xt7hdr2p7175 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7hdr2p7175/data/mets.xml   Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. 1968 journals 172 English Lexington : Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Kentucky Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Progress report (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n.172 text Progress report (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) n.172 1968 2014 true xt7hdr2p7175 section xt7hdr2p7175   RESULTS OF THE A A . A A
  KENTIIGKY HYBRID 00RN    
  PERFORMANCE TEST -1967    
By C.R.Tuft ond C.R.Ch¤pIin ·X· Progress Report I72 * Jcmuory I968
UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
Lexington

 TESTING LOCATIONS OF I
THE KENTUCKY HYBRID CORN PERFORMANCE TEST
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n Area Location Cooperator
Non-Virus l. Princeton West. Ky. Substation
" 2, Hartford Walter & Earl Campbell
John M. Kavanaugh, Area
Extension Agent
" 3. Lexington Ky. Agr. Exp. Sta.
Virus 4. Frankfort Mason & Ralph Bates
Acknowledgments are made to Mr. Gary Hicks, Department
of Agronomy, for assistance in sum arizing the results
reported in this progress report and to Dr. Frank Loeffel,
plant geneticist, P—A-G DIVISION, W. R. Grace & Co.,
Spencer, Iowa, for his assistance in planning and coor-
dinating the early work of these tests. Dr. Charles
Poneleit (University Corn Breeder and Geneticist) will
assume the responsibility for future tests.
2

 RESULTS OF THE KENTUCKY HYBRID
CORN PERFORMANCE TEST IN 1967
Charles R. Tutt and Charles R. Chaplin l/
The objective of the Kentucky Hybrid Corn Perfor-
mance Test is to provide an unbiased estimate of the
relative performance of corn hybrids being sold in
Kentucky. This information may be used by farmers, seeds-
men, and research and extension personnel to determine
which hybrid most nearly possesses the characteristics
which are desired or required for a specific situation.
The need for this information is indicated by the change
in hybrids being purchased by Kentucky farmers, the large
number of hybrids which are available, and the economic
importance of corn to Kentucky agriculture.
Kentucky farmers established a record yield of 80
bushels per acre in 1967. The previous record yield was
69 bushels established in 1965. The 1967 yield was 21
bushels above that in 1966 and 19 bushels above the five-
year average 1961-65. The total corn production in 1967
was 95,200,000 bushels and was up 46 percent above 1966.
This is second only to the record production of 95,240,000
bushels produced in 1948. In 1948, however, the crop was
harvested from 2,381,000 acres and yielded only 40 bushels
per acre.
The 1967 growing season was unusually cool and wet.
Corn planting began in mid-April, but owing to the abun-
dant rainfall during May, planting was 7-10 days behind
normal by June 1. Growth of early planted corn was slowed
by cool, wet weather and some replanting was necessary
because of poor stands and flooding of river bottoms.
Excessive water damaged late-planted corn in low areas.
Soil moisture throughout the growing season ranged
from ample to excessive for most parts of the state re-
sulting in the development of an excellent corn crop. A
cool, wet autumn delayed maturity of the crop and by Nov-
ember 1 corn harvest was only 51 percent complete as com-
pared with 75 percent normally.
4/ Agronomy Department research specialist and graduate
student, respectively.
3

 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
The performance test was conducted at four locations
in the state. The locations together with the names of
the cooperators are listed on page 2. The testing sites A
are grouped according to the presence or absence of the
corn virus, maize dwarf mosaic. The virus was present at
Frankfort, but was not present at Princeton, Hartford or
Lexington.
Forty-two hybrids which are available to the farmers
of Kentucky through commercial trade channels were com-
pared. These hybrids, developed by state and federal re-
search agencies and by private seed companies, are listed
in Tables l and 2. Information is presented concerning
the seed source of the hybrid, the kernel color and the
type of cross. The type of hybrid is designated as
follows: double cross AX; three-way cross 3X; and a sin-
gle cross 2X. The following material was evaluated in
l967, 18 double crosses, 2 three-way crosses, 2l single
crosses, and one special cross.
Rainfall and temperature data for the testing loca-
tions are presented in Tables 3 and A respectively.
Agronomic information pertaining to the testing locations
is shown in Table 5. Table 6 presents the treatment
average of all hybrids for various groups. Results of
the Kentucky Hybrid Corn Performance Test are summarized
for periods of 3 years, 2 years and one year under non-
virus conditions and are presented in Tables 7-9, re-
spectively. Results of the 3—year, 2-year and one-year
test under virus conditions are presented in Tables l0-l2.
The hybrids in Tables 7-9 are grouped on the basis of
kernel color. Within groups, the hybrids are listed in
order of increasing moisture content. The hybrids in
Tables lO-l2 are arranged in order of decreasing M.D.M.
virus resistance. The 2-year and one-year combinations
are presented in Tables l3 and le.
Field Design
Each hybrid was planted in eight plots at Princeton,
Hartford and Lexington, and on four plots at Frankfort.
Corn was hand planted, simulating hill dropping. All
A

