xt7ksn012z23 https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dips/xt7ksn012z23/data/mets.xml Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 1995 journals English College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station The Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 108th Annual Report 1995, June 30, 1996 text 2009ua018 The Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station 108th Annual Report 1995, June 30, 1996 1995 1995 2022 true xt7ksn012z23 section xt7ksn012z23

The Kentucky >
Agricultural Experiment Station

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Annual Report
1995

College of Agriculture ‘
University of Kentucky - Lexington, Kentucky 40546

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The Kentucky
Agricultural Experiment Station

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Annual Report
1995

College of Agriculture

University of Kentucky ° Lexington, Kentucky 40546

To His Excellency,
Hon. Paul Patton
Governor of Kentucky

I herewith submit the one hundred and eighth annual report of
the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station for the period ending
December 31, 1995. This is done in accordance with an act of Con-
gress, approved March 2, 1887, entitled, “An act to establish Agri—
cultural Experiment Stations, in connection with the Agricultural
Colleges established in the several states under the provisions of an
act approved July 2, 1862, and under the acts supplementary thereto,”
and also the act of Kentucky State Legislature, approved February
20, 1888, accepting the provisions of the act of Congress.

Very respectfully,

ﬂag/e

C. Oran Little, Director

Lexington, Kentucky
June 30, 1996

Contents

Page
Purpose ................................................................................................................. 4
Agricultural Economics ....................................................................................... 5
Agronomy ............................................................................................................. 8
Animal Sciences ................................................................................................. 14
Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering ......................................................... 19
Entomolgy .......................................................................................................... 23
Forestry ............................................................................................................... 28
Horticulture and Landscape Architecture .......................................................... 31
Nutrition and Food Science ............................................................................... 36
Plant Pathology .................................................................................................. 38
Regulatory Services ........................................................................................... 42
Robinson Substation .......................................................................................... 47
Rural Sociology .................................................................................................. 51
Veterinary Science ............................................................................................. 54
Publications ........................................................................................................ 59
Statewide Research ............................................................................................ 87
Financial Statement ............................................................................................ 88

Staff .................................................................................................................... 89

Purpose

A: a Land Grant institution, the University of Kentucky is responsible
or serving the people of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The Col-
lege of Agriculture, with its research, teaching, and Extension activities,
has developed a structure and organization to provide the mandated Land
Grant services in agriculture and related areas.

The Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station has been providing
research results to farmers for more than 100 years. The continued growth
of Kentucky agriculture attests to the beneﬁts of applying new knowledge
and technology to the agricultural production process. Much of the re—
search leading to increased quantity and improved quality of Kentucky’s
agricultural output was performed by the Experiment Station. Also, Col—
lege researchers address problems of agribusiness, consumers, interna—
tional trade, food processing, nutrition, community development, soil and
water resources, and the environment.

Although much Experiment Station research has immediate applica—
tion to agricultural problems, scientists are also involved in basic research,
generating new information to help solve present and potential problems.
The ability of Kentucky producers to be competitive in domestic and world
markets requires an expanded base of knowledge in emerging areas of research

applicable to agriculture.

This Annual Report summarizes Experiment Station research highlights for
1995. Lists of the faculty, research projects, and publications completed during
the year are also provided.

The research programs of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station have
beneﬁtted Kentucky’s agriculture over the past century, and the results of present
and future research will continue to serve Kentucky’s primary industry.

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

Research in agricultural economics involves such diverse subjects as improv-
ing proﬁtability of Kentucky agriculture and agribusiness, enhancing com-
petitiveness in international trade of food and fiber products, and assisting in the
revitalization of rural communities.

Enhancing Agricultural Profitability

Analysis of more than 500 farms participating in the Kentucky Farm Busi-
ness Analysis program revealed that 1994 was a marginal year, ﬁnancially. Re-
turns varied around the state and by enterprise. Net total returns were positive for
the three groups in Western Kentucky, but they were negative for the three groups
located in the Central part of the state. Net returns for producers in the Central
and Eastern part of the state were negatively impacted by lower livestock prices.
The operator’s share of net farm income (showing the financial rewards for the
operator, their equity capital, and their management input) was positive for all six
groups in the state.

