to its accumulation.

It is needless to say that unisssfunder existing circumstances
conditions the most rigorous economy compatible with efficiency is
imperative. The budget made up after careful consideration will be
submitted for your consideration and approval.

The ever recurring question of additional buildings and equipment
required by the growth of the College,again presents itself.

The Engineering courses need most urgently either additional or en~
larged space. Hechanical and Electrical Engineering have been during
the past y ar compelled to subdivide their classes because of inability
to ins ruct their classes in the rooms and shops in consequence of their
circumscribed area. rhe result has been a duplication of classes and

a corresponding draft upon the time of instructors.

The Civil Engineering classes have been placed at even greater dis~
advantage. While the Mining Engineering has scarcely a local habita—
tion. To meet these demands a large appropriation is needed.

he State is now practically free from debt. There seems to be a grow~

ng disposition upon the part of the Commonwealth to deal liberally

with the College. I therefore suggest that a strong committee be ap—

 

 ~5...
pointed by the Board at its present session to ascertain
the College and place them in proper shape as the basis
to the legislature for relief. Application should be made

annuallv
ationof at least $10. 000 for current expenses and SIF0.0 O

A
buildings and equipment. The committee having this in charge
inted now in order that time s‘nould be given to collect
I suggest that it would
to communicate with members~elect after the election and
the meeti::1g of the General Assembly in order t at public
opinion should be shaped in some degree before the legislature
Pei s1nal letters should,to this end,be addressed to each member
I” the Board can see its way to the establishment of a School of
Law I think the time exti emely opportune. A first~class Law College
could be constituted and conducted at comparatively little €LULMLQ
institution. Gentlemen whom I have cons ulted~representini
the State—all concur in the opinion that a Lat Collar»
connection with the State College and under its management and
visic n would be successful.
oreover the time has now come when some legal knowledge will
i1tcgral part of the ed- acation of every man who expects to s;c:wv
man i affairs. Its acquisition would be healthful,inv3:onn
tiie~saving and money—saving to the merchant,the banker,the manufacM

J.

turer,the man engaged in commerce and to all the industrial s
whom the Land Grant Colleges provide such an education as

act of 1862 requires.

The belief among well— —informed persons Whom I have consulted,13

a good law school would speedily become self—sustaining,mtn.

outset only a sufficient amount,in the shape of a small stipenii

be guarranteed to the Dean whose responsibility would be great““

.hat of his colleagues and upon whom would devolve extra 5

.:);niration and oversight.

 

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