 tests were planted at an increased rate, and the re-
sulting plants were thinned to the desired stand at
each location. Each hybrid was planted at two levels
of nitrogen fertility (lOO pounds and 200 pounds of
actual nitrogen per acre) at Princeton, Hartford and
Lexington. Two plant populations, l7,&2Q and 23,232,
were used at each nitrogen level.
Yield
The corn from each plot was harvested and weighed
individually. The yields were determined and are re-
ported as bushels of shelled corn per acre with a
moisture content of l5.5 percent.
Moisture
The moisture content at harvest is the best
present measure of relative maturity of hybrids. A
hybrid may be considered to be earlier than a second
hybrid if its moisture content at harvest is consis-
tently lower. Maturity thus determined is not absolute
but is relative to the hybrid being compared.
Moisture samples were taken on an individual plot
basis, and moisture was determined on each hybrid at
each location.
Erect Plants
The percentage of erect plants is considered to
be an estimate of the resistance of a hybrid to the
' total insect and disease complex affecting standing
ability. This value is obtained by counting plants
with stalks broken between the ear-bearing node and
the ground level and those which lean from the base at
an angle of more than 30 degrees from the vertical.
This sum is subtracted from the plants present and the
differences divided by the total plants to give the per-
centage of erect plants.
Ear Height
Ear height, the distance from the base of the
plant to the point of attachment of the upper ear, was
measured visually using a scale with one—foot intervals.
Visual ratings were taken on each plot of each hybrid
at each location.
5

 Disease
Visual ratings of hybrid reaction to corn virus
were taken at Augusta and Vanceburg in 1965, at Vance-
burg in 1966 and at Frankfort in 1967. Present indi- 4
cations are that the only virus present in Kentucky
is maize dwarf mosaic. All plants of each hybrid were
rated shortly after silking on a l-9 scale, with l
being resistant and 9 being extremely susceptible.
INTERPRETATIONS
It should be kept in mind that test plot yields
will tend to exceed those of commercial plantings be-
cause test plots usually receive more careful culture
than do com ercial fields. Also desired stands were
obtained by over-planting and plots were picked by
hand which reduced harvest loss.
The performance of a hybrid may vary considerably
from year to year and between locations for a given
year. Because of this variability, test results for a
single year or for a single location are not as valuable
in choosing a hybrid as are the average results for
several years and for several locations.
Small differences in yield are usually of little
importance. However, when a hybrid is consistently
superior over several years of testing the chances are
good that the differences are real and should be con-
sidered in choosing a hybrid. Factors other than yield,
such as moisture content, plant lodging and ear height,
should also be considered. The reader must form his
own opinion as to how much weight to give each character
other than yield because it is seldom that one hybrid is
distinctly superior to all others for each of the charac-
teristics studied.
Only tentative conclusions can be drawn from the
plant population-nitrogen combinations presented in
Tables 13 and lh since data are from only two and one
year of testing respectively. The low two-year average
of the high nitrogen-plant population combination was
caused by the low yield of the Hartford plots in 1966.
This may have been caused by drought conditions and lack
6

 of uniformity of soil conditions within plots. Care
should be taken in making comparisons between nitrogen-
 