Research on crop insurance and disaster insurance showed more than 10,000
US. farmers now use the Group Risk Plan, developed and reﬁned at UK. This
county—based insurance program can be improved by private companies offering
individual protection when the county yield does not trigger a payment. Other
research has demonstrated that crop insurance and disaster assistance encour-
aged farmers in marginal regions of the country to plant additional acres of field
crops, often conflicting with the Conservation Reserve Program.

The potential impact of sexed-semen technology on the beef cattle industry
measured likely price effects at different levels of technology adoption. An adop—
tion rate of 25% would result in less than a 1% long-run price reduction for feeder
steers, fed steers, and fed beef. Beef cattle price reductions between 2.5 and 4.5%
would be expected with a 50% technology adoption rate.

A producer decision-making model addressing agricultural machinery re-
placement issues was developed and has the capability of finding the least cost
strategy for assisting producers in deciding between an overhaul versus trading
machinery. The model can also be used to evaluate farm structure investment
decisions, such as whether to build a greenhouse.

Two studies evaluated the US. burley tobacco program and the effect of
possible higher excise taxes on cigarette consumption. One study evaluated the
Tobacco Improvement Act of 1985 and its impact on the industry. The second
study reported that a $.75 per pack excise tax would reduce U.S. cigarette con-
sumption by 15%, reduce burley use by $84 million, and net the federal govern-
ment $50 billion over ﬁve years, while reducing state tax receipts by more than
$1 billion.

The changing status of the Farm Credit System and the changing structure of
rural ﬁnance was evaluated. Research results are being used to provide public

policy alternatives for revising Farmer Mac’s charter. A second ﬁnance study
developed a “credit scoring" checklist for improving the efﬁciency of making
agricultural loans, particularly for smaller farmers.

An analysis of diet and health awareness among U.S. households revealed
that consumers perceived a linkage between fat consumption and heart problems.
Awareness was negative among rural, black, and Hispanic households. Age, edu-
cation, and having a female as head of the household were important factors
governing the use of nutrition information and efforts to reduce sugar and salt
intake.

Other research focused on alternatives for enhancing the quality and integ-
rity of applied agricultural economics research to help improve research account-
ability. The authors suggested that the relationship between research methodol-
ogy and quantitative methods should become a formal component of study in
agricultural economics.

Competitiveness Through International Trade

Research on dairy policy and trade between the U.S. and European Commu-
nity (E.C.) found that dairy policies in the two trading blocs are interconnected,
even though each country/bloc made independent policy decisions. Changes in
policies in the EC. caused a decline in U.S. stocks, driving U.S. dairy prices
upward while making prices more volatile.

Trade research examined the demand for meat and fish in Japan with impli—
cations for U.S. food exports. One important finding was that the demand for
beef in Japan is highly sensitive to changes in the price of fish, an important
substitute for meats. A study revealed that American beef producers must move
their beef quality more towards wagyu beef if the U.S. is to expand market share.
U.S. beef cannot effectively compete with Australian beef on the basis of price,
but American beef is competitive on the basis of quality.

One possible way to improve the quality of U.S. beef in Japan is through
enhanced transportation quality or higher degrees of fat marbling. Work in the
Japanese meat market revealed that the Japanese have paid little attention to health
studies; thus, American red meat producers should focus advertisements in Japan
on the quality of U.S. meat, not on promotions relating to diet and health care.

Tobacco trade research showed that the U.S. market for burley is more com-
petitive than the international market, suggesting that government policies reduc-
ing price supports would provide more benefits to the industry (including manu—
facturers and dealers) than a tariff or quota. But domestic burley producers would
suffer short run losses from reductions in the price support.

The global competitiveness of U.S. food processors was examined and re-
sults suggested that the food processing industry has increased its presence in the
global market relative to other manufacturing industries in recent years. How-
ever, the food industry is still less involved in international trade than most manu-
facturing sectors of the U.S. economy.

Revitalizing Rural Communities

A study of recreation at Corps of Engineer reservoirs in Kentucky and Ten-
nessee looked at the impact of water quality on visitation to the reservoirs. “Poorer”
water resulted in fewer visits by swimmers and boaters, but ﬁshing improved.
These estimates can be used to compare the beneﬁts from generating hydropower
when considering renewals of dam licenses. Models were also used to estimate
the recreational demand for white water paddling.

A recent study identiﬁed the state— and county-level variables inﬂuencing
the location of food manufacturing establishments across the nation. Other re-
search suggested that while traditional industrial recruitment efforts are useful,
they can have a greater impact if they are part of an integrated strategy designed
to improve worker skills, providing appropriate infrastructure and assisting com-
munities and companies in developing networks. This information can be used
by public ofﬁcials to identify strategic strengths and weaknesses of individual
counties in attracting new food processors.

A related study provided earnings and employment multipliers associated
with various food processors in Kentucky. These multipliers can be used to com-
pare the economic impacts of different types of processors and to estimate ex-
pected returns to industry development incentives. The Community Reinvest-
ment Act was analyzed as a rural finance strategy.

The consequences of reform in rural and urban school districts in terms of
changes both in educational revenues and expenditures is being examined within
the context of the Kentucky Educational Reform Act (KERA). A related analysis
examined how systemic inequality has changed with the school finance system.
It was noteworthy that counties with higher baseline test scores in 1991-92 also
had higher per capital incomes in 1993.

Research Projects

An Analysis of Finance Efﬁciency and Socio- Economic and Environmental Impacts of Wa—
economic Inﬂuences in Urban and Rural Public ter—Quality Protection Policies on Kentucky
Schools — SJ. Goetz and D.L. Debertin Agriculture — H.H. Hall and JR Skees

Analyzing the Future International Competitive- An Evaluation of International Markets for
ness of the U.S. Food Industry — M.R. Reed, Southern Commodities — M.A. Marchant and

MA. Marchant, and LL. Mather MR. Reed
Benefits and Costs in Natural Resource Plan- Evaluation of Public Policy Alternatives De-
ning — R. C. Ready signed to Help U.S. Cash Crop Farmers Man—

Changing Patterns of Food Demand and Con- age RiSk _ J'R' Skees and H'H‘ Hall
sumption Behavior — B. W. Bobst Regulatory, Efﬁciency and Management Issues
Affecting Rural Financial Markets —— D. F resh—

Development of Multiobjective Decision Cri—
water

teria Models for Agricultural Investment Ap—
praisal — A. Pagouiatos and BL. Debertin Rural Economic Development Alternatives in
the New Competitive Environment —S.J. Gaetz

Economic Analysis of Biotechnological Inno-
and D. Freshwater

vations in the U.S. Beef Cattle Industry —— B. W.
Bobs!

AGRONOMY

The Department of Agronomy conducts research to improve the productivity
and quality of crops, and to manage and sustain soil and water resources. Our
efforts span the range from the most fundamental, discovery research to practical
field testing. We investigate systems ranging in scale from the molecular (for
example, studies of plant genetics or soil chemistry) to the ecosystem (for ex-
ample, studies on the profitable management of complex cropping systems). Ex-
amples of signiﬁcant research accomplishments during 1995 are listed here.

- We released a new soft red winter wheat variety which will be marketed
under the name “Foster.” The variety has outstanding yield potential,
excellent test weight and disease resistance, and superior milling and baking
quality.

- “Quickstand” bermudagrass was recently released as a vigorous, winter hardy
variety that can be vegetatively established for sports turf applications. It is
resistant to Spring Dead Spot and has a ﬁner texture than other winter hardy
bermudagrasses.

- Standardized testing of red clover varieties, coupled with educational programs,
has resulted in a documented increase in the use of improved varieties. The
estimated value of increased forage production for 1995 was in excess of $10
million for Kentucky.

' A major research and demonstration project, funded by the Robinson Trust,
was initiated in Eastern Kentucky. The initiative includes research on man-
agement of herbaceous species on surface mined land. Anticipated benefits of
the program include enhanced erosion control, wildlife habitat, biomass en-
ergy and livestock production.

- The “Soybean Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering Center” is a joint project
of the University of Kentucky, The Ohio State University, and the University
of Georgia. Three different protocols for moving foreign genes have been de-
veloped and implemented by the Center. The first products of the Center are
transgenic soybean lines carrying the Bean Pod Mottle Virus-Coat Protein
which confers resistance to this pathogen.