designed for making such comparisons. Comparisons be-
tween the combinations would be similar to test strips
a farmer might plant for himself. Several additional
years of data on these various combinations should
prove quite useful in selecting hybrids to grow under
specific management conditions.
The best hybrid to grow is the one which best suits
the individual farm and farming operation. For this
reason it is suggested that a new hybrid be grown fre-
quently on a trial basis in comparison with the hybrid
presently grown. New hybrids should be grown on a lim-
ited acreage for evaluation before being grown on large
acreage. It is important to keep in mind that two
hybrids should be compared only when they are grown in
the same field in the same year using identical manage-
ment practices. A good way to do this is to plant seed
of the new hybrid beside currently used hybrids in a
field being sure to mark them at planting time. It is
important to observe the hybrids frequently during the
growing season. At harvest, yield should be determined
and other observational notes recorded. By doing this,
a grower can come to a sound decision as to which hybrid
· best fulfills his need.
MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC
Corn growers in areas where maize dwarf mosaic
(M.D.M.) virus has been identified should take special
precautions in selecting hybrids. This disease severely
reduced yield and stalk strength. It appears to be
associated with Johnsongrass in which it is believed to
overwinter. It is then transferred back to the corn
plant in the spring by an insect vector, possibly an
aphid. Where the disease is known or suspected to be
A present, only M.D.M. resistant hybrids should be
planted.
7

 Table 1. Hybrids Tested in 1967
 
Hybrid Color Cross Source of Hybrids
 
Crib Filler 40 Y 2X Mitchell Farms
60 Y 2X Windfall, Ind.
66 Y 2X
105 Y 2X
123 Y ax
128 Y QX
183W W ax
Ken—Bred EZOYA Y QX Golden Acre Hybrids
M20w W GX Taylor Evans Seed Co.
Sx2UY Y 2X Tulia, Texas
VRZOY Y ax
T-E Bonusmaker-S Y 2X
Ky 105 Y QX University of Kentucky
5921W W QX Agricultural Experiment
Station, Lexington, Ky.
Meacham's M-7 W ax Meacham's Hybrids
M 75W W 2X Route 3, Morganfield, Ky.
Pioneer 3196 Y 2X Pioneer Corn Co., Inc.
3306 Y 2X Tipton, Ind.
3369 Y 2X
Princeton 920A W Ax Princeton Farms
99OA W ax Princeton, Ind.
SX606 Y 2X
SX803 Y 2X
SX804 Y 2X
SXSO9 Y 2X
Schenk S—96W W ax Charles H. Schenk and
SS-X75 Y 3X Son, Inc. Route A
SS-77A Y 3X Vincennes, Ind.
Southern States
SS 820S Y 2X Southern States Coop.,Inc.
SS 860 Y QX Division of Seed and Farm
SS 866 Y ax Supply, Richmond, Va.
SS 909E Y GX
SS 935W W ax
SS 72OSP Y Special Cross
55 Matoaka Y AX
Stewart Cardinal Stewart Hybrids, Inc.
SX 57 Y 2X Route 1, Princeville, Ind.
SX 77 Y 2X
8

 Table 1 (continued)
Hybrid Color Cross Source of Hybrids
Stulls 707 Y 2X Stull Brothers, Inc.
800 W W 2X Sebree, Ky.
807 A Y 2X
807 Y 2X
US 523W W ax Experiment Stati0n(USDA)
Table 2. Pedigrees of Experiment Station and U. S. Hybrids
Tested in 1967
Hybrid Color Cross Pedigree
Ky 105 Y ax (T8 X CI2lE) (38-11 X Oh 7B)
Ky 592lW W ax (CI64 X 33—16)(Ky 201 X CI66)
US 523W W ax (K55 X K64)(Ky 27 X Ky 49)
Table 3. 1967 Rainfall Departure from Normal
May June July Aug Sept Total
Princeton +2.59 +0.08 +1.93 -1.07 -0.52 +3.01
I Lexington +3.09 -2.07 +1.89 +0.42 +0.17 +3.30
Frankfort +1.67 -1.58 -0.14 -1.05 -0.98 -2.08
Table 4. 1967 Temperature Departure from Normal
May June July Aug Sept Average
Princeton -2.3 -1.5 -5.1 -6.6 -4.4 -4.0
Lexington -2.5 -1.5 -4.9 -5.4 -4.4 -3.7
Frankfort -4.3 -2.4 -4.8 -5.4 -5.4 -4.5
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