- We continue to progress in manipulation of soybean oil quality. We recently
developed transgenic soybean somatic embryos with more than a two-thirds
reduction in saturated fatty acid content. These are now being regenerated for
use in breeding new varieties.

- Research in Kentucky has compared poultry litter with commercial fertilizer
for corn, wheat and tall fescue. Poultry litter can be an effective and efficient
source of nutrients for these crops. Four to six tons per acre of litter on corn
produced yields equal to the standard nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Litter also
improves fertility of soils by increasing pH, phosphorus and potassium.

- We are evaluating the use of GPS (global positioning systems) to vary corn

populations within a field according to topsoil depth. These studies on preci-

sion agriculture are conducted in collaboration with the Kentucky Corn Pro-
motion Council. Our data show that, under some conditions, varying the corn
population may increase income by as much as $33/acre.

We have conducted four years of research evaluating constructed wetlands as
a component of residential wastewater treatment. Several pollutants were re-
duced by the wetland treatment: nitrogen by 55%, phosphorus by 45%, BOD
by 80%, and fecal bacteria by 99%. As a result the quality of discharge water
is much improved.

Long-term research and educational programs on no-tillage systems continue
to evaluate best management practices for crop production, soil conservation
and protection of water resources. With the support of these programs, Ken-
tucky farmers now lead the nation in percentage of cropland which is no-
tilled. In 1995, this was 47% of row-cropped land.

Hay storage research with tall fescue showed that yield losses during outside
storage of twine-tied bales can be reduced more than two—thirds by inside stor-
age or solid plastic binding material. If such practices were universally adopted
in Kentucky, the increase in hay value would exceed $140 million annually.
Although the concept of seed vigor has long been accepted, no practical stan-
dard vigor tests have been used for marketing. Studies in our laboratories have
led to the standardization of the accelerated aging vigor test for soybean. This
test will accurately predict seedling emergence under a wide variety of field
conditions. It has been approved as one of the ﬁrst vigor tests recommended
by the International Seed Testing Association.

Soybean seed quality is often uncertain because the seed deteriorates more
rapidly during storage than seed of other grain crops. A computer model has
been used to accurately predict declines in germination during storage through
two planting seasons. The model was accurate across a wide range of soybean
varieties, including seed lots with physical injury and seed infection by
Phomopsis longicolla.

Although a small fraction of wells in Kentucky have nitrate concentrations
higher than the EPA’s maximum contaminant level, we did not detect a direct
link with rate of nitrogen fertilizer used on crops. Intensive assessment of water
quality in agricultural regions of Kentucky revealed little statistical correla-
tion between nitrate content of groundwater and the rate of nitrogen fertilizer
used in the immediate area. Herbicide use did lead to detection of these chemi-
cals in groundwater, yet a very high percentage of samples contained concen-
trations below standards established by EPA.

Research Projects

Alkaloid Accumulation in Acremonium
coenophialum Infected Tall Fescue —L.P. Bush

Altering Ergot Alkaloid Biosynthesis by the
Acremonium Endophyte of Tall Fescue — C.L.
Schardl, M.R. Siege! and LP. Bush

Ameliorative Designs to Improve the Efficiency
of Constructed Wetlands Treating High Metal
Load Acid Mine Drainage in the Rock Creek
Watershed — AD. Karathanasis

Analysis of MRNA Polyadenylation and Me—
tabolism in Plants — A.G Hunt

Analysis of the Effects of Allels at the A and B
Alkaloid Loci in Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum
Genotypes — GB. Collins and AG Hunt

Assessing Transport of Colloid Bound Herbi-
cides and Heavy Metals to Groundwater ——A.D.
Karathanasis and RE. Phillips

Assessment of Constructed Wetlands for Ani—
mal Waste Treatment — W.0. Thom, Y. Wang
and J. Dinger

Bacterial Dissimilation of Nitrate to Ammonium
in Batch and Chemostat Culture -— M.S. Coyne

Behavior, Fate and Bioactivity of Acetolactate
(ALS)—Inhibiting Herbicides — M. Barrett and
W. W. Witt

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Sesquit—
erpene Cyclase and Squalene Synthetase for To-
bacco — J. Chappell

Biorationals from Nicotiana Production and
Antifungal Activity — M.T. Nielsen and B.
Kennedy

Breeding and Development of Soybean Variet—
ies for Kentucky — T. Pfeijfer

Breeding Burley Tobacco for Improved Pest
Resistance and Productivity — M.T. Nielsen,
BS. Kennedy and RD. Legg

Breeding Improved Wheat, Oats and Barley for
Kentucky — D. VanSanford

Cellular and Molecular Biology Initiative in
Dark Tobacco — GB. Collins

Characterization and Modification of Heavy
Metal Accumulation in Plants, with Emphasis
on Tobacco —— GJ. Wagner

Characterization and Modifications of Metabo—
lism Leading to Sucrose Ester Acyl Constitu-

ents Important to Natural Insect Resistance in
Tobacco — GJ. Wagner

Characterization of a Plant Polya Polymerase
— AG. Hunt

Characterization of Phytoalexin and Stem] Bio-
synthetic Genes in Tobacco —— J. Chappell

Characterization and Classification of Kentucky
Soils — A.D. Karathanasis and RI. Barnhisel

Classifying Soils for Solute Transport as Af—
fected by Soil Properties and Landscape Posi-
tion — E. Perfect

Control of the Formation of Natural trans-2-
Hexenal and cis—3—Hexenol — D. F. Hildebrand

Com Breeding and Genetics: White Endosperm,
Food Quality Inheritance, and Hybrid Perfor—
mance —— C.G Poneleit

Correlation and Calibration of Crop Yields with
Soil Test Levels of Major Nutrients — W.0.
Thom

Cropping and Planting Systems to Allow Eco—
nomic Canola Production — J.H. Herbek and
L. W. Murdock, Jr.

Dark Tobacco Breeding Genetics and Manage-
ment — P.D. Legg

Determine if Chlorophyll Measurements Can
Predict Nitrogen Needs of Wheat — L. W.
Murdock, Jr.

Development of a Basic Soil Morphology Train—
ing Course for Onsite Sewage Disposal Treat-
ment System Personnel — A.D. Karathanasis

Development of a Soybean Tissue Culture and
Genetic Engineering Center — GB. Collins and
P. Moore

Development of Efficient Tissue Culture and
Genetic Engineering of Soybean —— GB. Collins
and R. Dinkins

Development of Efﬁcient Tissue Culture Sys—
tems for Introducing Useful Foreign Genes into
Soybeans via Genetic Engineering — GB.
Collins

Development of an Efficient Transformation
Regeneration System for Soybean ( Glycine max)
— GB. Collins

Direct Vegetation of Fly Ash — R.l. Barnhisel

Distribution of Constituents Within Tobacco
Leaf— H.R. Burton

Does Kentucky Need an Early Maturing Soy—
bean Variety Trial? — L.J. Grabau

Effect of Nitrogen Management and Variety on
Protein Quantity and Quality — D. VanSanfora'

Effects of Suckering Practices on Growth Char-
acteristics ——- J. Calvert

Environmental and Genotypic Control of As-
similate Allocation in Grain Crops — D.B. Egli

Environmental and Morphological Determinants
of Field Curing Rates of Legume Hay — M.
Collins and N.L. Taylor

Establishing an Advanced Techniques Course
in Biotechnology —— J. Chappell

Establishing the Value of the Phosphorus and
Potassium Contained in Poultry Litter for No
Till Corn — J.H. Grove, M. Rasnake, D.C.
Ditseh and W0. Thom

Evaluation of Burley Tobacco Varieties -—M.T.
Nielsen, J. Calvert and BS. Kennedy

Evaluation of the Effects of Different Tobacco
Vein Mottling Virus Genes on the Susceptibil-
ity of Burley Tobacco to Potyviruses — A.G.
Hunt, M.T. Nielsen and WC. Nesmith

Field Application of Pyrite Microencapsulation
Technologies for Controlling Pyrite Oxidation
and Acid Mine Drainage Production — V.P.
Evangelou and RE. Phillips

Forage Crop Breeding to Improve Yield and
Quality — N.L. Taylor

Foreign Gene Introduction Into Soybean —G.B.
Collins and R. Dinkins

Formation/Stabilization of the Water Oxidizing
Complex: Polypeptide/Secondary Donor Re-
quirements — G.M. Cheniae

Formulation Enhanced Transport of a Soil Ap—
plied Herbicide — V.P. Evangelou, L.M.
McDonald

Fungal Pathogen Resistance in Dark Tobacco
-— M.T. Nielsen

Genetic Engineering of Dark Tobaccos: A Sub—
project of Cellular and Molecular Biology Ini-
tiative in Dark Tobacco — J. Chappell
Genetic Control of a Putative Multiple Pesti-
cide Metabolizing Cytochrome P450 — M.
Barrett

Genetic Engineering of Soybeans for Increased
Oil Content and Epoxy Fatty Acid Accumula-
tion -— D.F. Hildebrand

Genetic Engineering of the Isoprenoid Biosyn—
thetic Pathway in Plants — J. Chappell

Green River Food Corn Total Quality Manage—
ment Program — G. Henson, J.H. Herbek and
M. C. Smith

HHMI Initiative Teacher Research — T.D.
Phillips

Improved Fertilizer Use Efﬁciency and Envi—
ronmental Soundness in Burley Tobacco Pro—
duction — J.L. Sims

Improved Management of Legume Cover Crops
for Sustainable Grain Crop Production — W. W.
Frye

Improving Soybean Technology Transfer in
Kentucky — J.H. Herbek and M]. Bitzer

Improving Switchgrass Productivity as a Biofuel
Crop — M. Rasnake

Improving the Magnesium Nutrition of Burley
Tobacco to Enhance Plant Growth and Useful—
ness of Cured Leaf— J.L. Sims and J.H. Grove

Increased Desaturation of Soybean

Triacylglycerol — D.F. Hildebrand

In Vitra and In Vivo Studies of mRNA 3‘ End
Formation in Plants — AG. Hunt

Isolation and Determination of Activity of Nico—
tine Demethylase in Tobacco — LP. Bush

Isolation of Sclareol/Labdenediol Synthase —
G.J. Wagner

Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Adsorption—
Desorption in Binary and Ternary Soil Colloid
Systems — V.P. Evangelau

Maintenance of Seed of Trifolium Species —
N.L. Taylor

Management of Weedy Vines in Corn — W. W.
Witt and C. Slack

Manure Applied to Shallow Well Drained Soils
Improving Groundwater Quality —— J.H. Grove

Mechanisms for Vacuolar Storage/Sequestration
of Cd, Zn, Mn, Ni — GJ. Wagner

Mechanisms of Transport Leading to Vacuolar
Storage Sequestration of Zn, Cd and Mn Stor-
age Sequestration — G.J. Wagner

Mineralogy and Charge Properties of Readily—
Dispersible Fractions from Selected Soils and
Sediments —- A.D. Karathanasis and RI.
Barnhisel

MOA #13814 with Natural Resources and En-
vironmental Protection Cabinet Division of
Water — A.D. Karathanasis

Modeling Transport of Colloid Bound Herbi—
cides and Heavy Metals to Groundwater —A.D.
Karathanasis

Modifying Recombination Rates in Soybean and
Assessing the Effect on Breeding Progress —
T. Pfeiﬁer

Molecular Dissection of Metabolic Channels for
Sterol and Sesquiterpene Metabolism in To-
bacco —— J. Chappell

Multiplicative Models for Genotype x Environ-
ment Interaction — P.L. Cornelius

Nicotine Synthase and Nicotine Demethylase ——
L.P. Bush

On—Farm Testing of Early Maturing Soybeans
— L.J. Grabau

Phenology, Population Dynamics, and Interfer-
ence: A Basis for Understanding Weed Biology
and Ecology —— W. W. Witt and LA. Weston

Plant, Animal and Environmental Factors Lim-
iting Intake of Grazing Beef Cattle — C.T.
Dougherty

Plant Exploration in Western United States to
Collect Annual and Perennial Native Trifolium
Germplasm for Crop Improvement —N.L. Tay—
lor

Plant Genetic Rsource Conservation and Utili—
zation — N.L. Taylor

Population Improvement and Line Development
of White Endosperm Maize — C.G. Poneleit

Potential for Crop Residue to Restrict Herbicide
Movement in Surface Water from Corn and Soy-
bean Fields — W. W. Witt

Potyvirus Replication and Pathogenicity —A.G.
Hunt

Predicting Changes in Corn Seed Quality Dur-
ing Storage —— D.M. Tekrony

Production of Transgenic Soybean with Resis—
tance to Soybean Mosaic Virus —S.A. Ghabrial
and 08. Collins

Program Assessment of Constructed Wetlands
for Animal Waste Phase II — W.0. Thom, Y.
Wang and J. Dinger

Program Continued Monitoring of Ameliorative
Designs to Improve the Efficiency of Con-
structed Wetlands Treating High Metal Load
Acid Mine Drainage in the Rock Creek Water—
shed —— A.D. Karathanasis

Refining Components of an Early—Planted,
Early-Maturing Soybean Cropping System —
L.J. Grabau

Regulatory Control of Alkaloid Levels and Se-
nescence in Tobacco Leaves —-D.Fi Hildebrand

Remediation of Acid Drainage through Surface
Coating of Fe Sulfide — V.P. Evangelou

Restoration of Altered Lands — R.I. Barnhisel

Restoration of the Productivity of Prime Farm—
land Following Surface Mining—R.l. Barnhisel

Review and Taxonomic ID of Western US Tri-
folium Collection from 1994 —— N.L. Taylor

The Role of Lipoxygenase and Lipoxygenase
Mediated Products ———D. Hildebrand and J. Kuc

Root Cell Wall and Plasma Membrane Physico
Chemical Characterization of Mn Tolerant and
Mn Sensitive Genotypes — V.P. Evangelou and
MT. Nielsen

Seed Biology and Technology Investigations ——
D.M. TeKrony and DB. Egli

A Silica/Fly Ash Based Technology for Con—
trolling Pyrite Oxidation —— V.P. Evangelou

Soft Red Winter Wheat Breeding and Variety
Development for Kentucky —D.A. VanSanford

Soil Nitrate Testing to Improve in Use Effi-
ciency and Reduce Residual Nitrate Under Corn
and Wheat ~—J.H. Grove, D.A. VanSanford and
CG. Poneleit

Somatic Cell Genetics of Crop Plants — GB.
Collins

Soil Classification System for Southern Region
Based on Water and Chemical Flow — R.E.
Phillips

Soil Survey Characterization and Environmen—

tal Impact Assessment of Daniel Boone National
Forest Ecosystems — A.D. Karathonasis

Soybean Genetic Engineering for Increasing
Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Ratios -—— D.
Hildebrand and GB. Collins

Soybean Genetic Engineering of Soybeans for
Increased Value — D.F. Hildebrand

Soybean Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineer-
ing Center — GB. Collins

Studies of a Novel Pathway for the Biosynthe-
sis of Straight and Branched, Odd and Even
Length, Medium-Chain Fatty Acids in Plants —
GJ. Wagner

Studies to Reduce Cadmium Accumulation in
Tobacco and Research toward Extending the
Uses of Tobacco — G.J. Wagner

Targeting of the Cd-Chelator Metallothinein to
the Plant Cell Wall and Root Tissue using Re—

combinant DNA Methodology —— G.J. Wagner

Understanding and Manipulation of Lipid Bio-
syntheses in Plants —- D. Hildebrand

Update of Best Management Practices Manual
for Surface Coal Mining Kentucky Nonpoint
Source Management Program — R.I. Barnhisel

Using Early Maturing Soybean Varieties to Help
Manage Soybean Cyst Nematode — L. J.
Grabau

Utilization of Coal Combustion By Products in
Agriculture and Reclamation — W. 0. Thom

Utilizing Seed Vigor as a Component of Seed
Quality — D.M. TeKrony

Varying Corn Populations According to Soil
Type and Depth of Topsoil — MJ. Bitzer, R.1.
Barnhisel and J.H. Grove

Winter Annual Root Development and the Scav-
enging of Residual Soil Nitrate — J.H. Grove,
R.L. Blevins and D. Zourarakis

Yield Evaluation of Alfalfa Varieties — L.
Lauriault

Yield Potential and